JP5630751B2 - インターロイキン−2産生抑制剤 - Google Patents
インターロイキン−2産生抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5630751B2 JP5630751B2 JP2011512357A JP2011512357A JP5630751B2 JP 5630751 B2 JP5630751 B2 JP 5630751B2 JP 2011512357 A JP2011512357 A JP 2011512357A JP 2011512357 A JP2011512357 A JP 2011512357A JP 5630751 B2 JP5630751 B2 JP 5630751B2
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Description
しかし、これらの免疫抑制剤を患者に投与する場合、程度の差はあるものの常に副作用を警戒する必要がある。免疫抑制剤の種類によりその副作用も異なるがグルココルチコイドの場合、高濃度で投与すると、糖尿病、骨粗鬆症、緑内障や感染症の罹患率上昇などの副作用がある。また、CsA やFK506 は臓器移植時の拒絶反応の抑制や関節リウマチ患者における病状の進行を遅らせることなどで臨床的な効果をもたらしているが、これらの薬剤も腎機能障害や神経障害、消化器系の毒性などが臨床的に観察されており、明らかにそれらの有用性を減少させている。
今後も、従来とは作用機序の異なる薬剤、副作用の少ない薬剤の開発が待ち望まれている。
DIF-1 (differentiation-inducing factor-1)は、粘菌の柄細胞分化誘導因子として単離、同定された塩素を含む低分子化合物である。同時に単離されたDIF-3は分化誘導活性が低く、DIF-1 の分解産物であることがわかっている。
近年本発明者らは、哺乳類細胞に対する各種DIF 誘導体の薬理作用を調べ、DIF関連化合物(DIFs)に抗腫瘍活性や細胞の糖代謝を促進する活性があることを報告してきた。また、「化学構造-活性相関」の解析を行い、DIFs の有する「抗腫瘍活性」と「糖代謝促進活性」は、DIF の側鎖修飾によって分離できる可能性も示してきた(非特許文献2〜5)。
本発明はまた、前記IL-2産生抑制剤を含む免疫抑制剤に関する。
本発明はまた、IL-2産生抑制または免疫抑制のための下記式(I)〜(V)のいずれかで表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩に関する。
本発明はまた、下記式(I)〜(V)のいずれかで表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の、IL-2産生抑制または免疫抑制の製造における使用に関する。
本発明はまた、下記式(I)〜(V)のいずれかで表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を投与する工程を含むIL-2産生抑制方法または免疫抑制方法に関する。
本発明のIL-2産生抑制剤は、式(I)〜(V)のいずれかで表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を有効成分とする。
式(I)〜(V)の化合物またはその塩のIL-2産生抑制剤または免疫抑制剤中の含有量は、製剤全体の約0.01ないし約100重量%である。
式(I)〜(V)の化合物またはその塩の投与量は、IL-2産生抑制または免疫抑制に有効な量であればよく、投与対象、対象臓器、症状、投与方法などにより異なり特に制限されないが、一般的に、患者(体重60kgとして)に対して、一日につき約0.1〜100mg、好ましくは約1.0〜50mg、より好ましくは約1.0〜20mgである。
なお、本発明の免疫抑制剤はその他の薬剤と併用してもよい。
一連の実験では、Jurkat 細胞(T 細胞のモデル細胞)のin vitro 培養系を用いた。12 wellプラスチックプレートのそれぞれのwell中に、10%の牛胎児血清を含むRPMI1640培地に懸濁したJurkat細胞を1 mL(106 cells/mL)ずつ分注する。そこにvehicle (0.1% EtOH:Control)あるいはDIFs(それぞれ5μM)を加え、30分後、ConA (コンカナバリンA:25μg/mL)を添加し、3時間後のIL-2 mRNA 発現量と、12時間後のIL-2 タンパク質産生量(培地中に分泌されたIL-2量)を調べた(図2)。ポジティブコントロールとして1μM のCsAとFK506を用いた。なお、IL-2 タンパク質産生は抗IL-2抗体を用いたELISA法、IL-2 mRNA 発現はReal Time RT-PCR法により測定した。
