JP5682020B2 - 多層材料シートおよびその調製方法 - Google Patents
多層材料シートおよびその調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5682020B2 JP5682020B2 JP2009506986A JP2009506986A JP5682020B2 JP 5682020 B2 JP5682020 B2 JP 5682020B2 JP 2009506986 A JP2009506986 A JP 2009506986A JP 2009506986 A JP2009506986 A JP 2009506986A JP 5682020 B2 JP5682020 B2 JP 5682020B2
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Classifications
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- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
- Y10T442/3504—Woven fabric layers comprise chemically different strand material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3854—Woven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet
- Y10T442/3886—Olefin polymer or copolymer sheet or film [e.g., polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-butylene copolymer, etc.]
Description
(a)各テープが隣接するテープに対して平行に配向されるように位置合わせされた本発明に従う複数の延伸超高分子量ポリエチレンテープを提供するステップであって、隣接するテープが部分的に重なり合い得るステップと、
(b)前記複数の延伸超高分子量ポリエチレンテープを基材上に位置決めし、それにより第1の単層を形成するステップと、
(c)本発明に従う複数の延伸超高分子量ポリエチレンテープを第1の単層上に位置決めし、それにより第2の単層を形成するステップであって、第2の単層の方向が第1の単層の方向に対して角度αを成すステップと、
(d)このようにして形成されたスタックを高温で圧縮して、その単層を圧密化するステップと
を含む。
(a)少なくとも、本発明に従う多層材料シートと、セラミック、鋼、アルミニウム、チタン、ガラスおよび黒鉛、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される無機材料のさらなるシートとを積み重ねるステップと、
(b)積み重ねたシートを温度および圧力をかけて圧密化するステップと
を含む耐弾性物品の製造方法にも関する。
(a)少なくとも、延伸超高分子量ポリオレフィンの一方向性単層の圧密化スタックを含む多層材料シートと、セラミック、鋼、アルミニウム、チタン、ガラスおよび黒鉛、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料のさらなるシートとを積み重ねるステップであって、該スタック内の2つの連続した単層の延伸方向が異なり、少なくとも1つの単層の強度対厚さの比が4.5×1013N/m3よりも大きいステップと、
(b)積み重ねたシートを温度および圧力をかけて圧密化するステップと
を含む。
・ 固有粘度(IV)は、方法PTC−179(Hercules Inc.Rev.、1982年4月29日)に従って、2g/l溶液の量の酸化防止剤としてのDBPCと共にデカリン中135℃で、異なる濃度で測定される粘度をゼロ濃度に外挿することによって決定される(溶解時間は16時間である)。
・ 引張特性(25℃で測定):引張強さ(または強度)、引張弾性率(またはモジュラス)および破断伸び(またはeab)は、500mmの繊維の公称ゲージ長、50%/分のクロスヘッド速度を用いて、ASTM D885Mにおいて規定されるマルチフィラメントヤーンにおいて定義および決定される。測定される応力−ひずみ曲線に基づいて、モジュラスは0.3〜1%の間でひずみを傾斜させて決定される。モジュラスおよび強度を計算するために、測定される引張力は、10メートルの繊維を秤量することによって決定される力価で除され、GPaの値は0.97g/cm3の密度を仮定して計算される。薄いフィルムの引張特性は、ISO1184(H)に従って測定した。
[実施例1および2−テープの製造]
20の固有粘度を有する超高分子量ポリエチレン(UHMWPE)をデカリンと混合して、(7重量%)懸濁液にした。懸濁液を押出機に供給し、170℃の温度で混合して、均質なゲルを生じた。600mmの幅および800μmの厚さを有するスロットダイを通してゲルを供給した。スロットダイから押し出した後、ゲルを水浴中で急冷することによってゲル−テープを形成した。ゲルテープを3.85の係数で伸長し、その後、デカリンの量が1%より少なくなるまで、50℃および80℃の2つの部分からなるオーブン内でテープを乾燥させた。この乾燥ゲルテープは、後処理のためにコイルに巻きつけた。
38ツイスト/メートルの頻度でテープをより合わせ、通常のヤーンに関して試験される狭い構造を形成することによって、テープの引張特性を試験した。更なる試験は、500mmの繊維の公称ゲージ長、50%/分のクロスヘッドおよびタイプFiber Grip D5618Cのlnstron2714クランプを用いて、ASTM D885Mに従った。
互いに隣接する平行テープを有するテープの第1の層を置いた。隣接する平行テープの第2の層を第1の層の上に置き、第2の層のテープは第1の層のテープに垂直であった。続いて、第3の層(この場合も第2の層に垂直)を第2の層の上に置いた。第3の層を置き、これは、第1の層と比較して小さいシフト(約5mm)を有した。シフトは、テープ幅の半分であった。このシフトは、特定の位置におけるテープ縁部の可能性のある蓄積を最低限にするために適用した。第2の層と比較して小さいシフト(約5mm)を有する第4の層を第3の層に垂直に置いた。2.57kg/m2の面密度(AD)が達せられるまで手順を繰り返した。層状テープのスタックをプレス内に移動し、145℃の温度および300バールの圧力で65分間加圧した。80℃の温度が達せられるまで圧力下で冷却を行った。テープに結合剤は全く適用しなかった。それにもかかわらず、スタックは剛性の均質な800×400mm板に融合された。
