JP5677741B2 - 生体物質成分の測定 - Google Patents
生体物質成分の測定 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5677741B2 JP5677741B2 JP2009527827A JP2009527827A JP5677741B2 JP 5677741 B2 JP5677741 B2 JP 5677741B2 JP 2009527827 A JP2009527827 A JP 2009527827A JP 2009527827 A JP2009527827 A JP 2009527827A JP 5677741 B2 JP5677741 B2 JP 5677741B2
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Description
まず、牛、馬、犬、猫、コウモリ、若しくは人間由来の全血液は、抗凝血剤で、好ましくはエチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)で、抑制されなかった。それから、全血液の試料は、プラスチックチューブ(ポリプロピレン、PP)若しくは表面処理(シラン化)されたガラスチューブの中に入れられた。それから、前記試料は、有機溶媒の混合物で混合された。極性及び非極性溶媒の混合物(エタノール/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン、1:4:10)は、シリンジ若しくはピペットを用いて、容器に存在する血液に添加された。この方法で得られる混合物は、注意深く、10秒間手で激しく振られた。前記血液試料は、その粘性の増加を示した。それから、相分離が5分間沈降によって実施する。2〜3分後、振ることと立たせたままにすることとが繰り返された。チューブの下方部分では血液試料のゲル状の濃縮が発達した。有機相は、チューブの上方部分に浮遊物として形成した。前記有機相は、イソオクタンを本質的に含有し、前記血液から構成要素を抽出した。前記有機相は、抽出されたカロチノイドによって黄色っぽい色を有した。前記試料の着色は、カロチノイドの濃度に依存してより激しかった。前記浮遊物は、分光光度計で直接測定され、又は、最初にピペットで移動され且つ濃縮され且つ適切な溶媒に溶解され且つ例えば高速液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC)で測定された。
記述されたテスト手順が保持された。さらに浮遊物の測定。
牛の若しくは人間の初乳のミルクが生体物質として使用された。テスト手順及び測定は、示されたように着手された。
肝組織は、知られた方法によるUltratorax処理によって、バッファーのもとで均質化された。
脂溶性の構成要素は、まず、先の例に記載されるように、有機浮遊物中で抽出された。コレステロールは、知られた酵素の方法によって有機抽出物の一定分量で検出された。
脂溶性の構成要素は、まず、先の例に記載されるように、有機浮遊物中で抽出された。NEFAは、まず、銅で複合体化され、その後、そのような脂肪酸−銅複合体は、色反応によって検出された。色反応は、分光光度計で測定された。すべての工程は、有利に、前記方法で同じ抽出チューブで実施された。使用された銅試薬は、銅−トリエタノールアミン溶液の混合物(1MのTEA、1Nの酢酸、6.45%のCu(NO3);9:1:10 v/v)であった。前記銅試薬は、全血液の明確な濃縮が生じた後に、有機浮遊物に添加された。20秒間の激しい振とう及び約30分の培養は、カラー試薬(ジフェニルカルバゾール及びジフェニルカルバジド(5:95%)の0.5%溶液、又はメタノールにおけるジフェニルカルバゾールの0.5%の強い溶液)の浮遊物への添加及び振とうに続いた。色の変化は、分光光度計により550nmで測定された。
全血液若しくは血清、全血液試料若しくは血清試料におけるリパーゼ活性を検出することは、最初に基質で供された。使用された基質は、蛍光の脂肪酸を有する脂肪酸エステルであり、それは、胆汁酸で乳状化された。前記試料に存在するリパーゼは、前記基質を切り裂いた。前記試料の培養は、記載された溶媒混合物の一つによるその抽出、及び解放されラベル化された脂肪酸の測定に続かれた。信号強度は、前記血液中の酵素の濃度に比例する。
<図1>
図1は、360nm〜580nmの波長範囲における牛の血清試料(BS73、BS75、BS76、BS79、BS80)からのベータカロチン抽出物の5つの異なる紫外線可視スペクトルがそれらの吸収で描写される図を示す。従来技術の方法は、血液試料から血液細胞を移動するのに、及び血液血清を得るのに用いられた。ベータカロチンは、直接血液血清で測定された。450nm、480nmでの通常のベータカロチンの特徴的なバンドと、425nmでの小さな肩は、そのような抽出物では期待される。前記試料の全ては、赤血球の溶血によって弱められたスペクトルを与えた。特徴的なバンドは、より大きな波長にシフトされた。3つの試料は、溶血によってかなり汚染されていたため、強い血清着色により評価が不可能であった。
図2は、ベータカロチンの更なる5つの紫外線可視スペクトルを示す。前記ベータカロチンは、図1で記載された牛の血液から得られたが、全血液からの抽出が、本発明によって実施された。ここでは、ベータカロチンの典型的なスペクトルのみが、すべての試料において見られた。
図3は、本発明の方法によって得られた抽出物のHPLCクロマトグラムを示す。カロチノイドの抽出物は、人間の全血液から得られた。吸収単位は、分単位の保持時間に対してプロットされた。“ピーク”と呼ばれる信号は、1=ルテイン、2=ゼアキサンチン、3=カンタキサンチン、4=ベータクリプトキサンチン、5=アルファカロチン及び13‐シス−ベータカロチン、6=ベータカロチン、7=9−シス−ベータカロチン、8及び9=リコピンの異性体のシス体、10=トランス−リコピンに対して得られた。前記信号は、視覚的に左右対称的、すなわち、いわゆる信号テール(ピークテール)が視覚的になく、いくつかのケースではベースから離れられている。
図4は、様々な界面活性剤の添加の機能として、ベータカロチン濃度の外形を示す表を示す。用いられた界面活性剤は、様々な濃度(0.1%〜3.0%)におけるPluronic101であった。前記界面活性剤は、牛の血液試料の異なる二つを等分して一定の濃度で加えられた。ベータカロチンの吸収は、分光測定法で測定され、ベータカロテン濃度は、平均値±標準偏差(mg/L)として計算される。界面活性剤の増加は、両方の血液試料において、抽出物中のベータカロチン濃度の増加を導いた。
