JP5657112B2 - Automatic measuring device for heavy metal concentration in ash - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an automatic measurement apparatus for heavy metal concentration in ash discharged from, for example, a dust collector provided in an incinerator.

  For example, the exhaust gas discharged from an incinerator contains ash such as fly ash, and this ash contains heavy metals that are harmful substances such as lead, cadmium, and chromium. In processing facilities that process heavy metals, chemicals are used to suppress the elution of heavy metals contained in ash into the environment.

  By the way, in order to properly process heavy metals in ash, it is necessary to make the amount of chemicals used appropriately. For this reason, it is necessary to properly measure the amount of heavy metals contained in ash, that is, the concentration of heavy metals. .

  Conventionally, as a system for measuring heavy metal concentration, there is a system using X-rays (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  This system, for example, guides ash from a bag filter onto a belt conveyor, places a fluorescent X-ray analyzer at an upper position in the middle of the belt conveyor, and irradiates X-rays onto the belt conveyor to measure heavy metal concentrations. However, an appropriate amount of the drug for preventing elution has been demanded depending on this concentration.

JP 2005-118733 A

  According to the conventional system described above, the ash captured by the bag filter is guided onto the belt conveyor and the heavy metal concentration is measured, but it can be used for the ash movement path provided in the vertical direction. There wasn't.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the automatic measuring apparatus which can automatically measure the heavy metal density | concentration in the ash which falls in the ash movement path | route provided in the perpendicular direction.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is an automatic measuring device that collects ash moving in an ash moving path provided in a vertical direction and measures the concentration of heavy metals in the ash,
The ash collection passage connected to the opening provided in the side wall of the ash movement path, the ash collection means provided in the ash collection passage, and X-rays are irradiated to the ash to detect the intensity of the fluorescent X-ray. And X-ray measuring means for measuring heavy metal concentration in ash,
The ash collection passage is formed by an extraction passage portion whose one end side is connected to the opening portion in the horizontal direction and a discharge passage portion connected in the vertical direction to the other end side of the extraction passage portion,
The ash collecting means is arranged so as to be movable in the take-out passage part and has an open upper surface, and is arranged so as to be movable in the take-out path part and swings one end side of the ash collection container. A support member that supports the ash collection container, and a moving means connected to the support member to move the ash collection container between the ash collection position in the ash movement path and the ash discharge position in the discharge passage portion of the ash collection path. And consisting of
In the opening formed in the side wall portion of the ash movement path, a smoothing member having at least a lower surface made semicircular for cutting off the ash stored in the ash collection container is provided,
In addition, the radius of the lower surface of the smoothing member is in the range of 5 to 15 mm, and the moving speed of the ash collection container is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 m / sec.

  Moreover, this invention provides the vibration applicator which provides a vibration with an ultrasonic wave in the container for ash collection in the said automatic measuring device.

Further, the present invention provides the automatic measuring apparatus according to the above, wherein when the ash collection container is moved to the ash collection position by the moving means, the other end side of the ash collection container bottom is supported by the bottom wall surface of the extraction passage section. The support surface that supports the other end of the bottom of the ash collection container when the ash collection container is moved to the ash discharge position is lower than the bottom wall surface of the extraction passage section. So that it ’s tilted,
In addition, the ash collection container is formed so that at least the side wall surface on the other end side is inclined outward and the inclination angle is equal to or greater than the repose angle of ash.

  According to the automatic measuring apparatus, the ash collection path is connected to the ash movement path provided in the vertical direction in the horizontal direction, and the ash collection container that can be moved into and out of the ash movement path is connected to the ash collection path. And a smoothing member having at least a lower surface made semicircular for cutting off the ash stored in the ash collection container, and a radius of the lower surface of the smoothing member in a range of 5 to 15 mm. Since the moving speed of the ash collection container is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 m / sec, the ash falling in the ash moving path provided in the vertical direction can be used as a simple measurement sample. With the configuration, it is possible to easily and surely capture a predetermined bag.

