JP5596710B2 - 伸縮性化学防護材料 - Google Patents
伸縮性化学防護材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5596710B2 JP5596710B2 JP2011552916A JP2011552916A JP5596710B2 JP 5596710 B2 JP5596710 B2 JP 5596710B2 JP 2011552916 A JP2011552916 A JP 2011552916A JP 2011552916 A JP2011552916 A JP 2011552916A JP 5596710 B2 JP5596710 B2 JP 5596710B2
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- laminate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2437/00—Clothing
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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- B32B37/1284—Application of adhesive
- B32B37/1292—Application of adhesive selectively, e.g. in stripes, in patterns
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Description
剛性試験
「Standard 試験 Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Blade/スロット Method」の題名のASTM試験方法のD6828が、フィルムの剛性を測定するために用いられた。この方法は、特定のギャップ全体に渡って4"×4"の面積の平面材料を配置する工程を含み、その後は材料上のブレードにプレスをかける工程を含み、材料をギャップの中に移動させる。
「Standard 試験 Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)」の題名のASTM試験方法のD5035-06を用いて、伸縮積層体の試験サンプルの伸長度及び回復度を測定した。1"幅X6"長の試験サンプルを、試験サンプルを撓み方向に沿って切断した。伸長度を4"長のゲージを用いたInstronTM機械を用いて測定した。伸長度は力をかけたところでのゲージ長の増加の割合(%)として定義された。17.8N(4lbf)の測定値を記録した。%回復度の計算を、荷重を取り除いた後、下記に示される式を用いて実行した。
「Standard 試験 Methods for Carbon Black -Surface Area by Multipoint B. ET. Nitrogen Adsorption」の題名のASTMD4820-99を用いて、サンプルの表面積を測定した。Coulter SA3100 Series Surface Area Analyzerを用いた。
「Standard 試験 Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barriers」の題名のASTM F392-93(2004)を用いて試験をした。屈曲テスターを、40℃及び10%相対湿度で維持された環境的に制御されたチャンバーに配置をした。サンプルを10,000ストロークで屈曲した。屈曲行為はねじれの動きに続いて水平の動きから成り、このようにして繰り返し的に、積層体をねじって破砕をする。頻度は毎分45ストロークの割合である。屈曲後の損傷の程度は、本明細書で述べられる対応する化学物質浸透試験に基づいて、屈曲サンプルの化学物質の割合を測定することによって決定される。3" の直径サンプルを、浸透試験のために屈曲サンプルの中心部からカットした。
洗濯手順はウオッシュ/ドライサイクルを含んだ。それらは、フロントローディングウオッシングマシン、また「Milner Washer」として表される24"X24"サイスのサンプルで実行された。ウオッシングマシンに対する明細は、MIL-DTL 32101、段落6.11で確認される。約120°F でアイテムを乾燥することができる任意の市販のドライヤーを用いることができる。16回の洗濯のサイクル後のサンプルについて化学物質浸透試験を実施して、伸縮積層体のウオッシュ/ドライの耐久性を確認した。
初期サンプル、並びに洗濯及びGelbo屈曲サンプルの化学防護性能を決定するために、標準浸透試験方法を用いた。NFPA 1994、October 2007版を用いて、アクリロニトリル気体に対する浸透耐性を評価した。惹起濃度は350ppmであった。伸縮積層体を試験する際に、フィルム側を330D CorduraTMナイロン66布帛 (Style W330dX330d, それはGlen Raven Techniふくらはぎabrics, 1831 North Park Ave., Burlington, NC 27217から市販されている。) で積層して、アクリロニトリル気体に曝した。試験をする位置は屈曲領域の中心部を選択した。名目上0.008インチ厚みの熱可塑性ポリビニリデンフルオライド (PVDF)を含んで、1 5/8インチの外径を有して、1インチの内径を有するガスケットが各々のサンプルの繊維製品に適用されて、ガスケットが試験位置の周りの中心に来るようにした。32O°Fの熱及び圧力を90秒間適用してガスケットをサンプルに固定した。このガスケットの目的は試験用の固定治具とサンプルとの間で充分な封印を可能とすることである。試験時間は、1時間(hr)であった。浸透させるアクリロニトリルの気体を32℃50%RHで1000 ml/minのエア−量で流して、FID検出器 (VIG Industries, Inc., Anaheim, CA より市販されたModel 20)を備えた「Heated Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer」を通過させた。60分間にわたって浸透された累積的な量を報告する。