図5は、アルファトコフェロール(ビタミンE)、レチノール(ビタミンA)、及びベータカロチンの回収率の実験の結果を示す。牛の全血液は、4つに等分され、本発明の方法によって抽出された。各等分は、250μLである。次の溶媒混合物は、定まった体積比で抽出のために使用された:1=エタノール/イソオクタン(1:2 V/V)、2=メタノール/イソオクタン(1:2 V/V)、3=酢酸エチル/イソオクタン(1:2 V/V)、4=イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:2 V/V)。HPLCは、標準分析として使用された。レチノールは、メタノール/イソオクタン混合物での65%の最小値、イソプロパノール/イソオクタン混合物での88%の最大値であった回収率で検体として測定された。アルファトコフェロールは、酢酸エチル/イソオクタン混合物での21%の最小値、イソプロパノール/イソオクタン混合物での107%の最大値で回収された。1〜3の溶媒混合物におけるベータカロチンに対して測定された回収率は、13%の最小値、40%の最大値で、他の検体よりも低かった。最良の回収率は、イソプロパノール/イソオクタン混合物においてすべての検体で見られた。
図6は、アルファトコフェロール(ビタミンE)、レチノール(ビタミンA)、及びベータカロテンの回収率に関する実験の結果を示す。前記回収率は、図5に対する記述に示されたように実施された。溶媒混合物5〜11は、使用された:5=エタノール/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:1:4、V/V)、6=メタノール/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:1:4、V/V)、7=酢酸エチル/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:1:4、V/V)、8=水/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:1:4、V/V)、9=塩化ナトリウム溶液(0.9%)/エタノール/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:1:4、V/V)、10=n‐ブタノール/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(1:1:4、V/V)、11=イソプロパノール/イソオクタン(2:4、V/V)。溶媒混合物5〜10は、図5からの溶媒混合物4と一致するがここでの量は2倍である溶媒混合物11との比較のために用いられた。さらに、アルコール、水、食塩水等の様々なプロトン溶媒は、基本のイソプロパノール/イソオクタン溶媒混合物に加えられた。アルファトコフェロール及びベータ−カロチンの両方は、溶媒混合物5〜10でのそれらの回収率の比較できる減少及び増加を示したことが浮かび上がった。また、全ての検体にとって最良であったイソプロパノール/イソオクタン溶媒混合物に加えて、エタノール/イソプロパノール/イソオクタン混合物は、全ての検体で高い回収率を示した。
図7は、従来の血清の抽出と、全血液から本発明の方法での抽出との間の抽出結果の比較を示す。調べられた検体は、乳牛からの様々な血液試料10検体におけるベータカロチンであった。本発明の方法での検体の回収率は、すべての血液試料に対して、伝統的な方法とほとんど一致した。
図8は、アルファトコフェロール(ビタミンE)、レチノール(ビタミンA)、及びベータカロチン検体の抽出におけるイソプロパノールに対するエタノールの溶媒比の影響を調べる。伝統データは、それぞれの極性溶媒の量(μL)に関係する。1μLは、非極性溶媒イソオクタンの量として用いられた。250μLの牛の全血液が用いられた。
図9は、血液細胞の付着に関する容器表面への影響、及び濃縮の結果を示す。図9Aは、未処理の表面を有する容器での抽出、図9Bは、シラン化により疎水性化された表面を有する容器での抽出を示す。チューブのターンオーバーによる約10分後の血液細胞の完全な濃縮は、図9Cで明らかにされた。
Claims (8)
- 全血の構成要素を、前記全血からの前記構成要素の濃縮により分析するための方法であって、前記全血は、溶媒混合物であり且つ極性の有機溶媒及び非極性の有機溶媒を含有し且つ前記構成要素を抽出する少なくとも一つの有機溶媒により、分光分析に適した容器で処理されて、前記全血は、抽出で濃縮された形態に転換され、濃縮された沈殿物及び液体有機相の浮遊物は、底への全血の濃縮された沈殿物の沈降による単なる重力を通じて形成され、前記浮遊物で抽出された構成要素は、直接的に分光分析又は蛍光光度法によって同じ容器内で調査される方法。
- 極性プロトン性溶媒が、極性有機溶媒として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルカンが、非極性溶媒として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記構成要素が、脂溶性の形態に転換され、及び/又は、抽出前に脂溶性に改質されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 抽出前に、前記水に溶解し得る構成要素が、脂溶性の分子及び/又は脂溶性に改質された分子で脂溶性の複合体を形成することを特徴とする請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記水に溶解し得る構成要素が、酵素−基質反応から得られ且つ脂溶性に若しくは脂溶性に改質された生成物を抽出することによって検出されることを特徴とする請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 疎水性表面を有する容器が用いられることを特徴とする請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- シラン化により、若しくは、フッ化水素でのエッチングにより形成される表面を有するガラス容器が用いられることを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
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EP2103309A3 (de) * | 2008-03-19 | 2012-09-12 | SCHWEIGERT, Florian | Verfahren zur Extraktion und zum Nachweis von fettlöslichen Inhaltsstoffen aus biologischen Materialien |