  In addition, since the vibration applicator is attached to the ash collection container, it can be densely taken into the container during ash collection, so that X-ray measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

  In addition, after measuring the heavy metal concentration, the ash collection container can be tilted into the discharge passage part by its own weight by moving the ash collection container to the other end side by the moving means. The ash stored inside can be discharged.

  Furthermore, at the time of discharge, the ash can be reliably discharged by applying vibration to the ash collection container with the vibration applicator.

It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the automatic measuring device which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a horizontal sectional view showing a schematic structure of the automatic measuring device. It is a graph which shows an example of the detection result of the fluorescent X ray in the automatic measuring device.

  Hereinafter, an automatic measuring device for heavy metal concentration in ash according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the present embodiment, for example, it is assumed that the concentration of heavy metals that are harmful substances such as lead, cadmium, and chromium contained in fly ash discharged from an incinerator is automatically measured.

  This automatic measuring device for heavy metal concentration is an ash from a ash storage tank that temporarily stores ash collected by a dust collector (for example, a bag filter) in an incinerator to a heavy metal fixing processing device. It is provided in a chute for guiding and collects ash that falls in the chute as a sample, and measures the heavy metal concentration contained in the ash as the collected sample.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a rectangular shape is provided at a predetermined position on the side wall portion of a chute (an example of an ash movement path) provided in the vertical direction for guiding ash from the ash storage tank to the heavy metal fixing treatment device. An opening 1a is formed, and an ash collection passage 2 for collecting ash as a sample is connected to the opening 1a.

  The ash collection passage 2 has one end side in communication with the extraction passage portion 3 connected in the horizontal direction to the opening 1 a of the chute 1 and the other end side of the extraction passage portion 3 and the extraction passage portion 3. The rear bottom wall 3d, which is a connecting portion between the bottom wall 3c of the take-out passage 3 and the side wall 4a of the discharge passage 4, is composed of a discharge passage 4 that hangs downward. It is made into the downward inclined surface (it may be the circular arc surface swelled to the upper side).

  In the following description, one end side of the extraction passage portion 3 on the chute 1 side is referred to as a front side, and the other end side on the discharge passage portion 4 side is referred to as a rear side.

  In the ash collection passage 2, an ash collection device (an example of ash collection means) 5 for collecting ash and an X-ray measurement for measuring heavy metal concentration in the ash as a sample collected by the ash collection device 5 An apparatus (an example of X-ray measuring means, also referred to as an X-ray analyzer) 6 is provided.

  The ash collection device 5 is provided on the other end side of the take-out passage portion 3 and the support member 11 for connecting U-shaped in a plan view, which is movably disposed in the take-out passage portion 3 and the support member. 11 is connected to the rod portion 12a and moves the support member 11 in the take-out passage portion 3 in the front-rear direction, and a moving cylinder device 12 (an example of a moving means), and a horizontal position near the opening end of the support member 11 The ash collection container 14 whose front end side is swingably supported via the support pins 13 and the upper surface of the ash collection container 14 attached to the upper edge side of the opening 1a of the chute 1 (in particular, a container to be described later) It comprises a round bar-shaped scraping member (an example of a smoothing member) 15 for flattening the upper surface of the main body.

  The support member 11 is slidably disposed on the bottom wall portion (bottom wall surface) 3c of the take-out passage portion 3, and in some cases, the support member 11 can be transferred to the support member 11 on the bottom wall portion 3c. May be provided.

  By the way, the ash collection container 14 is supported on the front end side by the support pin 13 so as to be swingable, and is disposed on the front side of the frame-shaped portion 16 and the frame-shaped portion 16 having a rectangular plan view. The container body portion 17 has an open upper surface, and the front and rear side wall surfaces 17a and 17b of the container body portion 17 are inclined outward, and at least the vertical of the rear side wall surface 17b is vertical. The inclination angle θ with respect to the line is made larger than the repose angle of ash.

  The ash collection container 14 can reciprocate between the ash collection position (A) in the chute 1 and the ash discharge position (B) corresponding to the discharge passage portion 4 by the moving cylinder device 12. Has been.

