JP5594424B1 - Greening system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening system that is lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, workability and treading pressure durability.
[Solution]
The greening system 1 is a greening system installed on the upper surface 10 of a structure, and a plurality of hollow frustum-shaped convex portions 27 having a height of 3 to 13 mm with drainage layers 21 regularly arranged at intervals of 1 to 5 mm. Rock wool having a water-impervious sheet having a dry density of 70 to 190 kg / m ^{3 in which} the water-conducting layer 22 is composed of a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 100 to 300 g / m ² The thickness of the planting soil layer 24 is 1 to 30 mm, the interval between the irrigation tubes 40 is 1.5 to 6 m, and the weight during water retention is 45 to 60 kg / m ² . Such a greening system 1 is lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, workability, and treading pressure durability.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a greening system.

  In recent years, greening systems have been provided in many buildings from the viewpoints of creating greenery in urban areas and the like and alleviating the heat island phenomenon. As one of such greening systems, there is known a greening system in which plants such as natural turf are planted on the rooftop, veranda or terrace of a building.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 listed below disclose a greening system in which rock wool is laid as a water retaining layer for retaining moisture under a planting soil layer.

JP 2009-39079 A JP 2005-137368 A

  As a result of diligent research, the inventors have increased the density of rock wool (density during drying) for the water-retaining layer, and adjusted the dimensions and physical properties of the other components, thereby reducing the weight and water retention. We learned that a greening system with excellent durability, workability and pedaling durability could be obtained.

  However, in a greening system having high water retention, there is a possibility that sufficient drainage may not be obtained, and when drainage is not sufficient, problems such as hindering the growth of plants occur.

  Therefore, the inventors have further researched on drainage, and have found a greening system that is excellent not only in water retention but also in drainage.

  That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a greening system that is lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, workability, and treading pressure durability.

A greening system according to an aspect of the present invention is a greening system installed on an upper surface of a structure, and a stacked layer in which a drainage layer, a water conveyance layer, a water retention layer, and a planting soil layer are stacked in this order on the upper surface of the structure. Body and one or a plurality of irrigation pipes provided in the water retention layer in a manner capable of supplying water to the water retention layer of the laminate and extending in a direction orthogonal to the lamination direction of the laminate. It is composed of a water-impervious sheet that protrudes upward along the stacking direction and has a plurality of hollow frustum-shaped convex portions with a height of 3 to 13 mm that are regularly arranged at intervals of 1 to 5 mm. It is comprised with the nonwoven fabric which has a fabric weight of 100-300 g / m < ² >, the water retention layer is comprised with the rock wool which has a density at the time of drying of 70-190 kg / m < ³ >, and the thickness of the planting soil layer is 1- 30mm and one side of the water retention layer when there is one irrigation tube The distance between the parts is 1.5～6M, spacing irrigation tube adjacent If irrigation tube of the plurality of are 1.5～6M, water retention at a weight of 45~60kg / ^{m 2.}

In the said greening system, the rock wool which comprises the water retention layer of a laminated body has a density at the time of drying of 70-190 kg / m < ³ >. On top of that, the drainage layer, water conveyance layer and planting soil layer of the laminate and the irrigation pipe are designed as described above. In this case, a greening system that is lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, workability, and treading pressure durability can be obtained.

  The laminated body further includes a frame member surrounding the periphery of the laminated body, and the frame member is bent at a right angle from the side wall portion facing the side surface of the water retention layer and the upper end of the side wall portion toward the laminated body side. The aspect which has a collar part extended to the position which covers canopy, and the hanging part extended so that it may be bent below from the edge part by the side of the laminated body of a collar part may be sufficient. In this case, the hanging part of the frame member can be in contact with the upper surface of the water retention layer, and the water retention layer can be prevented from rising. Moreover, since a frame member has a collar part and a hanging part in addition to a side wall part, rigidity is improved compared with the case where a frame member consists only of a side wall part.

  Moreover, the aspect which has the water gradient of 1-2% may be sufficient as the upper surface of the said structure. In this case, a force in the direction of the water gradient acts on the moisture contained in the laminate, and the water is drained in that direction.