ASTM D737-04 「Standard Test Method for Air permeability of Fabrics」を利用した。125Paの圧力差を維持して、そして、布帛を通ったエアーフローの量(リットル/m2.sec)を記録した。
ボディースーツを、Measuring Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating マネキンのASTM F 2370-05の標準試験方法にしたがって試験をした。26個のセンサーを用いて、頭, 胸, 背中、腹, 尻、左右両方の上腕, 下腕、手, もも、ふくらはぎ及び足の部分のマネキン表面温度を測定して制御をした。等温(8.1.1 )及び非等温 (8.1.2) の両方の条件下で、試験手順8.6のMeasurement Option 1 (マネキン電力消費の測定)を用いて、シミュレートした環境条件の範囲にわたって熱損失の値が得られた。
1.頭、手及び足については、全体の電力消費の測定及び計算から除外をした。これらの領域は発汗する皮膚によって覆われていないのでボディースーツを評価していない。
2.45℃、15%相対湿度の非等温の環境条件に対して、マネキン表面温度を37℃に設定して制御した。
3.これらの試験に対しては蒸発耐性を記録していない。代わりに、計算9.1で述べられるように、発汗領域に対して必要とされる電力、Heとして測定をした。この値は、1.43m2の発汗マネキンの表面積を補正してWatts/meter2(W/m2)として報告される。
Loudness測定のためのISO標準を用いて、サンプルのノイズを決定した。音の大きさ(ソーン)の計算のためにISO532-1975(E)にしたがった。
水蒸気透過率(MVTRs)を、U.S. Pat. No.4,862,730号で述べられている手順を用いて決定した。その手順は、塩としてカリウムアセテートと、耐水性の水蒸気浸透性膜として、開口孔のePTFEとを用いた。これらの膜は、名目上、75%〜80%の多孔度を有して0.2umの平均多孔サイズを有し、およそ0.04mmの厚みを有する。環境は50%の相対湿度で維持した。水浴を23±0.5℃で維持した。試験開始前に、約15分間、塩(ソルト)カップを上部に置いて水浴上でサンプルを調整した。測定中、積層体のニット面を水浴に向けた。MVTRをg/m2/day単位で報告する。
選択的浸透性フィルム
実施例で用いられた選択的浸透性ポリマーコンポジット(SP)フィルムを、共同所有しているMaplesのU.S. Pat.No.6,395,383号の実施例2に実質的にしたがって作製をし、U.S. Pat.No.6,395,383号は、引用によって本明細書に完全に援用される。
約1.8oz/yd2の質量を有する、Milliken Co. Spartanburg, SC (Style #247579)による、トリコットニットを含有するライクラを用いて、伸縮性化学防護積層体を作製した。ニットは、本明細書で述べられる方法にしたがって試験をすると、17.8N(4lbf)で約100%の伸長度を有して、95%を超える回復度を有した。
様々なドット間隔及び接着剤被覆率を有するグラビアロールを、積層の試作をする上で用いた。それらの特性を表2に示す。
次の接着剤を、SPフィルムA、B及びPU被覆ePTFEフィルムを繊維製品に積層するために用いられた。
伸縮繊維製品、フィルム (PU被覆ePTFE、SPフィルム又はSPフィルムB)及び水分硬化接着剤を含む積層体のサンプルを次のように調製をした。
本明細書で述べられる手順にしたがって、実施例5及び7の伸縮積層体の水蒸気浸透速度(MVTR)を測定した。その値は、それぞれ約5930及び約5470g/m2/dayであった。
ボディースーツは、実施例8に実質的にしたがって形成された伸縮性化学防護積層体から構成された。ボディースーツ(図 5)は、マネキンの胴及び腕を覆うロングスリーブトップと、マネキンの足を覆うボトムとを含むツーピーススーツとして形成された。Heat Loss Measurementについて、本明細書で述べられる試験にしたがって、保温性であって、発汗性であって、かつ、歩行するマネキンを用いてボディースーツの熱損失の試験を行った。2m/secの風速を使用した。
1)図5で示されるそのもののボディースーツは実施例8の伸縮積層体から構成された。ボディースーツは、積層体のニット面が着用者の体に面するように構成された。
2)上記1)のようなボディースーツであって、BDU.COM,1065 Executive Parkway Drive STE 201, St. Louise, MO 63141から市販されている、 両方ともUniversal Camo Pattern である、 Nylon/Cotton Ripstop ACU Coat (パーツナンバー F545921394)及びNylon/Cotton Ripstop ACU Pants(パーツナンバー F520921394)から成る陸軍戦闘服(ACU)を、図6で示されるようにそのボディースーツの上に着用した、ボディースーツ。
3)上記1)のようなボディースーツであって、ACUと同様なデザインを有するが、約4.5oz/yd2 330D CorduraTMナイロン66布帛(Glen Raven Technical Fabrics, 1831 North Park Ave., Burlington, NC 27217から市販されている、Style W330dX330d)から作製された戦闘服をボディースーツの上に着用した(図6)、ボディースーツ。
本明細書で述べられる手順にしたがって、実施例10の伸縮性化学防護積層体について、洗濯後のHDの浸透性の試験を行った。結果を表5に示す。
本明細書で述べられるGelbo屈曲試験方法を用いて、実施例9の伸縮性化学防護積層体及び比較例の非伸縮積層体について屈曲耐久性の試験を行った。弾性ニットが積層前にプレ屈曲されないことを除いて、実施例9と同様に非伸縮積層体を調製した。環境条件は約 45℃及び約10%RHであった。本明細書で述べられる手順を用いて、屈曲されたサンプルについてアクリロニトリル及びマスタードガス(HD)を使用した浸透性能の試験を行った。結果を表6に示す。
ニットが積層前にプレ屈曲されないことを除いて、実施例10で述べられたグラビア仕様書と積層の手順を用いて、非伸縮積層体を作製した。結果として得られた積層体は、伸縮特性を有さなかった。
Claims (34)
