JP5631535B2 - ジェスチャベースの制御システムのためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明の一実施形態のブロック図が、図1に示されている。ユーザは、並んだカメラ104A〜104Dの視野内で、彼の手101および102を見つける。カメラは、指ならびに手101および102の位置、向きおよび動きを検出し、プリプロセッサ105への出力信号を生成する。プリプロセッサ105は、カメラ出力をジェスチャ信号に変換し、このジェスチャ信号は、システムのコンピュータ処理装置107に供給される。コンピュータ107は、入力情報を使用して、画面上の1つまたは複数のカーソルを制御させるコマンドを生成し、ビデオ出力をディスプレイ103に供給する。
本発明は、システムがユーザの手を見つけ、それが左手を見ているか、それとも右手を見ているか、またどの指が見えるかを識別できるように、ユーザの1つまたは複数の指の上のマーカ・タグを使用することを企図している。これは、システムがユーザの手の位置、向きおよび動きを検出することを可能にする。この情報は、複数のジェスチャがシステムによって認識され、ユーザによってコマンドとして使用されることを可能にする。
本発明は、手のポーズ、向き、手の組合せ、および向きの混合からなるジェスチャ語彙を企図している。表記言語もまた、本発明のジェスチャ語彙でポーズおよびジェスチャを設計し伝達するために実装される。ジェスチャ語彙は、運動学的な結合の瞬間的な「ポーズ状態」を簡潔なテキストの形で表すための体系である。当該の結合は、生物学的(たとえば人間の手、または人間の体全体、またはバッタの脚、またはキツネザルの多関節の背骨)であることも、あるいはそうではなく、非生物学(たとえばロボットアーム)であることもある。いずれの場合も、結合は、単純であっても(背骨)、分岐していてもよい(手)。本発明のジェスチャ語彙体系は、任意の特定の結合について、一定の長さの列を確立し、次いで、列の「文字位置」を占有する特定のASCII文字の集合体は、その結合の瞬間的状態または「ポーズ」についての一意の描写である。
図3は、本発明を使用するジェスチャ語彙の一実施形態の手のポーズを示している。本発明では、手の5つの指のそれぞれが使用されると仮定する。これらの指は、p−小指、r−薬指、m−中指、i−人差し指およびt−親指としてのコードである。指および親指についての複数のポーズが、図3に定義され、示されている。ジェスチャ語彙列は、結合(この場合では指)の表現可能な各自由度について単一の文字位置を確立する。さらに、こうした各自由度は、その完全な動き範囲が、その文字列位置で有限数の標準ASCII文字のうちの1つを割り当てることによって表現され得るように離散化される(または「量子化される」)と理解される。これらの自由度は、体に特有の原点、および座標系(手の甲、バッタの体の中心、ロボットアームのベースなど)に関して表現される。したがって、結合の位置および向きを、よりグローバルな座標系で「全体として」表現するために、少数の追加のジェスチャ語彙文字位置が使用される。
指および親指のポーズに加えて、手の向きは、情報を表すことができる。グローバル空間の向きを表す文字が、透過的に選択されることもでき、文字「<」、「>」、「^」および「v」は、向きの文字の位置で生じるとき、左、右、上および下の考えを示すために使用され得る。図4は、手の向きの記述子、およびポーズと向きを組み合わせる符号化の例を示している。本発明の一実施形態では、2つの文字位置は、まず手のひらの方向を、次いで(指の実際の曲げに関係なく、それらがまっすぐであれば)指の方向を示している。これらの2つの位置について可能な文字は、向きの「体中心の」概念を表現し、「−」、「+」、「x」、「*」、「^」および「v」は、内側、横方、前方(体から離れて前方に)、後方(体から離れて後方に)、頭方(上向き)および尾方である(下向き)を表現する。
[|||||:VX]は、手のひらが下に向き、指が前に向いた平手(親指が指に平行)である。
[|||||:X^]は、手のひらが前に向き、指が天井を向いた平手である。
[|||||:−X]は、手のひらを体中心(左手の場合は右、右手の場合は左)に向き、指が前に向いた平手である。
[^^^^−:−X]は、単一の手による立てた親指である(親指が天井を指している)。
[^^^|−:−X]は、前に向けた銃の手振りである。
本発明は、単一の手のコマンド、ポーズ、ならびに両手を用いたコマンドおよびポーズを企図している。図5は、本発明の一実施形態の両手の組合せの例、および関連する表記を示している。第1の例の表記をよく見ると、「完全な停止」は、それが閉じた2つのこぶしを含むことを明らかにしている。「スナップショット」の例では、それぞれの手の親指および人差し指が伸びており、親指が互いの方を向き、ゴールポストの形のフレームを定義している。「ラダーおよびスロットルの開始位置」は、指および親指が上を向き、手のひらが画面に面している。