  That is, as described above, the front end portion of the frame-like portion 16 of the ash collection container 14 is swingably supported on the front end side of the support member 11, and the rear end side is the bottom wall portion of the extraction passage portion 3. Therefore, when the container main body portion 17 of the ash collection container 14 is moved to the ash collection position (A) in the chute 1, the rear end side of the frame-shaped portion 16 is the bottom of the extraction passage portion 3. When the container main body 17 is moved to the ash discharge position (B) in the discharge passage portion 4, the rear end side of the frame-like portion 16 is the take-out passage. Since the container body part 17 falls into the discharge passage part 4 through the rear bottom wall part 3d of the part 3, the container body part 17 assumes a vertical posture through a tilting posture.

  By the way, if the moving speed of the ash collection container 14, especially the pull-in speed, is too slow, the measurement time becomes long, and if it is too fast, a cracked depression occurs on the scraped surface. The range is from 1 to 0.5 m / sec.

  Further, if the time for moving the ash collection container 14 to the chute 1 (time for protruding to the chute) is short, sufficient ash cannot be collected, which affects measurement accuracy, and if it is too long, the measurement time becomes long. Therefore, an appropriate time is selected because the measurement frequency decreases.

  For example, a desirable time for collecting a sufficient amount of ash necessary for measurement is, for example, 30 to 120 seconds when the inner diameter of the chute 1 is 0.3 m and 700 kg of ash falls per hour. It is said. In addition, when the inner diameter of the chute 1 and the amount of fall of ash are different, the time is also different.

  Of course, the size of the ash collection container 14 is suitable for the area where X-ray irradiation is performed during measurement.

  Further, in the ash collection container 14, for example, on the side surface of the container main body portion 17, a vibration applicator (ultrasonic vibrator) 18 for applying vibration by ultrasonic waves is attached.

  For example, by applying ultrasonic vibration to the container main body 17 when collecting ash, the ash becomes more dense and uniform, leading to improved measurement accuracy. In addition, when the ash is discharged by tilting the container main body portion 17 at the time of discharging, the ash in the container main body portion 17 can be reliably discharged by applying vibration.

  Note that the vibration applicator 18 may be attached to a place other than the container main body 17 in the ash collection container 14, for example, to the frame-like part 16.

  Further, if the diameter of the round bar-shaped scraping member 15 is small, the ash compaction effect cannot be obtained during the pulling-in operation of the ash collection container 14 (the bulk density becomes small), and the diameter is too large. In order to require a wide mounting place, the appropriate range is 10 to 30 mm.

  Furthermore, as described above, the opening 3b is provided in the middle of the upper wall 3a of the extraction passage portion 3, that is, between the ash collection position (A) and the ash discharge position (B). The X-ray measuring device 6 is arranged at 3b. This position is referred to as an ash measurement position (C). The X-ray irradiation window 6a of the X-ray measurement apparatus 6 is inserted into the opening 3b, and the X-ray measurement apparatus 6 is fixed.

  Here, the X-ray measuring apparatus 6 will be briefly described. The X-ray is irradiated from the irradiation window 6a to the container main body 17 in the ash collection container 14, that is, the measurement object stored in the container main body 17. A certain amount of ash is irradiated, fluorescent X-rays excited from a substance constituting the ash are made incident, the amount of the substance is detected from the intensity (count amount), and the heavy metal concentration in the ash is measured.

  That is, the X-ray measurement apparatus 6 includes at least an X-ray generation unit that generates X-rays and emits the X-rays, and an X-ray incident unit that enters fluorescent X-rays excited by the measurement target; An intensity detector that detects the intensity of fluorescent X-rays incident at the X-ray incident part, and detects the amount of heavy metal contained in the ash based on the intensity detected by the intensity detector, A concentration calculation unit to be obtained, and the total intensity (total count amount) of the fluorescent X-rays detected by the intensity detection unit is obtained, and the surface state of the measurement object having the total intensity value a is good. A surface state detector for calculating a ratio c (c = a / b) to the standard intensity value b in a normal state is provided. In the surface state detection unit, when the obtained ratio c is lower than a preset threshold value, it is determined that the surface state is not smoothed and an error occurs in the measurement value. Of course, when it is determined that the surface state is not smoothed, the heavy metal concentration measured at this time is ignored. As for this threshold value, the total intensity and measurement error at that time are obtained according to various surface conditions by experiments, and the total intensity corresponding to the allowable measurement error is set as the threshold value. For example, a specific example is shown in the graph of FIG. From this graph, when the total intensity (count amount) of fluorescent X-rays is 900 cps or more, the measurement error is in the range of 0.05% or less (acceptable limit). Therefore, the threshold value in this case is set to 900 cps. Is done.

