JP5623910B2 - ヒトパピローマウイルス感染症の治療又は予防のための複数型hpvペプチド組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
ヒトパピローマウイルス感染症の治療又は予防のための複数型hpvペプチド組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007923 virulence factor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005723 virus inoculator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051021 yellow-fever virus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940098232 yersinia enterocolitica Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
1277362163145_1
(Ureaplasma urealyticum)又はマイコプラズマ・ホミニス(Mycoplasma hominis))、スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus)、梅毒(トレポネーマ・パリダム(Treponema pallidum))などを含むが、これに限られるものではない。
[I.治療及び予防組成物]
[A.感染因子]
[B.HPVワクチン]
[1.HPVポリペプチド及びポリペプチド断片]
[2.リンカー]
[3.送達媒体]
[C.アジュバント及び他の免疫刺激性又は免疫促進性成分]
1277362163145_2
(C. parvum))、エンドトキシン、又はグラム陰性菌のリポ多糖成分の混合物、或いは、生理学的に許容可能な油溶媒(例えば、モノオレイン酸マンニド(Aracel A))中のエマルション、或いは、代用血液(block substitute)として用いられるパーフルオロカーボンの20%溶液(FLUOSOL-DA(登録商標))がまた、アジュバント効果をもたらすために用いられる。典型的なアジュバントは、不完全フロイントアジュバント(死滅したマイコバクテリウム・ツベルクローシスを含有)、不完全フロイントアジュバント、及び水酸化アルミニウムである。
1277362163145_3
(LPG)、グリコホスファチジルイノシトール(GPI)、ザイモサン、ヘマグルチニン、並びに、これらの類似体又は誘導体が含まれるが、これに限定されるものではない。さらなる態様において、TLR2アゴニストには、マイコバクテリウム・ツベルクローシス、ボレリア・ブルグドルフェリ又はトレポネーマ・パリダムに由来する細菌リポペプチド、スタフィロコッカス・アウレウスを含む諸種に由来するペプチドグリカン、ナイセリアポリン、細菌線毛、エルシニア病原性因子、CMVビリオン、麻疹ヘマグルチニン、並びに、酵母由来ザイモサンが含まれる。
[D.脂質成分及び脂質部分]
[II.ポリペプチド及びその断片の作製]
[A.ポリペプチド合成及び/又は結合]
[B.発現系]
[1.原核細胞系]
[2.酵母系]
[3.哺乳動物系又は昆虫系]
[C.単離及び精製]
[III.製剤及び投与]
[A.複合治療]
[B.予防及び/又は治療方法]
[1.インビトロ、エクスビボ、又はインビボ投与]
[2.抗体及び受動免疫]
[IV.キット]
[V.実施例]
[A.結果]
交差中和エピトープのマッピングのため、ワクチン研究用に7つのHPV16 L2ポリペプチド(表1)を6‐Hisタグを付けて大腸菌内で発現させ、アフィニティー精製した。全てのポリペプチドが容易に精製された一方で、HPV16 L2 13〜88及び89〜200は貯蔵中に不安定だった。ウサギに5回、初回接種ではCFA中、追加接種ではIFA中で、各ポリペプチドを300μg接種した。各回の接種の成功が、まずHPV16 L2全長ELISA及びHPV 16 L1/L2偽ウイルス粒子ELISAで高度免疫血清をテストすることで検証された。各HPV16 L2ポリペプチドについて高力価の血清抗体が産生していたが、L2 13〜88及び89〜200という2つの不安定抗原に対する抗血清で、HPV16偽ウイルス粒子に対する力価が低かった。次に、HPV16中和力価並びにHPV6、HPV18、HPV31、HPV45、及びHPV58交差中和力価が、L2ポリペプチドにより誘導された各ウサギ抗血清について決定された。文献の研究(Gambhira et al., 2007)と一致して、HPV16 L2 11〜200及び1〜88ペプチドは、HPV16中和抗体の強力価を誘導した。同様に、強いHPV16中和抗体力価が、HPV16 L2 13〜200、1〜107、及び13〜107に対する抗血清で観察された。HPV16 L2 89〜200の接種では、かなり弱い中和応答が生じたが、2匹のウサギのうち1匹では高いL2 ELISA力価で抗体が誘導された。様々なHPV16 L2ペプチドにより誘導されたL2特異的抗血清は、HPV16のみならず、発癌性であるHPV18、HPV31、HPV45、及びHPV58を含む、テストされた多様な異種パピローマウイルス型を中和した(表2)。しかしながら、力価とHPV16からの進化的距離との間に明確な相関はなかったものの、HPV16に対する中和抗体力価は、他の型に対するよりも有意に高かった。