  In addition, the upper surface of the structure has a water gradient of 1 to 2%, the drainage layer is bent so that the end of the structure on the lower side of the structure is overlapped with the side wall of the frame member, and extends upward. The aspect located in the height higher than the upper surface of may be sufficient. In this case, since the entire side surface of the water retention layer is covered with the drainage layer having a root prevention function on the lower side of the gradient of the structure, the roots pass through the side surface of the water retention layer and extend downward along the frame member. Intrusion into the back surface of the layer can be prevented.

  Moreover, the aspect provided with the hole extended through both a drainage layer and a side wall part in the part where the drainage layer and the side wall part of a frame member overlap in the vicinity of the part where a drainage layer bends may be sufficient. In this case, from the outside of the frame member, the state of the laminate (for example, the root growth state) can be observed through the hole.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the greening system which is lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, construction property, and treading pressure durability is provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a greening system according to an embodiment. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway view showing the drainage layer and the water guide layer. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the lower frame member of the water gradient. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of a laying mode of a drainage layer sheet. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of the laying mode of the nonwoven fabric of the water guide layer. FIG. 7 is a table showing characteristics of each greening system according to the example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same or equivalent element, and the description is abbreviate | omitted when description overlaps.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the greening system 1 according to the embodiment is installed on an upper surface 10 of a structure.

  The top surface 10 of the structure is, for example, a rooftop. However, the upper surface 10 of the structure is not limited to the rooftop but may be a veranda or terrace of a structure, a road, a parking lot, or the like.

  In the present embodiment, the upper surface 10 of the structure has a gradient (water gradient) applied so that water flows, and the water gradient is in the range of 7% or less, for example, 1 to 2%.

  In the following description, the normal direction of the upper surface 10 of the structure is the Z direction, the direction parallel to the upper surface 10 of the structure and the direction of the water gradient (water gradient direction) is the X direction, and the upper surface 10 of the structure. A parallel direction and a direction orthogonal to the X direction is referred to as a Y direction.

  The greening system 1 includes a stacked body 20, a frame member 30 that surrounds the periphery of the stacked body 20, and an irrigation tube 40 disposed inside the stacked body 20.

  The laminated body 20 has a laminated structure in which a drainage layer 21, a water guiding layer 22, a water retention layer 23, and a planting soil layer 24 are laminated. Specifically, a drainage layer 21, a water conveyance layer 22, a water retention layer 23, and a planting soil layer 24 are laminated on the upper surface 10 of the structure along the normal direction (Z direction) of the upper surface 10 of the structure in this order. A laminate 20 is configured. That is, the drainage layer 21 is laminated on the upper surface 10 of the structure, the water conveyance layer 22 is laminated on the upper surface of the drainage layer 21, the water retention layer 23 is laminated on the upper surface of the water conveyance layer 22, and the planting soil layer 24 is the water retention layer 23. Laminated on the top surface.

  The drainage layer 21 is composed of a water-impervious sheet and has an uneven shape as shown in FIG. That is, the drainage layer 21 is composed of a sheet having a thin film-like sheet portion 26 and a plurality of convex portions 27 projecting from the upper surface thereof. As the sheet material, a synthetic resin (for example, polypropylene) is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and availability. The uneven shape can be obtained, for example, by pressing a thin film sheet.

  The drainage layer 21 has a drainage function for discharging excess moisture of the laminated body 20 in the water gradient direction, and the moisture that has fallen from the water guide layer 22 flows along the water gradient direction through between the convex portions 27. The drainage layer 21 also has a root-preventing / water-blocking function that prevents roots and water from entering the upper surface 10 of the structure.

  Each convex portion 27 has a hollow frustum shape extending upward along the Z direction (the stacking direction of the stacked body 20), and is designed to have the same shape and the same dimensions. More specifically, each convex part 27 has a hollow truncated cone shape in which the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the Z direction is annular. However, the convex portion 27 is not limited to a hollow truncated cone shape, and may be a hollow truncated pyramid shape (for example, a hollow quadrangular truncated cone shape) or the like. Regarding the dimensions of the convex portion 27, the symbol H in FIG. 3 indicates the height of the convex portion, the symbol D1 indicates the lower base diameter of the convex portion, and the symbol D2 indicates the upper base diameter of the convex portion. The height H is designed in the range of 3 to 13 mm. Further, the lower base diameter D1 is designed in a range of 3 to 16 mm, and the upper base diameter D2 is designed in a range of 2 to 4 mm.