US20120156794A1 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2012-06-21 | Florian Schweigert | Method for the extraction and detection of fat-soluble components from biological materials |
JP5360476B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-12-04 | 広島県 | 家畜の血中ビタミンa及びベータカロテン濃度測定方法並びに家畜の血中ビタミンa及びベータカロテン濃度測定装置 |
WO2011036139A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-31 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Method for the extraction and detection of fat-soluble components from biological materials |
CN102023109A (zh) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-04-20 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 用于从生物材料中提取和检测脂溶性组分的方法 |
DE102010046912A1 (de) | 2010-09-22 | 2012-03-22 | Bapat Gmbh | Verfahren zum Nachweis von fettlöslichen Vitaminen |
US9334491B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-05-10 | Ibis Biosciences, Inc. | Systems and methods for isolating nucleic acids from cellular samples |
EP2798327B1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-10-19 | Ibis Biosciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods for sample preparation |
EP2931871A4 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2016-07-20 | Pall Technology Uk Ltd | CONTAINER FOR CELL CULTURE |
CN108474775A (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-08-31 | Wm.雷格利 Jr.公司 | 用于鉴定源自于天然来源的碳的方法 |
CN106706526B (zh) * | 2016-10-12 | 2019-08-20 | 潘仲巍 | 离子液体萃取–紫外可见分光光度法测定盐酸美西律的方法 |
CN113391008B (zh) * | 2021-02-03 | 2023-08-22 | 杭州凯莱谱精准医疗检测技术有限公司 | 基于自动化移液工作站的脂溶性维生素样本前处理方法 |
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US5518615A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1996-05-21 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Blood compatible, shear sensitive gels |
US5665602A (en) * | 1995-09-04 | 1997-09-09 | Buchi Labortechnik Ag | Method for the determination of the fat content of samples, preferably organic samples |
US5824555A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-10-20 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Method of detecting gynecological carcinomas |
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US6642055B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-11-04 | Arbogast Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for the prediction of preeclampsia and other diseases |
WO2001083511A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-08 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Procede de recherche d'inhibiteurs de l'arteriosclerose et d'agents de retraction |
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JP2004313019A (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Mitsubishi Kagaku Iatron Inc | 組織抽出液の製造方法 |
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