  In this way, the container body 17 is moved from the chute 1 cut off from the outside to the discharge passage 4 side through the extraction passage 3 cut off from the outside. That is, the entire ash collection passage 2 has a sealed structure separated from the outside (outside the system).

  In the above configuration, when measuring the heavy metal concentration in the ash falling on the chute 1, first, the rod portion 12 a of the moving cylinder device 12 is protruded to remove the container main body portion 17 of the ash collection container 14 from the extraction passage portion 3. The ash is moved to the ash collection position (A) in the chute 1 and the ash is stored in a pile shape in the container main body portion 17.

  When the predetermined time has elapsed and the ash is piled up, the container body portion 17 is drawn into the extraction passage portion 3 side by the moving cylinder device 12 and moved to the ash measurement position (C).

  During this retraction operation, vibration is applied to the container body 17 by the vibration applicator 18 to make the ash dense, and the container body 17 is provided by the sliding member 15 provided in the opening 1a of the chute 1. The pile of ash that has been piled up is removed and the surface is flattened.

  Next, the X-ray measuring device 6 irradiates the container main body portion 17 with X-rays and measures the heavy metal concentration in the ash. At this time, a ratio c (= a / b) of the measured total intensity value a to the standard intensity value b is calculated, and the ratio c is compared with a threshold value to determine whether the surface state is good or bad. . When the ratio is lower than the threshold value, the surface state in the container main body 17 is bad (for example, the sample is insufficient or the surface is cracked, depressed, etc.), and the measurement result has an error. Therefore, the measured heavy metal concentration is invalidated.

  When the measurement of the heavy metal concentration is completed, the container body portion 17 is moved backward again by the moving cylinder device 12 and finally moved to the ash discharge position (B).

  To explain again, at least the rear end side of the frame-like part 16 is supported by the bottom wall part 3c of the extraction passage part 3 at the ash collection position (A) and the ash measurement position (C). Although the horizontal posture is maintained, the rear bottom wall portion 3d as the support surface of the extraction passage portion 3 corresponding to the discharge passage portion 4 is inclined, so that it is indicated by a virtual line in FIG. In addition, the rear end side of the frame-shaped portion 16 starts to descend, and finally, the entire frame-shaped portion 16 tilts rearward and becomes a vertical posture through a tilting posture.

  Therefore, the ash stored in the container main body portion 17 is dropped into the discharge passage portion 4. When the ash is dropped, vibration is applied to the container main body 17 by the vibration applicator 18, and the inclination angle θ of the rear side wall surface 17b of the container main body 17 is larger than the repose angle of the ash. Therefore, all the ash in the container main body 17 is discharged.

  Further, the heavy metal concentration measured by the X-ray measuring device 6 is sent to a heavy metal fixing processing device (not shown) arranged in a post-process, where an optimum amount for the ash discharged from the chute 1 is obtained. The fixed drug will be supplied.

  In the above description, the container main body portion 17 is changed from the tilting posture to the vertical posture so that ash is discharged.However, as long as the inclination angle of the rear side wall surface 17b is an angle at which the ash falls naturally, It does not have to be a vertical posture. That is, it may be tilted.

  In the above description, the container main body portion 17, that is, the frame-shaped portion 16 has been described as tilting to the rear side by its own weight, but by forcing a weight on the rear end side of the frame-shaped portion 16, The rear side may be tilted. In addition, by providing a swing-type opening / closing lid that swings by its own weight in the opening 1a provided in the chute 1, the ash in the chute 1 can enter the ash collection passage 2 when measurement is not performed. It can be prevented from entering.