L1 VLPの接種により、例えばHPV18及びHPV45等の極めて近縁なパピローマウイルス型を交差中和する抗体を誘導することができる(Smith et al., 2007; Lin et al., 1992; Richards et al., 2006)。したがって、2つ異なる濃度のGardasil(商標)(ミョウバン中に調製)の接種により生じる交差中和抗体レベルを、CFA/IFA中に調製された複数型L2タンパク質と比較することを試みた(表3)。Gardasil(商標)の接種により、このワクチンに含まれる発癌性HPVであるHPV16及びHPV18に対する高い中和抗体力価が生じた。L2融合タンパク質によりHPV16及びHPV18に対するさらに高い力価が生じているが、これは抗原量が多かったことと、より強力なアジュバントを用いたことで生じたものである。Gardasil(商標)を接種したウサギの血清は、一様に有意なレベルのHPV45中和抗体を含み、HPV31中和抗体を含むこともあるが、HPV58中和抗体力価は検出できなかった。このように、Gardasil(商標)に含まれないHPV型に対する中和抗体力価は、Gardasil(商標)接種後にはるかに低いか、散発的であるか、又は検出不能である。
マウスをHPV偽ウイルス粒子に曝露し、感染をルシフェラーゼ等のレポーターの送達により定量化できる(Gambhira et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2007)。マウスに3回、各回に2週間の間隔を置いて、残基番号17〜36、1〜88、又は11〜200を含むHPV16 L2ポリペプチド、或いは、11〜200x3、11〜88x5又は17〜36x22の3つの連結複数型L2融合タンパク質のうちの1つを、サポニン基剤のGPI‐0100アジュバントを用いて接種した(Marciani et al., 2000)。2週間後にマウスの血清を回収し、HPV16、HPV18、HPV45、HPV58(4つの一般的な発癌性HPV型)、及びHPV6(良性陰部疣贅に見られる最も一般的な型)についてインビトロ中和力価を決定した。ウサギで観察されたように、HPV16 L2 1〜88又はHPV16 L2 11〜200の接種により、同種ウイルス型であるHPV16に対する中和抗体の有意な力価が誘導された。しかしながら、HPV L2 17〜36の残基を含む合成ペプチドの接種によって、中和抗体又はL2特異的抗体(図示せず)は誘導されなかった。おそらく、かかるペプチドがこのマウス系統のTヘルパーエピトープを欠いているためであると考えられる(Alphs et al., 2008)。陽性対照であるアジュバント非在下のHPV16 L1 VLPの接種は、HPV16 L2コンストラクトよりもさらに高い力価を誘導した。対照的に、HPV45 L1 VLPの接種によってHPV16中和抗体は誘導されず、これはL1 VLPワクチンの型限定的応答と整合的である(図1)。L2 11〜88x5コンストラクトにより、HPV16 L2 1〜88よりも高いHPV16中和抗体力価が生じたが、同じことはHPV16 L2 11〜200対11〜200x3については見られなかった。17〜36x22はさらに効果が低く(図1)、これはおそらくT細胞のヘルプが弱い結果である(Alphs et al., 2008)。驚くべきことに、HPV16 L2ポリペプチドを接種したマウスにおいて観察される交差中和抗体応答は、同じワクチンを接種したウサギにおいて生じるものより弱い。しかしながら、複数型L2をHPV16 L2 11〜200及び1〜88コンストラクトと比較する場合、11〜200x3及び11〜88x5の接種は、HPV6、HPV18、HPV45、及びHPV58に対する中和抗体をはるかに効果的に誘導する(図1)。注目すべきは、11〜200x3及び11〜88x5ポリペプチドが、HPV45又はHPV58由来のいずれの配列も含まないにもかかわらず、有意な交差中和が観察された点である。
例えば、免疫活性化配列(ISS)1018、Toll様受容体9を活性化するオリゴヌクレオチド(Halperin et al., 2005; Halperin et al., 2003)、及びサポニン基剤のアジュバントGPI‐0100(Marciani et al., 2003; Slovin et al., 2005)等の、ミョウバンよりも効果的である、又はそれを補完する可能性を持つ、複数のアジュバントがワクチン臨床試験において有望であることが示された。特定のアジュバントが、複数型L2ワクチンと共に調製された際にHPV中和抗体をより効果的に誘導するかどうかを検討するため、様々なアジュバント及びそれらの組合せの中で調製された25μgの11〜200x3に対する免疫応答を突き合わせて比較した。3回目の接種の2週間後にマウスから血清を得て、HPV16、HPV18、HPV45、及びHPV58のインビトロ中和力価が測定された(図2)。インビトロ中和力価は、各アジュバント群を通して互いに著しく類似しており、この時点でミョウバン中の11〜200x3の調製物より顕著に優れた調製物は存在しなかった。