図6は、本発明の一実施形態の向き混合の一例を示している。示された例では、混合は、指ポーズの列の後に、向き表記の対を括弧内に囲むことにより表されている。たとえば、第1のコマンドは、すべてがまっすぐ向いた指位置を示している。向きコマンドの第1の対によって、手のひらがディスプレイに向かって平らとなり、第2の対は、画面に向かって45度のピッチに回転する手を有する。この例では、混合の対が示されているが、本発明では、任意の数の混合が企図されている。
図8は、本発明で使用され得る複数の可能なコマンドを示している。ここでの議論の一部は、ディスプレイ上のカーソル制御に関してであったが、本発明は、その活動に限定されない。実際、本発明は、画面上のありとあらゆるデータ、およびデータの一部、ならびにディスプレイの状態を操作することにおいて大きい応用性を有する。たとえば、コマンドは、ビデオメディアの再生中にビデオコントロールに取って代わるために使用され得る。コマンドは、休止、早送り、巻戻しなどのために使用され得る。さらに、コマンドは、画像のズームインおよびズームアウト、画像の向きの変更、任意の方向へのパニングなどのために実施され得る。本発明は、開く、閉じる、保存するなどのメニューコマンドの代わりに使用されることもできる。換言すると、想像され得るどんなコマンドまたは活動もが、手ジェスチャと共に実施されることができる。
図7は、一実施形態の本発明の操作を示すフローチャートである。ステップ701で、検出システムは、マーカおよびタグを検出する。判断ブロック702で、タグおよびマーカが検出されたかどうか判断される。そうでない場合は、システムは、ステップ701に戻る。ステップ702でタグおよびマーカが検出される場合は、システムは、ステップ703に進む。ステップ703で、システムは、検出されたタグおよびマーカから、手、指およびポーズを識別する。ステップ704で、システムは、ポーズの向きを識別する。ステップ705で、システムは、検出された1つまたは複数の手の3次元空間位置を識別する。(ステップ703、704および705のいずれかまたはすべてが、単一のステップとして組み合わされ得ることに留意されたい。)
ステップ706で、情報は、上述のジェスチャ表記に変換される。判断ブロック707で、ポーズが有効であるかどうか判断される。これは、生成された表記列を使用して、単純な列の比較によって遂行され得る。ポーズが有効ではない場合は、このシステムは、ステップ701に戻る。ポーズが有効な場合は、このシステムは、ステップ708で、表記および位置情報データをコンピュータに送信する。ステップ709で、コンピュータは、ジェスチャに応答して適切な措置を決定し、ステップ710で、それに従ってディスプレイを更新する。
このシステムは、基礎をなすシステムによって回復された低レベルのジェスチャの流れを「解析し」、「変換し」、解析され変換されたそれらのジェスチャを、幅広いコンピュータアプリケーションおよびシステムの制御のために使用されることができるコマンドの流れまたはイベントデータに変え得る。これらの技術およびアルゴリズムは、これらの技術を実装するエンジンと、エンジンの能力を利用するコンピュータアプリケーションを構築するためのプラットフォームを提供するコンピュータコードからなるシステムで実施され得る。
1)複数の異なる集合体レベルのジェスチャ、すなわち
a.単一の手の「ポーズ」(互いに関連のある手の部分の構成および向き)、単一の手の向きおよび3次元空間内の位置、
b.ポーズ、位置または両方を考慮に入れるいずれかの手についての両手使いの組合せ、
c.複数の人の組合せ;このシステムは、3つ以上の手を追跡することができ、したがって、複数の人が協力して(またはゲームアプリケーションの場合には競合して)ターゲットシステムをコントロールすることができる、
d.ポーズが連続して組み合わされる連続したジェスチャ;これらは「アニメーション化」ジェスチャを呼ばれる、
e.オペレータが空間の形状を追跡する「書記素」ジェスチャ、
を指定する(コンピュータプログラムで使用するために符号化する)ための簡潔で効率的なやり方。
2)所与のアプリケーションコンテキストに関連する上述の各カテゴリからの特定のジェスチャを登録するためのプログラマチック技術。
3)登録されたジェスチャが識別されることができ、それらのジェスチャをカプセル化するイベントが適切なアプリケーションコンテキストに引き渡されることができるように、ジェスチャストリームを解析するためのアルゴリズム。
単一の手の「ポーズ」は、
i)指と手の甲の間の相対的向きの列として表され、
ii)少数の個別の状態へと量子化される。
i)コンテキスト上の、条件付きの複雑な制御状態を構築すること、
ii)制御環境にヒステリシスを動的に追加すること、および
iii)ユーザが実行システム自体のインターフェース語彙を変更しまたは拡張することができるアプリケーションを作成することを可能にする。