  The plurality of convex portions 27 are regularly arranged as shown in FIG. For example, a regular arrangement in which the row of convex portions 27 arranged at equal intervals P and the adjacent row of convex portions 27 arranged at equal intervals P are shifted by ½P can be adopted. An interval P between adjacent convex portions 27 (an interval on the upper surface of the sheet portion 26) is designed in a range of 1 to 5 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the drainage layer 21 is fixed to the upper surface 10 of the structure by the fastener 12 such as a nail in the seat portion 26. The thickness of the sheet part 26 is designed in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, for example.

The water guide layer 22 is made of a nonwoven fabric, and is supported by the plurality of convex portions 27 described above on the drainage layer 21. As the non-woven fabric of the water guide layer 22, a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 mm and a basis weight of 100 to 300 g / m ² is allowed to pass through moisture and plant roots but not the soil particles of the planting soil layer 24. Adopted. As a material for the nonwoven fabric, a synthetic resin is preferable in terms of cost and availability.

  The water retaining layer 23 is made of rock wool that functions as a culture medium. Rock wool is formed by irregularly intertwining mineral fibers, and can retain a large amount of moisture in the gaps between the fibers. Therefore, the rock wool is against the plant of the planting soil layer 24 arranged on the water retention layer 23. Can be rehydrated.

The rock wool of the water retention layer 23 has a rectangular plate shape as shown in FIG. 1, and the water retention layer 23 is formed by laying a plurality of rock wools without gaps. The rock wool of the water retaining layer 23 has a thickness in the range of 25 to 45 mm, for example, and a dry density in the range of 70 to 190 kg / m ³ . In addition, the density at the time of drying is a density after drying rock wool under a temperature condition of 100 ° C. for 24 hours. When the density and dimensions of the rock wool change, the water retention capacity, weight, and strength of the water retention layer 23 change accordingly. The rock wool of the water retaining layer 23 is dried in a range of 110 to 190 kg / m ³ from the viewpoint of realizing a greening system having superior treading pressure durability in addition to lightness, water retention, drainage, and workability. It is preferable to have a density.

  The planting soil layer 24 is, for example, a rectangular turf mat, and is formed by laying a plurality of turf mats without gaps as shown in FIG. The thickness of the planting soil layer 24 is in the range of 1 to 30 mm. The plant planted in the planting soil layer 24 can employ tamariu, hynes, herbs, etc. in addition to turf, but turf is preferred from the viewpoint of cost. In addition, the installation dimension of the planting soil layer 24 is designed to be slightly smaller than the installation dimension of the water retention layer 23, and the upper surface 23 b is exposed at the end of the water retention layer 23.

  The frame member 30 is a member (so-called parting material) that surrounds the entire circumference of the laminated body 20, and is provided along the four sides of the laminated body 20 formed in a quadrangular shape. The frame member 30 can be configured by connecting a plurality of frame parts. In this case, a corner cap 38 and a joint 39 for connecting the parts together are used.

  The frame member 30 is formed by bending a steel plate (high weather resistance steel plate), for example, and has a cross section as shown in FIG. Specifically, the frame member 30 includes a side wall portion 31, a bottom surface portion 32, a flange portion 33, and a hanging portion 34.

  The side wall portion 31 is a portion extending along the Z direction so as to face the side surface 23a of the water retention layer 23 of the laminate 20 described above. The height of the side wall portion 31 (that is, the height of the frame member 30) is, for example, 60 to 100 mm.

  The bottom surface portion 32 is a portion that extends in parallel to the top surface 10 of the structure from the lower end of the side wall portion 31. The bottom surface portion 32 is provided by bending the lower end of the side wall portion 31 at a right angle. The bottom surface portion 32 extends to the side of the stacked body 20 (left side in FIG. 4) and is interposed between the end of the stacked body 20 and the top surface 10 of the structure.

