JP5663501B2 - バイオマスからの有機化合物を一部含有する航空燃料 - Google Patents
バイオマスからの有機化合物を一部含有する航空燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5663501B2 JP5663501B2 JP2011553490A JP2011553490A JP5663501B2 JP 5663501 B2 JP5663501 B2 JP 5663501B2 JP 2011553490 A JP2011553490 A JP 2011553490A JP 2011553490 A JP2011553490 A JP 2011553490A JP 5663501 B2 JP5663501 B2 JP 5663501B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- nitrile
- ester
- carbon atoms
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 ester compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproleic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004667 medium chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- IJXHLVMUNBOGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nonanoate Chemical group CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC IJXHLVMUNBOGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XPQPWPZFBULGKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XPQPWPZFBULGKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NRZJSHMHHFWKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N undec-10-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCCCC#N NRZJSHMHHFWKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZKKNEOUHLFYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanenitrile Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCC#N SZKKNEOUHLFYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 26
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 21
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 20
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000005949 ozonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
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- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007248 oxidative elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 11
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 11
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N (9E)-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WURFKUQACINBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M ozonide Chemical compound [O]O[O-] WURFKUQACINBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- UIAMCVSNZQYIQS-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleonitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC#N UIAMCVSNZQYIQS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018927 edible plant Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003622 immobilized catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SBIGSHCJXYGFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dec-9-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C SBIGSHCJXYGFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KISVAASFGZJBCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecenate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C KISVAASFGZJBCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-WAYWQWQTSA-N myristoleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCC)(=O)O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000802 nitrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCC(O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001577 simple distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXBXVVIUZANZAU-CMDGGOBGSA-N trans-2-decenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O WXBXVVIUZANZAU-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-VBJOUPRGSA-N triricinolein Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C[C@H](O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-VBJOUPRGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940075466 undecylenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
- C10L1/2286—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen triple bonds, e.g. nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
CH3−(CH2)3−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)3−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)7−COOH
第2の段階において、必要に応じてC6α−オレフィンを下記の反応に従ってアクリロニトリルとのクロスメタセシス反応に供してC7不飽和ニトリルを得る:
CH3−(CH2)3−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−CN→CH3−(CH2)3−CH=CH−CN+CH2=CH2
C7飽和ニトリルは、水素化により得る。
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)7−COOH
第2の段階において、必要に応じてC8α−オレフィンを下記の反応に従ってアクリロニトリルとのクロスメタセシス反応に供してC9不飽和ニトリルを得る:
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−CN→
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH−CN+CH2=CH2
