JP5610433B2 - 抗トリパノソーマ剤およびトリパノソーマ症治療薬 - Google Patents
抗トリパノソーマ剤およびトリパノソーマ症治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5610433B2 JP5610433B2 JP2010163039A JP2010163039A JP5610433B2 JP 5610433 B2 JP5610433 B2 JP 5610433B2 JP 2010163039 A JP2010163039 A JP 2010163039A JP 2010163039 A JP2010163039 A JP 2010163039A JP 5610433 B2 JP5610433 B2 JP 5610433B2
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
南米シャーガス病はアメリカトリパノソーマTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi)の感染により起こる疾患で、中南米で800万人以上が感染し、同地域の死因としてはマラリアを上回っている。T. cruziはサシガメとよばれる媒介昆虫の刺咬により感染し、鞭毛をもった血流型虫体(trypomastigote)が心筋や神経細胞に侵入し、細胞内型虫体(amastigote)に形態変化する(図1)。細胞内で分裂・増殖した後、再び血流型に変換し、宿主細胞を破壊して新たな細胞に侵入する。急性期では発熱などの症状がみられるが、成人では大多数が慢性期へと移行し、十数年という長い歳月の後に突然の心臓発作で亡くなる場合がある。また巨大食道、巨大結腸などの症状を引き起こす。
これまでに、いくつかのトリパノソーマ症治療薬が開発されているが、早期治療が大前提となるうえ、副作用の問題や耐性虫の出現も含め、未だ有効な治療薬・治療法は確立されていない。
一方、粘菌の生活史(図2)は非常に単純で扱いが簡単なことから、粘菌は「発生生物学・細胞生物学のモデル生物」として、各種細胞機能の研究が進められている。胞子から発芽した粘菌細胞は、単細胞アメーバとして周囲のバクテリアをエサとして増殖する。エサが無くなると、それがシグナルとなって、細胞は集合し多細胞体(10万個ほどの細胞から成る)を形成し、最終的に子実体を形成する。図2中の低分子化合物は、粘菌の発生、分化を制御している生理活性因子の一部である。
導因子、そしてその分解産物として単離された化合物であるが、本発明者らはDIF-1、DIF-3およびそれらの誘導体(以下、これらをまとめてDIF関連化合物をいうことがある)が哺乳類細胞において、腫瘍細胞増殖阻害効果、糖代謝促進効果、インターロイキン-2産生制御効果等を有することを発見した(特許文献1,2、3)。
これらの成果より、DIF関連化合物が様々な薬理活性を有することが期待されるが、トリパノソーマ原虫に対する効果は検討されていなかった。
本発明はまた、前記抗トリパノソーマ剤を含む南米シャーガス病やアフリカ睡眠病の治療薬に関する。
本発明の抗トリパノソーマ剤は、式(I)で表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を有効成分とする。
R2は炭素数5〜10の鎖状アルキルを示し、好ましくは炭素数5〜7の鎖状アルキルを示す。
Xはハロゲン(Cl、Br、Iなど)あるいは水素を示す。
式(I)の化合物またはその塩の投与量は、投与対象、対象臓器、症状、投与方法などにより異なり特に制限されないが、一般的に、患者(体重60kgとして)に対して、一日につき約0.1〜5g、好ましくは約0.1〜1g、より好ましくは約0.1〜0.5gである。
なお、本発明の抗トリパノソーマ剤はその他の薬剤と併用してもよい。
下記に示す方法で、T. cruziとHT1080細胞をEtOH (Control)、または10μMのDIF関連化合物存在下で3日間in vitro培養し、T. cruziの感染率(Infection rate)と増殖(原虫の数/ホスト細胞: Amastigotes/cell)を調べた。
↓
円形カバーガラスを入れた24穴プレートに播く
↓
37℃、5%CO2存在下で2日間培養する
↓
T. cruzi (1x106cells)を感染させる(図3の実験においてのみ、3×104 cells)
↓
DIF-1、DIF-3またはDIF-3誘導体を10μM添加する
↓
3日間培養する
↓
Diff-Quik(Sysmex社)で染色後、カバーガラスを取り出し封入する
光学顕微鏡下で感染率、細胞1個当たりの原虫数を測定する
さらに、下記の方法により、ホストHT1080細胞の増殖と細胞死(細胞毒性:LDHの放出を検出)に対するDIF誘導体のIC50とLD50をそれぞれ算定した。
[方法]
HT1080細胞(1x104ceIIs/weII)
↓
37℃、5%CO2、1日間培養
↓
DIF-3およぴ誘導体を添加
↓
37℃、5%CO2、1日間培養
↓
CytoTox-ONE(Promega社)を用いてLDH(乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ)を測定
↓
Cytotoxicity(%)を算出
次に、DIF-3とBu-DIF-3について、マウスを用いたin vivoでの抗トリパノソーマ活性の検討を行った(図7)。マウスにT. cruziを感染させ、0.1 mLの0.5%メチルセルロース溶液(Control)、あるいは0.1 mLの0.5%メチルセルロース溶液に懸濁したDIF-3あるいはBu-DIF-3を、50 mg/kgとなるよう、マウス(それぞれ4匹ずつ:n = 4)の腹腔内に投与し、14日後のマウス血中のT. cruziの数を調べた(図7A)。
Claims (4)
- 下記式(I)で表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を有効成分とする抗トリパノソーマ剤。
- 化合物が下記のいずれかの化合物またはその塩である、請求項1に記載の抗トリパノソーマ剤。
- 請求項1または2に記載の抗トリパノソーマ剤を含むトリパノソーマ症治療薬。
- トリパノソーマ症が南米シャーガス病またはアフリカ睡眠病である、請求項3に記載のトリパノソーマ症治療薬。
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