装甲板に、9mmパラベラム弾(実施例1)または17グレイン(1.1グラム)模擬破片弾(Flagment Simulating Projectile)(FSP:実施例2)により実施した射撃試験を受けさせた。試験はいずれもV50および/または吸収エネルギー(E−abs)を決定することを目的として実施した。V50は、発射体の50%が装甲板を貫通し得る速度である。試験手順は以下のとおりであった。第1の発射体を予想V50速度で発射した。実際の速度を衝突の少し手前で測定した。発射体が停止したら、約10%速い意図される速度で次の発射体を発射した。貫通したら、約10%遅い意図される速度で次の発射体を発射した。衝突の実際の速度を常に測定した。少なくとも2回の停止および2回の貫通が得られるまでこの手順を繰り返した。V50は、最も高い2回の停止および最も低い2回の貫通の平均とした。装甲の性能は、V50における発射体の運動エネルギーを計算し、これを板のADで除することによっても決定した(E−abs)。
Claims (24)
- 防弾性延伸ポリマーの一方向性単層の圧密化スタックを含む多層材料シートであって、前記スタック内の2つの連続した単層の延伸方向が異なり、少なくとも1つの単層の強度対厚さの比が4.5×1013N/m3よりも大きく、
前記少なくとも1つの単層は、ポリエチレンテープを含み、
前記ポリエチレンテープは、少なくとも1.2GPaの引張強さ、2mmよりも大きい幅、3〜200g/m 2 の面密度、及び少なくとも4.5×10 13 N/m 3 の引張強さ対厚さの比を有する、材料シート。 - 前記少なくとも1つの単層の強度対厚さの比が、7×1013N/m3よりも大きい請求項1に記載の材料シート。
- 前記材料シートが、さらにバインダーを含む請求項1または2に記載の材料シート。
- 前記少なくとも1つの単層の厚さが3〜25μmの間で選択される請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の材料シート。
- 前記少なくとも1つの単層の強度が、4GPaよりも大きい請求項4に記載の材料シート。
- 前記ポリマーが、超高分子量ポリエチレンを含む請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の材料シート。
- 前記スタック内の2つの連続した単層の延伸方向が、45〜135°の間の角度αだけ異なる請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の材料シート。
- 前記角度αが80〜100°の間である請求項7に記載の材料シート。
- 少なくとも1つの単層が、同一方向に位置合わせされた複数の延伸ポリマーの一方向性テープを含み、隣接するテープが重なり合わない請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の材料シート。
- 少なくとも1つの単層が、織布を形成するように位置合わせされた複数の延伸ポリマーの一方向性テープを含む請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の材料シート。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の材料シートを含む耐弾性物品。
- 少なくとも4つの一方向性単層を含む請求項11に記載の耐弾性物品。
- セラミック、鋼、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタン、ニッケル、クロムおよび鉄またはこれらの合金、ガラスおよび黒鉛、もしくはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料のさらなるシートを含む請求項11または12に記載の耐弾性物品。
- 前記材料のさらなるシートが、単層スタックの外側に、少なくともその衝突面において位置決めされる請求項13に記載の耐弾性物品。
- 前記材料のさらなるシートの厚さが、最大でも50mmである請求項13または14に記載の耐弾性物品。
- 前記材料のさらなるシートと、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の材料シートとの間に結合層が存在し、前記結合層が、無機繊維の織層または不織層を含む請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の耐弾性物品。
- (a)請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の多層材料シートと、セラミック、鋼、アルミニウム、チタン、ガラスおよび黒鉛、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料のシートとを積み重ねるステップと、
(b)前記積み重ねたシートを温度および圧力をかけて圧密化するステップと
を含む耐弾性物品の製造方法。 - 少なくとも1.2GPaの引張強さ、2mmよりも大きい幅、3〜200g/m 2 の面密度、及び少なくとも4.5×10 13 N/m 3 の引張強さ対厚さの比を有するポリエチレンテープの調製方法であって、
少なくとも100mmの幅および少なくとも200μの高さを有する開口部を通して、160℃〜225℃の間の温度で4dl/g〜40dl/gの間の固有粘度(デカリン中135℃で測定)を有する5〜30重量%の間のポリエチレンを含む溶液を押し出し、流体生成物を得るステップと、
ゲルが形成される温度よりも高温で該流体生成物を1.1〜5の間で伸長(いわゆるドローダウン)するステップと、
非混和性の液体からなる急冷浴内で前記流体生成物を急冷してゲル生成物を形成するステップと、
ゲル生成物を少なくとも1.1だけ伸長した後、ゲル生成物から溶媒を除去するステップと
を含む、ポリエチレンテープの調製方法。 - ゲル生成物から溶媒を除去する前または後にゲル生成物を伸長する少なくとも1つのステップをさらに含み、ポリエチレンテープの調製方法における総伸長比が少なくとも20である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記総伸長比が少なくとも40である請求項19に記載の方法。
- ゲル生成物から溶媒を除去する前または後にゲル生成物を伸長する少なくとも1つのステップをさらに含み、ポリエチレンテープの調製方法における総伸長比が、少なくとも4.5×1013N/m3の引張強さ対厚さの比を特徴とするポリエチレンテープを製造するために十分である請求項18〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記引張強さ対厚さの比が、少なくとも1×1014N/m3である請求項18〜21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得られるポリエチレンテープまたはフィルム。
- 防弾製品の製造、ロープの製造、またはスポーツ用品の製造における請求項23に記載のポリエチレンテープまたはフィルムの使用。
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