C9飽和ニトリルは、水素化により得る。
CH3−(CH2)10−CH=CH−(CH2)4−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)10−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)4−COOH
C13不飽和オレフィンは、エステルとの混合物としてこのまま取り込むことができる。
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)7−COOH
C10不飽和α−オレフィンを、必要に応じて下記の反応に従ってアクリロニトリルとのクロスメタセシス反応に供してC11不飽和ニトリルを得る:
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−CN→
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−CN+CH2=CH2
C11飽和ニトリルは、水素化により得る。
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOH+O3(O2)→
CH3−(CH2)7−COOH+HOOC−(CH2)7−COOH
C9エスエルは、一酸のエステル化後に得る。
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH−(CH2)9−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)9−COOH
C8不飽和α−オレフィンを、必要に応じて下記の反応に従ってアクリロニトリルとのクロスメタセシス反応に供してC9不飽和ニトリルを得る:
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−CN→
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH−CN+CH2=CH2
C9ニトリルは、水素化により得る。
CH3−(CH2)5−CH=CH−(CH2)9−COOH+O3(O2)→
CH3−(CH2)5−COOH+HOOC−(CH2)9−COOH
エステル化後、一方でC7を得、他方でC11ジエステルを得る。このC11ジエステルは、ニトリルに完全に変換してジニトリルを形成させ、または部分的に変換してニトリルエステルを導くことができる。ジニトリルは、二酸から形成させることもできる。
CH3−(CH2)9−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)9−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)7−COOH
酸の事前のニトリル化は、エテノリシスにより、C10ω−不飽和ニトリルをもたらす。
CH3−(CH2)9−CH=CH2+O3(O2)→CH3−(CH2)9−COOH+HCOOH。
CH2CH−(CH2)7−COOMe+CH2=CH−CN→
CN−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOMe+CH2=CH2
C11ニトリル−エステルは、水素化により得る。
CH3−(CH2)9−CH=CH−(CH2)9−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)9−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)9−COOH
酸の事前のニトリル化は、エテノリシスにより、C12ω−不飽和ニトリルをもたらす。
CH3−(CH2)9−CH=CH2+O3(O2)→CH3−(CH2)9−COOH+HCOOH。
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−(CH2)11−COOH+CH2=CH2→
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−(CH2)11−COOH
C10不飽和α−オレフィンは、必要に応じて下記の反応に従ってアクリロニトリルとのクロスメタセシス反応に供してC11不飽和ニトリルを得る:
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH2+CH2=CH−CN→
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−CN+CH2=CH2
C11飽和ニトリルは、水素化により得る。
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH2+O3(O2)→CH3−(CH2)7−COOH+HCOOH。
CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−(CH2)11−COOH+O3(O2)→
CH3−(CH2)9−COOH+COOH−(CH2)11−COOH
C11酸はC11エステルに変換する。
CH3−(CH2)5−CHOH−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOCH3(Δ)→
CH3−(CH2)5−CHO+CH2=CH−(CH2)8−COOCH3
C7アルデヒドを酸化によりC7酸に容易に変換し、次いでC7ニトリルに変換し、アルデヒド官能基の形成は、カルボキシル官能基からニトリル官能基への変換における中間相である。
CH3−(CH2)5−CHOH−CH=CH−(CH2)9−COOCH3(Δ)→
CH3−(CH2)5−CHO+CH2=CH−(CH2)10−COOCH3
C7アルデヒドは、上記の通りC7ニトリルに容易に変換し、またはジメチルアセタールに変換する。
オレイン酸のニトリルの調製
本実施例においては、オレイン酸76.8%を含む市販のオレイン酸留分を使用する。酸留分を真空下で蒸留してオレイン酸留分を最大85%の含有率まで濃縮する。
オレオニトリルのエテノリシス
先の実施例のオレオニトリルを、触媒[1,3−ビス(2,4,6−トリメチルフェニル)−2−イミダゾリジニリデン]ジクロロ[[2−(1−メチルエトキシ)フェニル]メチレン]ルテニウム、CAS[301224−40−8](式を後述する。)の存在下でのエテノリシスにより1−デセンおよびデセン酸ニトリルに変換する。この操作は、触媒0.5%を有する0.05M濃度のトルエン中で50℃において実施する。22時間後、変換率は99%超であり、計算選択率はデセンについて42%、デセンニトリルについて46%である。
ウンデシレン酸のニトリルの調製
ArkemaのMarseille St Menet製造所産のウンデシレン酸を使用する。このウンデシレン酸は、ウンデシレン酸のメチルエステルの加水分解により調製する。
ウンデシレン酸のメチルエステルの調製
10−ウンデシレン酸のメチルエステルは、上記方法(A.Chauvel et al.による「Les Procedes de Petrochimie」)に従って合成する。
エテノリシスによる9−デセン酸のメチルエステルの調製
本実施例は、メチルオレアートのエテノリシスを説明する。この反応には、錯体触媒[RuCl2(=CHPh)(IMesH2)(PCy3)](式(A)を後述する。)を使用する。反応は、0.05Mのメチルオレアート濃度および0.2Mのエチレン濃度において、メチルオレアートに対して5mol%の濃度の触媒の存在下で、55℃の温度において6時間、CH2Cl2中で実施する。収率は、クロマトグラフィー分析により測定する。メチル9−デセノアートCH2=CH−(CH2)7−COOCH3および1−デセンの収率は、55mol%である。
エテノリシスによる9−デセン酸のメチルエステルの調製
本実験は、グローブボックス内でアルゴン雰囲気下で実施する。活性化アルミナに通して濾過することにより精製したオレイン酸のメチルエステル(15g)を、撹拌ガラス反応器に入れる。メタセシス触媒(参照番号57972−6、CAS[172222−30−9]、Sigma−Aldrichから購入)1000ppm(メチルエステルに対する含有量)の塩素中溶液を調製し、メチルオレアートに添加する。反応器に圧力プローブおよび導入オリフィスを備える。密閉系をグローブボックスから取り出し、エチレンラインに連結する。次いで、反応器をエチレンにより3回パージし、次いで10atmに加圧し、40℃の油浴中に2時間装入する。クロマトグラフィー分析前、トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)ホスフィンのイソプロパノール中1M溶液を添加することにより反応を中断させる。次いで、試料を60℃において1時間加熱し、蒸留水中で希釈し、ヘキサンにより抽出してからガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析する。分析は、1−デセン収率が30%であり、メチル9−デセノアート収率が30%であることを示す。
酸化的開裂によるノナン酸のメチルエステルの調製
オレイン酸ヒマワリ油1kg(オレイン酸82%、リノール酸10%)を、タングステン酸5gおよび先の合成に由来するヒドロキシル化油50gを有する反応器中に装入する。温度を最大60−65℃に増加させ、次いで50%過酸化水素水溶液280mlを3時間で添加する一方、反応器を窒素によりフラッシュして反応器中の水の存在を制限し、こうして過酸化水素水溶液の希釈を制限する。
オゾン分解によるノナン酸の調製
本実施例は、酸化的オゾン分解によりノナン酸を生じさせるためのオレイン酸の酸化的開裂を説明する。
ノナン酸のエステル化
実施例7aに従って調製したノナン酸を、触媒としての硫酸(2%)の存在下で100の化学量論的過剰でメタノールによりエステル化する。反応を還流下で2時間実施する。反応の終了時、ノナン酸のメチルエステルを、溶媒により抽出し、残留酸を中和し、次いで洗浄することにより単離する。