HPV16 L2ポリペプチド発現コンストラクトは、文献の記載に従いPCR法により作製された(Pastrana et al., 2005)。複数型L2コンストラクトは、最低自由エネルギー計算により大腸菌発現のためにコドン最適化され、クローニングを容易にするため5’ BamHI部位及び3’ XhoI部位と共にBlue Heron Inc.社により合成された。L2遺伝子はpET28aベクター(Novagen社製)へとサブクローニングされ、大腸菌BL21(Rosetta cells, Novagen社製)中でヘキサヒスチジン(6‐His)タグ化組換えポリペプチドを発現させた(Pastrana et al., 2005)。組換えL2ポリペプチドを、8M尿素中でニッケルニトリロ三酢酸(Ni‐NTA)カラム(Qiagen社製)に結合させることで(変性条件用のQiaExpressionist標準精製プロトコルを用いて)アフィニティー精製し、Dulbeccoのリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)に対しカセット(Pierce社製)中で透析した。純度はSDS‐PAGEにより観察され、タンパク質濃度はウシ血清アルブミン標準を用いてビシンコニン酸試験(Pierce社製)により決定された。
イモビロンプレート(Nune社製)を4℃で一晩、大腸菌内で調製された100ng/ウェルの6His‐HPV16 L2又は299TT細胞内で作製されPBSで希釈されたHPV16 L1/L2偽ウイルス粒子でコーティングした。その後ウェルを1時間室温で、1%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)‐PBSでブロッキングし、さらに1時間室温で、抗血清の2倍希釈液で培養した。PBS‐0.01%(v/v)Tween 20による洗浄工程の後、1%BSA‐PBS中で1:5000に希釈されたペルオキシダーゼ標識化ヤギ抗ウサギIgG(KPL Inc社製, Gaithersburg, MD)を1時間にわたって加えた。その後プレートを再び洗浄し、2,2’‐アジノ‐ビス(3‐エチルベンズチアゾリン‐6‐スルホン酸)溶液(Roche社製)で10分間展開した(Viscidi et al., 2005)。405nmの吸光度(A405)をELISAプレートリーダー(Bio-rad社製Benchmark Plus)で測定した。
パピローマウイルス偽ウイルス粒子インビトロ中和アッセイが文献の記載に従って行われ(Pastrana et al., 2004)、精製上清中の分泌アルカリホスファターゼ活性が、ジエタノールアミン中に溶解されたp‐ニトロフェニルリン酸(Sigma社製, St. Louis, MO)及び405nmの吸光度測定を用いて決定された。偽ウイルス粒子調製のためのコンストラクト及び詳細なプロトコルは、インターネット上(home.ccr.cancer.gov/lco/)で見ることができる。力価は、A405の50%減少を引き起こした最大希釈率の逆数として定義され、50を下回る力価は有意とみなされなかった。
実験は、Jphons Hopkins動物実験委員会、及び施設内動物倫理委員会(IAEC、インド)の承認を得て、委員会の方針にしたがって実施された。Balb/cマウス(NCI Frederick製)を5匹ごとのグループに分け、2週間の間隔で3回、記載されたアジュバント中25μgの抗原(又は化学合成により調製したHPV16 L2 17〜36ペプチド(Sigma社製))を皮下注射により接種した。最終免疫から2週間後、尾静脈採血により血液試料を得た。ウサギに対し、初回は完全フロイントアジュバント中、次回からは不完全フロイントアジュバント中、300μgのL2ポリペプチドを、1、28、42、60、及び76日目に接種した。12μg又は30μgのGARDASIL(商標)の接種は、1、21、35、及び56日目に実施した。最終追加免疫の1週間後にウサギから採血した。
麻酔したBALB/cマウスの胴体腹側の皮膚の一部分を、上皮を傷つけないように電気カミソリで剃毛した。かかる剃毛した皮膚の一部分に、0.6%カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、Sigma社製)10μl中、pYLUCを含む偽ウイルス粒子3×109(100ng)を適用することにより曝露を実施した。3日後、再度マウスを麻酔し、ルシフェリン(7mg/mlのもの10μl)を注射し、その画像をIVIS 200 生物発光画像システム(Xenogen社製、Cranbury NJ)を用いて10分間の画像を取得した。ウイルス接種部位を含む同じ大きさの領域を、Living Image 2.20ソフトウェア(Xenogen社製)を用いて分析し、L2を欠如する非感染性HPV偽ウイルスでの曝露による、バックグラウンドの生物発光を測定した。
マウスモデルにおける力価及び感染レベルのグループ間比較は、ボンフェローニ比較法を用いた一元配置ANOVAによって実施した(グラフパッドプリズム、バージョン4)。
以下の参考文献は、本明細書の記載を補完する例示的な方法又はその他の詳細を提供する範囲で、具体的に本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
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Claims (43)