  The collar portion 33 is a portion extending in parallel with the upper surface 10 of the structure from the upper end of the side wall portion 31. The flange portion 33 is provided by bending the upper end of the side wall portion 31 at a right angle. The eaves part 33 extends to the laminated body 20 side (left side in FIG. 4) and extends to a position that covers (superimposes) the upper surface 23 b of the water retention layer 23 exposed from the planting soil layer 24. The length of the flange 33 is, for example, 10 to 30 mm. When the ridge 33 is provided, the laying dimension of the planting soil layer 24 is designed to be smaller than the laying dimension of the water retention layer 23 by substantially the same length as the ridge 33, and the upper surface of the end of the water retention layer 23 is the upper surface. 23b is exposed.

  The drooping portion 34 is a portion extending downward (downward in the Z direction) from the end portion (left end portion in FIG. 4) of the flange portion 33 on the stacked body 20 side. The hanging part 34 is provided by bending the end part of the flange part 33 on the laminated body 20 side at a right angle. The lower end of the hanging part 34 is in contact with the upper surface 23 b of the water retention layer 23. In addition, the lower end of the hanging part 34 does not necessarily need to contact the upper surface 23b of the water retaining layer 23, and there is a gap of a predetermined length between the lower end of the hanging part 34 and the upper surface 23b of the water retaining layer 23 as appropriate. Also good. The length of the hanging part 34 is, for example, 10 to 50 mm.

  Thus, the laminated body 20 is disposed so that the water retention layer 23 is sandwiched between the upper surface of the bottom surface portion 32 of the frame member 30 and the lower end of the hanging portion 34. Such an arrangement is realized by inserting the water retaining layer 23 into a gap between the upper surface of the bottom surface portion 32 of the frame member 30 and the lower end of the hanging portion 34.

  As described above, the frame member 30 surrounding the laminate 20 includes the side wall portion 31, the flange portion 33, and the hanging portion 34, so that the hanging portion 34 comes into contact with the upper surface 23 b of the water retention layer 23, The situation where the layer 23 is lifted by wind or the like can be suppressed. Further, since the frame member 30 includes the flange portion 33 and the hanging portion 34 in addition to the side wall portion 31, the frame member 30 has high rigidity as compared with the case where the frame member 30 includes only the side wall portion 31.

  Here, the laying aspect of the sheet of the drainage layer 21 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

  The drainage layer 21 can be formed by adding a plurality of sheets as required, such as a large installation area. When adding a plurality of sheets, in order to prevent water leakage, the sheets are overlapped by a predetermined overlap margin L1 (for example, 50 to 150 mm) and then bonded with an adhesive. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 5, construction is sequentially performed in the direction opposite to the water gradient direction (rightward in the X direction) (leftward in the X direction) to prevent water from entering the seam of the sheet. Here, since the convex portion 27 has a hollow frustum shape, when the sheets are stacked, the sheets may be stacked such that the convex portion 27 of the upper sheet and the convex portion 27 of the lower sheet are fitted to each other. This makes it easy to align the sheet, and prevents displacement of the sheet in the surface direction.

  And the sheet | seat edge part of the water gradient direction lower side (gradient lower side, the right side of FIG. 5) of the drainage layer 21 is laid so that it may bend and extend so that it may overlap with the side wall part 31 of the frame member 30. The sheet end reaches a height higher than the upper surface 23 b of the water retention layer 23. That is, the entire surface of the side surface 23a of the water retention layer 23 is covered with the sheet of the drainage layer 21 on the lower side of the gradient, and the situation in which saturated water flows out from the side surface 23a of the water retention layer 23 in the water gradient direction is suppressed. .