  Furthermore, although the chute has been described as the ash movement path, a bypass may be provided in the chute and the heavy metal concentration in the ash falling (passing) through the bypass may be measured.

  According to the automatic measuring apparatus described above, the ash collection passage is connected to the chute provided in the vertical direction in the horizontal direction, and an ash collection container that can be moved into and out of the chute is provided in the ash collection passage. Provided with a smoothing member having at least a lower surface semi-circular for cutting off the ash stored in the ash collection container, and setting the radius of the lower surface of the smoothing member to a range of 5 to 15 mm. Since the moving speed of the ash collection container is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 m / sec, the ash falling in the chute provided in the vertical direction can be easily used as a measurement sample with a simple configuration. In addition, a predetermined amount can be taken in reliably.

  In addition, since the vibration applicator is attached to the ash collection container, it can be densely taken into the container during ash collection, so that X-ray measurement can be performed with high accuracy.

  In addition, after measuring the heavy metal concentration, the ash collection container can be moved to the other end side by the moving cylinder device, so that it can be tilted into the discharge passage by its own weight. The ash stored in the container can be discharged.

  Furthermore, ash can be reliably discharged | emitted by giving a vibration to an ash collection container with a vibration applicator also at the time of discharge | emission.

  In other words, the container body portion of the ash collection container is withdrawn / retracted from the opening in the chute (ash movement path), and the container body portion is moved to the container body portion by a round bar-shaped sliding member (smoothing member) provided in the opening portion. Since the accumulated ash is made dense and the surface is smoothed, the ash falling in the vertical direction is taken into the container main body portion closely, and then directly as it is by an X-ray measuring device (X-ray measuring means). The concentration of X-rays can be measured. Therefore, for example, after a sample is formed using a hydraulic briquette press, the configuration is much higher than when the sample is taken out from the hydraulic briquette press and subjected to fluorescent X-ray inspection. It can be simplified, and the labor and the cost required for the X-ray examination can be reduced.

Claims (3)

It is an automatic measuring device that collects ash moving in the ash movement path provided in the vertical direction and measures the heavy metal concentration in this ash,
The ash collection passage connected to the opening provided in the side wall of the ash movement path, the ash collection means provided in the ash collection passage, and X-rays are irradiated to the ash to detect the intensity of the fluorescent X-ray. And X-ray measuring means for measuring heavy metal concentration in ash,
The ash collection passage is formed by an extraction passage portion whose one end side is connected to the opening portion in the horizontal direction and a discharge passage portion connected in the vertical direction to the other end side of the extraction passage portion,
The ash collecting means is arranged so as to be movable in the take-out passage part and has an open upper surface, and is arranged so as to be movable in the take-out path part and swings one end side of the ash collection container. A support member that supports the ash collection container, and a moving means connected to the support member to move the ash collection container between the ash collection position in the ash movement path and the ash discharge position in the discharge passage portion of the ash collection path. And consisting of
In the opening formed in the side wall portion of the ash movement path, a smoothing member having at least a lower surface made semicircular for cutting off the ash stored in the ash collection container is provided,
The heavy metal in the ash is characterized in that the radius of the lower surface of the smoothing member is in the range of 5 to 15 mm and the moving speed of the ash collection container is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 m / sec. Concentration automatic measuring device.   2. The apparatus for automatically measuring heavy metal concentration in ash according to claim 1, wherein the ash collection container is provided with a vibration applicator for applying vibration by ultrasonic waves. When the ash collection container is moved to the ash collection position by the moving means, the other end side of the bottom of the ash collection container is in a horizontal posture supported by the bottom wall surface of the extraction passage section, and the ash collection container When the ash discharge position is moved, the support surface that supports the other end of the bottom of the ash collection container is in a tilting posture that is lower than the bottom wall surface of the extraction passage portion,
The side wall surface of at least the other end side of the ash collection container is inclined outward and the inclination angle is equal to or greater than the repose angle of ash. Automatic measuring device for heavy metal concentration in ash.

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