- 化学防護積層体のASTM F392-93(2004)に基づくGelbo屈曲試験で10,000回の屈曲後の化学物質(マスタードガス(HD))浸透性を、少なくとも25パーセントの割合で軽減する方法であって、
該軽減する方法が、Test Operating Procedure (TOP) 8-2-501 January 2002版に基づく20μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有する化学防護積層体を形成する工程を含み、
該形成する工程が、
ASTM試験方法のD6828に基づく約20g超の剛性度を有する選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムと、弾性繊維製品とを用意する工程と、
該選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムに、400μm超のドット間隔で接着剤を適用する工程と、
該弾性繊維製品をプレ伸縮する工程と、
該選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムと該弾性繊維製品とを積層して、ASTM試験方法のD5035-06に基づく17.8N(4lbf)で約50%超の伸長度を有する該化学防護積層体を形成する工程と、
を含み、
該化学防護積層体のHDの浸透性が、該弾性繊維製品をプレ伸縮する工程を経由しないことを除いて上記と同じ工程で作製された積層体のHDの浸透性よりも、少なくとも25パーセントの割合で少なく、
該化学防護積層体が、1000g/m 2 /day超のMVTRを有し、且つ、6μg/cm 2 未満のアクリロニトリルの浸透率を有するか、20μg/cm 2 未満のHD浸透率を有するか、又は両方を有し、且つ20g以上の剛性を有する、
方法。 - 40℃10%RHで、かつ、Gelbo屈曲試験で10,000回の屈曲後で、20μg/cm2未満のマスタードガス(HD)の浸透性を有する請求項1に記載の方法で処理された伸縮性化学防護積層体を含む耐久性化学防護材料であって、
該伸縮性化学防護積層体が、
選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムと、
接着剤によって該選択的浸透性フィルムに接合される弾性繊維製品と、
を含み、
該伸縮性化学防護積層体が、17.8N(4lbf)で約50%超の伸長度を有し、80%超の回復度を有し、かつ、1000g/m2/day超のMVTRを有する、
耐久性化学防護材料。 - 前記選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムがポリアミンポリマーを含む、請求項2に記載の耐久性化学防護材料。
- 前記選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムが少なくとも1つの多孔性支持層を含む、請求項3に記載の耐久性化学防護材料。
- 前記ポリアミンポリマーが前記少なくとも1つの多孔性支持層中に少なくとも部分的に存在する、請求項3に記載の耐久性化学防護材料。
- 前記少なくとも1つの多孔性支持層が延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)を含む、請求項4に記載の耐久性化学防護材料。
- 前記選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムが20g超の剛性度を有する、請求項2に記載の耐久性化学防護材料。
- 体にフィットするボディースーツを含む低熱ストレス化学防護スーツであって、
該ボディースーツが、20μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有する請求項1に記載の方法で処理された伸縮性化学防護積層体を含み、
該伸縮性化学防護積層体が、接着剤によって接合される、選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムと弾性繊維製品とを含み、
該低熱ストレス化学防護スーツの熱損失が35℃及び60%RHで100W/m2超である、
低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。 - 前記低熱ストレス化学防護スーツの熱損失が35℃及び60%RHで125W/m2超である、請求項8に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- 前記低熱ストレス化学防護スーツの熱損失が35℃及び60%RHで140W/m2超である、請求項8に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- 前記選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムが20g超の剛性度を有する、請求項8に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- 前記選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムが50m2/g未満のBETを有する、請求項8に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- 前記接着剤が400μm超の間隔で非連続的に適用される、請求項8に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- ASTM試験方法のD6828に基づく20g超の剛性度を有する化学防護フィルムと、
弾性繊維製品と、
約400μm超のドット間隔を有して、該化学防護フィルムと該弾性繊維製品とを接合させる非連続的な接着剤と、
を含む、伸縮性積層体であって、
ASTM試験方法のD5035-06に基づく17.8N(4lbf)で、該伸縮性積層体の伸長度が約50%超であり、
該伸縮性積層体が、1000g/m 2 /day超のMVTRを有し、且つ、6μg/cm 2 未満のアクリロニトリルの浸透率を有するか、Test Operating Procedure (TOP) 8-2-501 January 2002版に基づく20μg/cm 2 未満のHD浸透率を有するか、又は両方を有し、且つ20g以上の剛性を有する、