−選択されるエステルは、10−ウンデシレン酸またはウンデカン酸のメチルエステルであり、
−選択されるニトリルは、デカン酸または9−デセン酸のニトリルであり、
−選択されるエステルは、メチルノナノアートであり、
−選択されるニトリルは、ウンデカンニトリルまたは10−ウンデセンニトリルである。
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも14個の炭素原子の鎖長を有する、天然および再生可能な、任意にヒドロキシル化されている一価不飽和脂肪酸から出発する化学変換により得られ、中鎖脂肪酸のニトリルおよびエステルから選択される化合物であって、該中鎖脂肪酸が1分子当たり7から12個の炭素原子を含む化合物の留分20〜99重量%と航空燃料についての世界規格に適合するケロシン1〜80重量%とを含む航空燃料であって、
前記中鎖脂肪酸のエステルが奇数の炭素原子を含むか、または当該エステルが10〜12個の炭素原子を含みかつω−不飽和である航空燃料。 - 化合物の留分が、ニトリルおよび/またはエステル化合物の少なくとも1種ならびに前記天然および再生可能な、任意にヒドロキシル化されている一価不飽和脂肪酸に適用される化学変換と同様の化学変換から得られる1分子当たり6から13個の炭素原子を含む天然由来の少なくとも1種のオレフィンおよび/またはアルカンの混合物から構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料。
- 化合物の留分を構成する混合物中のオレフィンおよび/またはアルカンの割合が、前記混合物の10から50重量%を表すことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の航空燃料。
- 12個の炭素原子を含む脂肪族ニトリルがω−不飽和であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の一項に記載の燃料。
- 選択されるエステルが、10−ウンデシレン酸またはウンデカン酸のメチルエステルであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の一項に記載の燃料。
- 選択されるニトリルが、デカン酸または9−デセン酸のニトリルであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の一項に記載の燃料。
- 選択されるエステルが、メチルノナノアートであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の一項に記載の燃料。
- 選択されるニトリルが、ウンデカンニトリルまたは10−ウンデセンニトリルであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の一項に記載の燃料。
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FR0951472A FR2942804B1 (fr) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | Carburant aviation contenant une proportion de composes organiques ex-biomasse |
PCT/FR2010/050387 WO2010103223A1 (fr) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-03-08 | Carburant aviation contenant une proportion de composes organiques ex-biomasse |
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US8715374B2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2014-05-06 | Green Fuels Research, Ltd. | Methodology of post-transesterification processing of biodiesel resulting in high purity fame fractions and new fuels |
US8846587B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2014-09-30 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Functionalized monomers and polymers |
US9315748B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2016-04-19 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Cold flow additives |
US9012385B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2015-04-21 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Terpene derived compounds |
US20140194584A1 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2014-07-10 | Arkema France | Process for the synthesis of w-Unsaturated nitrile-acid/ester in which two types of cross metathesis are alternated consecutively swing process |
FR3001966A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-15 | Arkema France | Synthese conjuguee d'un nitrile- ester/acide et d'un diester/diacide |
US20140274832A1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Maleinized ester derivatives |
US20150057204A1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2015-02-26 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Maleanized Ester Derivatives |
FR3052459B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-13 | 2020-01-24 | Bio-Think | Melange destine a alimenter une chaudiere ou un moteur diesel comprenant des esters et des alcanes particuliers |
JP2021107499A (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-29 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物、及びそれを用いた空気入りタイヤ |
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US2135327A (en) * | 1936-06-29 | 1938-11-01 | Armour & Co | Motor fuel containing nitriles |
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FR2942804B1 (fr) | 2011-08-19 |
CA2750680C (fr) | 2013-08-20 |
EP2406354A1 (fr) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2406354B1 (fr) | 2016-04-27 |
BRPI1009760A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
FR2942804A1 (fr) | 2010-09-10 |
JP2012519768A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
MX2011008845A (es) | 2011-09-29 |
SG174267A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 |
US20120011765A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
ZA201105393B (en) | 2012-09-26 |
KR101411081B1 (ko) | 2014-06-27 |
CN102348786A (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
KR20110113772A (ko) | 2011-10-18 |
MY156638A (en) | 2016-03-15 |
WO2010103223A1 (fr) | 2010-09-16 |
CA2750680A1 (fr) | 2010-09-16 |
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