  A hole 36 extending through both the drainage layer 21 and the side wall portion 31 is formed in a portion where the drainage layer 21 and the side wall portion 31 of the frame member 30 overlap in the vicinity of a portion (corner portion) where the drainage layer 21 is bent. Is provided. That is, the hole 36 is composed of the hole 21a of the drainage layer 21 and the hole 31a of the side wall portion 31, and these holes 21a and 31a are coaxial and have substantially the same diameter. For example, at the time of construction or maintenance, the state of the laminated body 20 (for example, the root growth state) can be observed from the outside of the frame member 30 through the hole 36. Further, the water inside the frame member 30 can be discharged from the hole 36 as necessary.

  On the other hand, on the upper side of the drainage layer 21 in the water gradient direction (upper gradient side, left side in FIG. 5) and the side opposite to the direction of the water gradient direction (upper side and lower side in FIG. 5), the sheet end portion is the frame member 30. The side wall portion 31 of the structure is not reached and is parallel to the upper surface 10 of the structure.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the nonwoven fabric of the water guide layer 22 can be formed by adding a plurality of nonwoven fabrics as necessary, such as a large laying area. When adding a plurality of non-woven fabrics, a plurality of non-woven fabrics extending parallel to the water gradient direction are overlapped by a predetermined overlap margin L2 (for example, 10 to 100 mm). Regarding the water guide layer 22, the end of the nonwoven fabric does not reach the side wall 31 of the frame member 30 on either side, and is parallel to the upper surface 10 of the structure.

  The greening system 1 described above further includes a plurality of irrigation tubes 40. The irrigation tube 40 is, for example, a pipe having a diameter in the range of 8 to 20 mm. The irrigation pipe 40 extends from a water supply tank or a faucet (not shown), and supplies water to the water retention layer 23 when water necessary for planting is insufficient, such as when the amount of rainfall is small.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of irrigation tubes 40 includes an irrigation tube extending in the water gradient direction (X direction) and an irrigation tube extending in a direction orthogonal to the water gradient direction (Y direction). It connects so that water may distribute | circulate in the mutually orthogonal location.

  As shown in FIG. 2, each irrigation tube 40 is disposed in a V-groove provided on the upper surface of the water retention layer 23. A water supply port (not shown) is provided on the peripheral surface of each irrigation tube 40, and water is supplied from the irrigation tube 40 to the water retention layer 23 through the water supply port.

  In the aspect shown in FIG. 1, the two irrigation pipes 40 extending in parallel to the Y direction are designed in a range of 1.5 to 6 m. In addition, when there is no irrigation pipe extending in the same direction, such as the irrigation pipe 40 extending in the X direction, the side end portion of the stacked body 20 that extends in parallel with the irrigation pipe 40 is not an interval between the irrigation pipes. Is designed to be in the range of 1.5 to 6 m.

  The irrigation pipe 40 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 so as to be arranged in the V-groove provided on the upper surface 23b of the water retention layer 23. However, the arrangement of the irrigation pipe 40 is not limited to this mode and can be changed as appropriate. Is possible. For example, the irrigation pipe 40 may be arranged so that the water retention layer 23 is not provided with a groove and is in contact with the upper surface and the lower surface of the water retention layer. Moreover, the aspect which provides the through-hole along the extension direction of the irrigation pipe | tube 40 in the inside of the water retention layer 23, and makes the irrigation pipe | tube 40 penetrate in the through-hole may be sufficient.

In the greening system 1 mentioned above, it is possible to design the weight at the time of water retention in the range of 45-60 kg / m < ² >. The weight at the time of water retention is the weight of the greening system 1 at the time when 24 hours have elapsed since the water supply was stopped until the water retention layer 23 was saturated and then the water supply was stopped. Article 85 (Loading Load) of the Building Standards Law Enforcement Ordinance conforms to the case where the room type is “Rooftop Square or Balcony”, which is “Residential Room, Bedroom or Hospital Room in a Building Other than a House” However, it is determined that the structural calculation is performed at a load of 600 N or more. Further, the types of other rooms are determined so that the structural calculation is performed at 600N or more, such as 800N and 1600N. Therefore, by designing the water retention load of the greening system 1 to 600 N or less (approximately 60 kg / m ² or less), the greening system 1 can be constructed on the upper surface of any structure.

  The greening system 1 described above is lightweight as described above, and has high water retention, drainage, workability, and tread pressure durability.