- パピローマウイルスの少なくとも2つの単離体に由来する少なくとも2つのパピローマウイルスL2相同免疫原性ペプチドを含む単離ポリペプチド組成物であって、第1の免疫原性ペプチドが、パピローマウイルスの第2の単離体に由来する第2の相同免疫原性ペプチドに機能可能に結合された単離ポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが直線状に配置された、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドがリンカー部分を介して機能可能に結合された、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 融合タンパク質である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 融合タンパク質が免疫原性ペプチドと連結したペプチドリンカーを含む、請求項4に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドの複数のコピーを含む、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- パピローマウイルスが、α、β、γ、δ、ε、ζ、η、θ、ι、κ、λ、μ、ν、ξ、ο、及びπパピローマウイルスから選択されるパピローマウイルス属に属する、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- パピローマウイルスがヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- HPVが皮膚感染型HPVである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- HPVが粘膜感染型高リスクHPVである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが、HPV1、HPV2、HPV3、HPV4、HPV5、HPV6、HPV7、HPV8、HPV9、HPVl0、HPV11、HPV12、HPV13、HPV14、HPV15、 HPV16、HPV17、HPV18、HPV19、HPV20、HPV21、HPV22、HPV23、HPV24、HPV25、HPV26、HPV27、HPV28、HPV29、HPV30、HPV31、HPV32、HPV33、HPV34、HPV35、HPV36、HPV37、HPV38、HPV39、HPV40、HPV41、HPV42、HPV43、HPV44、HPV45、HPV46、HPV47、HPV48、HPV49、HPV50、HPV51、HPV52、HPV53、HPV54、HPV55、HPV56、HPV57、HPV58、HPV59、HPV60、HPV61、HPV62、HPV63、HPV64、HPV65、HPV66、HPV67、HPV68、HPV69、HPV70、HPV71、HPV72、HPV73、HPV74、HPV75、HPV76、HPV77、HPV78、HPV79、HPV80、HPV81、HPV82、HPV83、HPV84、HPV85、HPV86、HPV87、HPV88、HPV89、HPV90、HPV91、HPV92、HPV93、HPV94、HPV95、HPV96、HPV97、HPV98、HPV99、及びHPV100ポリペプチドのうちから選択される1又は2以上の免疫原性HPVペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが、HPV1、HPV2、HPV5、HPV6、HPV8、HPV11、HPV16、HPV18、HPV31、HPV33、HPV35、HPV39、HPV45、HPV51、HPV52、HPV56、HPV58、HPV59、HPV68、HPV73及びHPV82ペプチドのうちから選択される1又は2以上の免疫原性HPVペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが、HPV6、HPV16、HPV18、HPV31、HPV39、HPV51、HPV56及びHPV73ポリペプチドのうちから選択される1又は2以上の免疫原性HPVペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが、HPV1、HPV5、HPV6、HPV16、及びHPV18ポリペプチドのうちから選択される1又は2以上の免疫原性HPVペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが、HPV6、HPV16、及びHPV18ペプチドのうちから選択される1又は2以上の免疫原性HPVペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが、配列番号1のアミノ酸位置13〜45、17〜36、1〜88、11〜88、又は11〜200に相当する、請求項11に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV16 L2ペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV18 