伸縮性積層体。 - 前記化学防護フィルムが30g超の剛性度を有する、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記化学防護フィルムが50g超の剛性度を有する、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記化学防護フィルムが60g超の剛性度を有する、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記伸縮性積層体の伸長度が、17.8N(4lbf)で約60%超である、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記化学防護積層体が約1000g/m2/day超のMVTRを有する、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記ドット間隔が約800μm超であり、17.8N(4lbf)で前記伸長度が約70%超である、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記ドット間隔が約1500μm超であり、17.8N(4lbf)で前記伸長度が約100%超である、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- 前記伸縮性積層体が20μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有する、請求項14に記載の伸縮性積層体。
- ASTM試験方法のD6828に基づく20g超の剛性度を有する通気性化学防護フィルムと、
弾性繊維製品と、
該通気性化学防護フィルム上に400μm超のドット間隔を有する不連続パターンで適用されて、該化学防護フィルムと該弾性繊維製品とを接合させる接着剤と、
を含む、耐久性化学防護伸縮積層体であって、
該耐久性伸縮性積層体が、ASTM F392-93(2004)に基づくGelbo屈曲試験で10,000回の屈曲後でTest Operating Procedure (TOP) 8-2-501 January 2002版に基づく20μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有し、
該耐久性化学防護伸縮積層体が、1000g/m 2 /day超のMVTRを有し、且つ、6μg/cm 2 未満のアクリロニトリルの浸透率を有するか、20μg/cm 2 未満のHD浸透率を有するか、又は両方を有し、且つ20g以上の剛性を有する、
耐久性化学防護伸縮積層体。 - Gelbo試験で10,000回の屈曲後で約4μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有する、請求項23に記載の耐久性化学防護伸縮積層体。
- Gelbo試験で10,000回の屈曲後で約3.0μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有する、請求項23に記載の耐久性化学防護伸縮積層体。
- Gelbo試験で10,000回の屈曲後で約2.0μg/cm2未満のHDの浸透性を有する、請求項23に記載の耐久性化学防護伸縮積層体。
- 約20g超の剛性度の選択的浸透性フィルムを有する伸縮性化学防護材料を作製する方法であって、
該方法が、
ASTM試験方法のD6828に基づく約20g超の剛性度を有する選択的浸透性フィルムを用意する工程と、
弾性繊維製品を用意する工程と、
該弾性繊維製品を伸縮する工程と、
該選択的浸透性フィルムに接着剤をプリントする工程と、
該選択的浸透性フィルムを該伸縮弾性繊維製品に接着させて、ASTM試験方法のD5035-06に基づく17.8N(4lbf)で50%超の平均伸長度を有する伸縮性化学防護材料を形成する工程と、
を含み、
該化学防護材料が1000g/m 2 /day超のMVTRを有し、且つ、6μg/cm 2 未満のアクリロニトリルの浸透率を有するか、Test Operating Procedure (TOP) 8-2-501 January 2002版に基づく20μg/cm 2 未満のHD浸透率を有するか、又は両方を有し、且つ20g以上の剛性を有する方法。 - 前記接着剤が不連続なドットパターンでプリントされる、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤のドットの間隔が約400μm超である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤のドットの間隔が約600μm超である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 化学防護積層体のノイズを、少なくとも25パーセントの割合で軽減する請求項1に記載の方法であって、
該軽減する方法が、20μg/cm2未満のHD浸透性を有する化学防護積層体を形成する工程を含み、
該形成する工程が、
約20g超の剛性度を有する選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムと、弾性繊維製品とを用意する工程と、
該選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムに、400μm超のドット間隔で接着剤を適用する工程と、
該弾性繊維製品をプレ伸縮する工程と、
該選択的浸透性化学防護フィルムと該弾性繊維製品とを積層して、17.8N(4lbf)で約50%超の伸長度を有する該化学防護積層体を形成する工程と、
を含み、
該化学防護積層体のノイズ測定値が、該弾性繊維製品をプレ伸縮する工程を経由しないで作製された同じ積層体のノイズ測定値よりも、少なくとも約25パーセントの割合で少ない、
方法。 - 前記ボディースーツ上に外側の衣服を更に含む、請求項8に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- 45℃及び15%RHで150W/m2超の熱損失を有する、請求項32に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
- 45℃及び15%RHで200W/m2超の熱損失を有する、請求項32に記載の低熱ストレス化学防護スーツ。
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