  Hereinafter, with reference to the table of FIG. 7, examples of the above-described greening system and comparative examples will be shown, and each characteristic of the greening system 1 will be described.

In the table of FIG. 7, “height H (mm) of the convex portion 27” and “interval P (mm) of the convex portion 27” in the drainage layer 21 and “nonwoven fabric basis weight (g / m ² )” in the water guiding layer 22 are shown. A greening system in which “the density of rock wool when dried (kg / m ² )” and “the interval between irrigation pipes (m)” in the water retaining layer 23 and “the thickness (mm)” in the planted soil layer 24 are different (Examples) 1, 2, and Comparative Examples 1 to 11), “Total weight (kg / m ² ) per unit area (1 m ² ) of greening system during water retention”, “Plant growth”, “Treading pressure durability” and “ The result of evaluating "workability" is shown.

Here, “plant growth” is a characteristic related to water retention and drainage, and that a plant grows well means having good water retention and drainage. “Treading pressure durability” is a characteristic relating to the strength of the greening system in the stacking direction (Z direction), and means that a greening system in which no depression occurs when a stepping pressure is applied has high pedaling pressure durability. In the table of FIG. 7, the stepping pressure durability “◎” means that no depression is generated even when the average adult male walks on the greening system. When the average adult male walks on the greening system, there is a possibility that a dent will be formed, but this means that no dent will be generated even if the average adult male rides on the greening system. Furthermore, “constructability” is a property related to ease of construction, and means that the workability is poor when labor and time are increased more than usual.
Example 1

In Example 1, the height H of the convex portion in the drainage layer 21 is 4.5 mm, the interval P between the convex portions is 2 mm, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric in the water guiding layer 22 is 180 g / m ² , and the density of the rock wool in the water retaining layer 23 is dry. 150 kg / m < ² > and the thickness of the planting soil layer 24 are 10 mm.

In the greening system according to Example 1, the “weight per unit area at the time of water retention” was 58 kg / m ² , which was sufficiently light. In addition, good results were obtained for "plant growth", "step pressure durability" and "constructability". In Example 1, particularly excellent pedaling pressure durability was obtained.

Thus, the tree planting system according to Example 1 is lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, workability, and tread pressure durability.
(Example 2)

Example 2 differs from Example 1 described above only in that the dry density of rock wool in the water retaining layer 23 is 100 kg / m ² , and the other example is the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Example 2, the “weight per unit area during water retention” was 56 kg / m ² , which was lighter than the greening system of Example 1. In addition, as in Example 1, good results were obtained for “plant growth”, “stepping pressure durability” and “workability”.

Thus, the greening system according to Example 2 is also lightweight and has high water retention, drainage, workability, and tread pressure durability.
(Comparative Example 1)

Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the dry density of rock wool in the water retaining layer 23 is 60 kg / m ² , and the rest is the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 1, the “weight per unit area at the time of water retention” was 52 kg / m ² , which was lighter than the greening system of Examples 1 and 2, but sufficient “step pressure durability”. Was not obtained. This is because the rock wool has a low density during drying and the rock wool is not dense, so that the water retention layer 23 cannot have a sufficient hardness.
(Comparative Example 2)

Comparative Example 2 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the dry density of the rock wool in the water retaining layer 23 is 200 kg / m ² , and the rest is the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 2, contrary to Comparative Example 1, although “stepping pressure durability” was excellent, “Weight per unit area during water retention” was 62 kg / m ² , Example 1, It became heavier than 2 greening systems. Therefore, this greening system may not be able to be constructed depending on the type of building room.
(Comparative Example 3)

  Comparative Example 3 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the convex portion interval P in the drainage layer 21 is 8 mm, and the others are the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 3, the “weight per unit area at the time of water retention” was 58 kg / m ² , which was the same weight as the greening system of Example 1, but sufficient “step pressure durability”. It was not obtained. This is because the distance between the convex portions in the drainage layer 21 is too wide, the load on the individual convex portions 27 is increased, the convex portions 27 are crushed, and the water retaining layer 23 is further crushed.
(Comparative Example 4)

  Comparative Example 4 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the convex portion interval P in the drainage layer 21 is 1 mm, and the others are the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 4, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 58 kg / m ² , the same weight as the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability” is also obtained. It was.