L2ペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV6 L2ペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV45 L2ペプチドである、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、又は23個以上の免疫原性ペプチドを含む、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも3つの免疫原性ペプチドを含む、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも5つの免疫原性ペプチドを含む、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも20個の免疫原性ペプチドを含む、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV16 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV18 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV6 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの免疫原性ペプチドがHPV45 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 第1の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV16 L2ペプチドであり、第2の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV18 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 第1の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV16 L2ペプチドであり、第2の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV6 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 第1の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV18 L2ペプチドであり、第2の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV6 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 第1の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV16 L2ペプチドであり、第2の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV18 L2ペプチドであり、第3の免疫原性ペプチドがHPV6 L2ペプチドである、請求項22に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 免疫原性ペプチドが配列番号71〜92、94〜106、及び110〜112から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- パピローマウイルスの少なくとも2つの単離体に由来する少なくとも2つのパピローマウイルスL2相同免疫原性ペプチドを含む単離ポリペプチド組成物であって、第1の免疫原性ペプチドが、パピローマウイルスの第2の単離体に由来する第2の相同免疫原性ペプチドに機能可能に結合され、前記L2ペプチドが、配列番号93、107、108、109、113、又は114のアミノ酸配列を含む、単離ポリペプチド組成物。
- HPV L2でないペプチドをさらに含む、請求項8に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- HPV L2でないペプチドが、HPV L1ペプチド又はHPV L1タンパク質である、請求項35に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- HPV L2でないペプチドが、Th活性化エピトープ、担体タンパク質、又はアジュバントである、請求項35に記載のポリペプチド組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物を含むキット。
- 請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物をコードする核酸。
- 請求項1に記載の単離ポリペプチド組成物を含む、パピローマウイルスに対する免疫応答の誘導用製剤。
- 免疫応答が液性免疫応答である、請求項40に記載の製剤。
- 請求項1に記載のポリペプチド組成物を含む、パピローマウイルス感染症の予防用製剤。
- 請求項1に記載の複数型ポリペプチド組成物を含むキット。
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