さらに、指定されたジェスチャを認識するために内部で使用される原始的な比較演算子もまた、アプリケーションプログラマーが使用するために公開され、その結果、さらなる比較(たとえば複雑なまたは複合のジェスチャにおける柔軟な状態の検査)が、アプリケーションコンテキストの内部からでさえ生じ得る。
i)「エントリ」状態通知子(notifier)、および「継続」状態通知子と、
ii)ジェスチャ優先度指定子とが含まれる。
特定のジェスチャ構成要素(たとえば特定の接合箇所の向き)に関するデータが欠落しているが、その特定の構成要素の「最後に知られる」状態が、物理的に可能と解析され得る場合、このシステムはリアルタイムマッチングにおいて、この最後に知られる状態を使用する。
このシステムは、1つまたは複数の表示装置(「画面」)上に示された仮想空間が、システムの1つまたは複数のオペレータが存在する物理空間と一致するものとして扱われる環境を提供することができる。こうした環境の一実施形態について、ここで述べられる。この現在の実施形態は、固定位置にある、プロジェクタで駆動される3つの画面を含んでおり、単一のデスクトップコンピュータによって駆動され、本明細書で述べられたジェスチャ語彙およびインターフェースシステムを使用して制御される。しかし、任意の数の画面が、述べられる技術によってサポートされ、それらの画面が(固定されているのではなく)移動するものとすることができ、画面が、多くの独立したコンピュータによって同時に駆動されることができ、システム全体は、任意の入力装置または技術によって制御され得ることに留意されたい。
1)浸透的で自然なインターフェース技術として、ジェスチャインタフェース環境内で手を使用し、あるいは物理ポインティングツールまたはデバイスを使用する、リテラルポインティングの使用。
2)画面の動きまたは再位置決めのための自動補償。
3)たとえば奥行き知覚の向上のために視差シフトをシミュレートする、オペレータの位置によって変化するグラフィックスレンダリング。
4)実環境の位置、向き、状態などを考慮に入れた、画面表示内の物理オブジェクトの包含。たとえば、大きい半透明の画面の前に立つオペレータは、アプリケーショングラフィックスと、画面の背後のスケールモデルの真の位置の表現の両方を見ることがある(また恐らく移動し、または向きを変更している)。
制御システムからイベントデータ(現在の実施形態では、システムおよびマウス入力からのジェスチャデータとポインティングデータの両方)を取り、入力イベントからの空間データを、仮想空間内の座標にマッピングする入力イベント処理スタック。次いで、変換されたイベントは、実行アプリケーションに引き渡される。
このように、ジェスチャベースの制御システムについて述べられた。
Claims (1)
- 光学的検出器を介して受信したジェスチャ・データから身体のジェスチャを自動的に検出するステップであって、
前記身体が複数の結合を備え、
前記ジェスチャ・データが、時間及び空間の点での前記身体の瞬間的な状態についての絶対位置データであり、
該位置データが3次元空間のデータであり、
前記ジェスチャ・データを集約し、前記ジェスチャ・データのみを用いて前記ジェスチャを識別することを含む
ステップと、
前記ジェスチャを、ジェスチャ信号に変換するステップであって、
文字列によって各ジェスチャを表すジェスチャ語彙を用いることにより、前記ジェスチャの情報を変換することを含み、
前記文字列の各位置が前記複数の結合の内の特定の結合に対応し、
前記文字列の各文字は、該文字が対応する前記結合のポーズを表す、
ステップと、
前記ジェスチャ信号に応答して、コンピュータに結合されたコンポーネントを制御するステップと、
を含む方法。
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PCT/US2006/004497 WO2006086508A2 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2006-02-08 | System and method for genture based control system |
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US9606630B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
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US8830168B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
EP1851750A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
JP2008530661A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
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