However, sufficient “plant growth” was not obtained. This is because the distance P between the convex portions 27 in the drainage layer 21 is not sufficiently secured, so that it becomes difficult for water to flow between the convex portions 27 and the drainage performance of the drainage layer 21 is lowered. This is because the water supply to the plant became excessive and root rot occurred. In Comparative Example 3, “workability” was also deteriorated. This is because when the sheets of the drainage layer 21 are overlapped at the time of construction, the interval P between the convex portions 27 is narrow, so that the overlapping operation becomes difficult.
(Comparative Example 5)

  Comparative Example 5 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the convex portion height H in the drainage layer 21 is 15 mm, and the others are the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 5, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 58 kg / m ² , the same weight as the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability” is also obtained. It was.

However, in Comparative Example 5, sufficient “workability” was not obtained. This is because when the sheets of the drainage layer 21 are overlapped at the time of construction, the height H of the convex portion 27 is too high, so that the overlapping operation becomes difficult.
(Comparative Example 6)

  Comparative Example 6 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the convex portion height H in the drainage layer 21 is 2 mm, and the others are the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 6, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 58 kg / m ² , the same weight as the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability” is also obtained. It was.

However, in Comparative Example 6, sufficient “plant growth” was not obtained. This is because the height H of the convex portion 27 in the drainage layer 21 is not sufficiently secured, so that the height of the space through which water defined between the sheet portion 26 of the drainage layer 21 and the water guide layer 22 flows. This is because the drainage of the drainage layer 21 is lowered, resulting in excessive water supply to the plant and root rot.
(Comparative Example 7)

Comparative Example 7 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the basis weight in the water guide layer 22 is 80 g / m ² and the interval between the irrigation pipes 40 is 1.5 m, and the others are the same as in Example 1. .

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 7, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 58 kg / m ² , the same weight as the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability” is also obtained. It was.

However, in Comparative Example 7, sufficient “plant growth” was not obtained. This is because the basis weight in the water transfer layer 22 is too low, and therefore, water exchange between the rock wools in the water retention layer 23 is not sufficiently performed, and water supply to some plants is insufficient, resulting in a drought state. .
(Comparative Example 8)

Comparative Example 8 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the basis weight in the water guide layer 22 is 420 g / m ² and the interval between the irrigation pipes 40 is 1.5 m, and the others are the same as in Example 1. .

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 8, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 58 kg / m ² , the same weight as the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability” is also obtained. It was.

However, in Comparative Example 7, sufficient “plant growth” was not obtained. This is because the basis weight in the water conveyance layer 22 is too high, and the water exchange between the rock wools in the water retention layer 23 is not sufficiently performed, and water supply to some plants is insufficient, resulting in a drought state. .
(Comparative Example 9)

  Comparative Example 9 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the interval between the irrigation tubes 40 is 7 m, and the others are the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 9, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 57 kg / m ² , slightly lighter than the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability” is also obtained. It was.

However, in Comparative Example 9, sufficient “plant growth” was not obtained. This is because the interval between the irrigation pipes 40 is too wide, so water supply to the water retention layer 23 is not sufficiently performed, and water supply to some plants is insufficient, resulting in a drought state.
(Comparative Example 10)

  Comparative Example 10 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the interval between the irrigation tubes 40 is 1 m, and is otherwise the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 10, the “weight per unit area during water retention” is 59 kg / m ^2, which is only slightly heavier than the greening system of Example 1, and excellent “step pressure durability”. Was also obtained.

However, in Comparative Example 10, sufficient “workability” was not obtained. This is because when the irrigation pipes 40 are arranged at the time of construction, since the interval between the irrigation pipes 40 is too narrow, the time required for piping work is increased due to an increase in labor for transportation and connection.
(Comparative Example 11)

  Comparative Example 11 is different from Example 1 described above only in that the thickness of the planting soil layer 24 is 50 mm, and the others are the same as Example 1.