ConAは、Jurkat細胞表面のT-cell receptorに結合し、細胞内の各種酵素活性を調節し、最終的に転写制御因子であるAP-1, NFκB, NFATを活性化することによってIL-2発現を制御していると考えられている。そこで、DIFs の作用機序を明らかにするために、AP-1, NFκB, NFAT活性に対するDIFs の効果を検討した。それぞれの因子が結合するpromoter 領域にレポーター(ルシフェレース)遺伝子をつないだベクターをJurkat 細胞に導入し、DIFs(それぞれ5 μM)の存在下、非存在下でConA で刺激後、それぞれの細胞のルシフェレース活性を測定した。さらに、TH-DIF-1, TMDIF-1, Bu-DIF-3 とCP-DIF-3を用いて、詳細な検討をした(図4)。
次に、Jurkat 細胞における(ConA 刺激による)Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNAとタンパク質発現に対するDIFsの効果を調べた。細胞を5 μM DIFs存在下で30分培養し、さらにConAを添加し3時間後のIFN-γ mRNA発現量と、12時間後のIFN-γタンパク質量(培地中に分泌されたIFN-γタンパク質量)を調べた。コントロールとして0.1% EtOH (vehicle)を、ポジティブコントロールとして1μM のCsAとFK506を用いた。なお、IFN-γタンパク質産生は抗IFN-γ抗体を用いたELISA法、IFN-γmRNA 発現はReal Time RT-PCR法により測定した。
前述のように、DIF 誘導体には、抗腫瘍活性(Kubohara, 1999; Shimizu etal. 2004; Gokan et al. 2005;etc.)と糖代謝促進活性(Omata et al. 2007; Kubohara et al. 2008)を有するものがある。そこで、DIFs の化学構造とそれらの薬理活性と本発明のIL-2 発現制御活性の相関を検討した。
まず、K562細胞、あるいは3T3-L1細胞を0.1% EtOH, 1μM CsA, 1μM FK506, あるいは5μM DIFs存在下で3日間培養後の細胞数を測定、比較した。その結果、TH-DIF-1, TM-DIF-1 は、K562 細胞や3T3-L1 細胞(正常細胞のモデル)の増殖にはほとんど影響しないこと、Bu-DIF-3, CP-DIF-3はK562 細胞の増殖をある程度阻害すること等が明らかとなった(図6A)。
また、confluent な状態の3T3-L1 細胞を、0.1% EtOH, 1μM CsA, 1μM FK506, あるいは5μM DIFs存在下で数時間培養し、細胞の糖消費量を測定した。その結果、細胞の糖代謝に対する影響は、TM-DIF-1 の活性もやや高いが、その他のDIFs の効果は程度の差はあるが総じて小さかった(図6B)。さらに、既知免疫抑制剤CsA が若干の細胞増殖抑制作用と糖代謝抑制作用を示すことも明らかとなった。
これらの結果から、既知の2つの作用機序と本発明IL-2 発現制御機序は少なくとも一部異なる可能性が示された。特に、TH-DIF-1 は高いIL-2 発現抑制活性のみが確認されており、特異的IL-2 発現抑制剤、さらには副作用の少ない免疫抑制剤の候補物質、リード化合物として特に期待できる。
Control群およびTM-DIF-1群のマウス(それぞれn = 4)に、5 mL/kgのVehicleとTM-DIF-1 (10 mg/kg)を静脈内投与し、その15分後にConA(200 μg/個体)を静脈内に投与した。
IL-2抑制のポジティブコントロールとしてFK506を用いた。FK506群のマウス(n = 4)は、FK506(50 mg/kg)を経口投与し、120分後にConA(200 μg/個体)を静脈内に投与した。
そして、Control群、TM-DIF-1群およびFK506群について、ConA刺激4時間後に全採血し、血清中のIL-2濃度を測定した。
その結果、TM-DIF-1が有意にConA刺激によるIL-2上昇を抑制した。なお、TM-DIF-1投与に伴う急性毒性やマウスの行動異常等は特に観察されなかった。
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