In the greening system according to Comparative Example 11, the “weight per unit area during water retention” was 65 kg / m ² , which was heavier than the greening systems of Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, this greening system may not be able to be constructed depending on the type of building room.

  In Comparative Example 11, sufficient “workability” was not obtained. This is because the soil that constitutes the planting soil layer 24 is scattered during construction, and therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the soil of the planting soil layer 24 from scattering. Is necessary.

As described above, as in Examples 1 and 2, the drainage layer 21 is composed of a water-impervious sheet having a plurality of hollow frustum-shaped convex portions 27, and “height H (mm) of the convex portions 27”. "ranges from 3～13Mm," pitch P of the convex portion 27 (mm) "is in the range of 1 to 5 mm," nonwoven basis weight (g / ^{m 2)} "in the water guide layer 22 is 100 to 300 g / m ^2, the “density of rock wool when dried (kg / m ² )” in the water retention layer 23 is 70 to 190 kg / m ³ , and the “thickness (mm)” in the planting soil layer 24 is 1 to 1. When it is in the range of 30 mm, the interval between the irrigation tubes 40 is 1.5 to 6 m, and the water retention weight of the greening system is in the range of 45 to 60 kg / m ² , it is lightweight and has high water retention. , A greening system with drainage, workability and treading durability .

  On the other hand, since all of Comparative Examples 1 to 11 that do not satisfy a part of the above conditions do not satisfy at least one of weight, water retention, drainage, workability, and tread pressure durability, the functions as a greening system are provided. It is insufficient.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tree planting system, 20 ... Laminate body, 21 ... Drainage layer, 22 ... Water transfer layer, 23 ... Water retention layer, 24 ... Planting soil layer, 27 ... Convex part, 30 ... Frame member, 31 ... Side wall part, 33 ... 庇34, drooping part, 40 ... irrigation tube.

Claims (7)

A greening system installed on the top of the structure,
On the top surface of the structure, a laminate in which a drainage layer, a water conveyance layer, a water retention layer, and a planting soil layer are laminated in this order, and
One or a plurality of irrigation pipes provided in the water retention layer in a manner capable of supplying water to the water retention layer of the laminate, and extending in a direction orthogonal to the lamination direction of the laminate,
The water-impervious sheet having a plurality of hollow frustum-shaped convex portions having a height of 3 to 13 mm, wherein the drainage layer protrudes upward along the stacking direction of the laminate and is regularly arranged at intervals of 1 to 5 mm. in configured Rutotomoni, equipped with a Bone-water barrier function,
The water guide layer is composed of a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 100 to 300 g / m ² ,
The water-retaining layer is composed of rock wool having a dry density of 70 to 190 kg / m ³ ;
The thickness of the planting soil layer is 1 to 30 mm,
When the number of the irrigation pipes is one, the distance from one end of the water retention layer is 1.5 to 6 m. When the number of the irrigation pipes is plural, the distance between the adjacent irrigation pipes is 1.5 to 6 m. 6m,
A greening system having a water retention weight of 45-60 kg / m ² . The greening system of Claim 1 whose thickness of the said rock wool which comprises the said water retention layer is 25-45 mm. The rock wool constituting the water retention layer is 150 to 190 kg / m. ³ The greening system according to claim 1 or 2, having a dry density. Further comprising a frame member surrounding the laminate,
The frame member is
A side wall facing the side surface of the water retention layer of the laminate,
A flange extending from the upper end of the side wall portion to a position covering the laminated body so as to be bent at a right angle to the laminated body side,
The greening system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , further comprising a hanging portion that extends downward from an end portion of the flange portion on the laminated body side. The greening system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the top surface of the construct has a water gradient of 1-2%. The top surface of the construct has a water gradient of 1-2%;
Of the drainage layer, the ends of the gradient under side of the construct, extends upwardly bent so as to overlap the side wall portion of the frame member located higher than the upper surface height of the water-retaining layer, to claim 4 The greening system described. Portion near said drainage layer is bent, the side wall portion and the overlap portion of the frame member and the drainage layer, the hole extending through both of said drainage layer and said side wall portion is provided, according to claim 6 Greening system.

Images