JP5589645B2 - Workpiece machining method and machining center - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a workpiece machining method and a machining center, and more particularly to a workpiece machining method for performing predetermined machining by attaching a spindle attachment to a spindle of a machine tool, and a machining center capable of realizing the machining method.

In machining by the machining center, for example, machining of a relatively small case-like workpiece W as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B is performed with a horizontal machining center including the turning table 101, the machining efficiency is good. Since the case-like workpiece W has a large number of machining surfaces, the workpiece W is attached to the jig 102 placed on the turning table, and each machining surface is swiveled and indexed in the front direction of the spindle (spindle head) 103. To process.
Conventionally, in order to mill a part close to an obstacle, such as the wall surface 104, such as the A and B surfaces of the case-like workpiece, the normal milling cutter 105 is short and cannot be machined. It is processed by a long arbor milling cutter 106. However, since this tool has a large protruding amount from the spindle end, there is a problem that chatter tends to occur on the machined surface, resulting in a reduction in machining accuracy.

  Therefore, a spindle attachment clamp device (spindle head support device) for supporting the main body (frame) of the spindle attachment (attachment spindle head) on the spindle head (spindle housing) as described in Patent Document 1 is provided. Machining using a machining center that can be automatically replaced. In this machining, as shown in FIG. 18, an angular attachment 108 equipped with a milling cutter 107, which is a kind of spindle attachment, is mounted on a spindle head 103 of a machining center, and the turning surface of the turning table 101 turns 90 degrees with respect to the spindle. By indexing and machining at the position, machining can be performed without causing chatter on the machined surface. The angular attachment described in Patent Document 1 is automatically exchanged with the main body by an automatic tool changer (hereinafter referred to as an ATC device) like other tools.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a horizontal machining center in which an angular attachment is automatically attached to and detached from the spindle head by a moving mechanism provided on the spindle head. This machining center automatically replaces a tool attached to an angular attachment with an ATC device with a tool in a tool magazine. Therefore, the tool is a general-purpose tool that can be mounted on the spindle. When the angular attachment is not used, it moves to the retracted position of the moving mechanism. Therefore, the angular attachment is provided in the machining center machine (in the cover).

  Further, in a five-face processing machine having a spindle attachment detachably attached to a spindle of a portal type machining center as described in Patent Documents 3 and 4, the workpiece can be machined by attaching an angular attachment to the spindle. Think.

JP 2007-90478 A JP 2007-307640 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-23642 JP-A-4-129634

  Since the angular attachment (attachment spindle head) described in Patent Document 1 has a large main body (frame) and heavy mass in order to cope with heavy cutting of milling, the arm turning speed of the ATC device cannot be increased. Therefore, the tool change time of tools other than the angular attachment is affected, thereby increasing the cycle time. Moreover, since the main body is large, tools cannot be stored in the tool magazines on both sides of the angular attachment. Therefore, the number of tools stored in the tool magazine decreases, that is, the number of tools that can be used for processing decreases, and versatility decreases. Further, as shown in FIG. 18, in order to mill a part such as A and B surfaces, right-handed and left-handed angular attachments 108 and 109 are required, and the number of storage tools described above is further reduced. The manufacturing cost of the angular attachment increases as the performance decreases. Furthermore, since it is necessary to improve the strength of the arm and tool magazine of the ATC device and the output of the drive device from the standard machine that does not have an angular attachment, the manufacturing cost of the machining center main body also increases.

  The machining center described in Patent Document 2 attaches and detaches the angular attachment to which the tool is attached to the main shaft by a dedicated moving mechanism, and replaces the tool attached to the angular attachment with the ATC device. Therefore, the machine tool described in Patent Document 1 Does not affect the tool change time of the tool. Further, since only the tool is stored in the tool magazine, there is an advantage that the number of tools stored in the tool magazine is not reduced. On the other hand, since the moment load is received only by the tapered portion of the angular attachment during milling, Patent Document 1 Compared with the one in which the angular attachment body described in 1 is positioned and fixed to the spindle head (spindle housing), the ability of heavy cutting in milling is low. Since there are two attachment / detachment portions (taper portions), the attachment accuracy may affect the processing accuracy. In addition, when the angular attachment is not used, it is housed in the machining center machine, so chips and coolant scattered during processing may adhere to the tapered part of the angular attachment, etc. Cause. Furthermore, since it is necessary to lengthen the X-axis stroke for attaching / detaching the angular attachment, the manufacturing cost of the machining center main body increases.

As described above, the machining center to which the spindle attachment described in Patent Document 1 is attached has a problem that the tool change time of the tool becomes long, the cycle time increases, and the number of tools that can be used for machining decreases.
On the other hand, the machining center described in Patent Document 2 has problems that cycle time is increased, machining accuracy is deteriorated, and chips are affected. The machining centers of Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a problem that the cost increases with respect to the standard machine.

  In addition, the 5-sided machine described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 has a slow moving speed of the spindle and table, and is suitable for large-sized workpieces for small-volume production. There is a problem that it is not suitable. In addition, there is a problem that the equipment is large in size and expensive.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and in a workpiece machining method for machining a workpiece placed in a machining area of a machine tool with a spindle attachment, the manufacturing cost of the spindle attachment can be reduced. An object is to provide a processing method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a machining center that realizes the above machining method, a machining center that has a high heavy cutting ability, does not affect the tool change time of tools other than the spindle attachment, and does not increase the cycle time. It is an object to provide a machining center that does not reduce the number of tools to be stored.

In order to achieve the above object, a first problem solving means is a machining area of a machine tool in which a spindle attachment is attached to a spindle so that the spindle is rotatably supported on the spindle head and the rotation of the spindle is transmitted to rotate the cutting tool. A workpiece machining method in which a workpiece placed inside is machined by the spindle attachment, and the spindle attachment is mounted on the spindle in a mounting posture corresponding to the workpiece first machining portion to machine the workpiece first machining portion. After the machining part is machined, the spindle attachment is once removed from the spindle, and the spindle attachment is attached to the next machining part with a swiveling device that is installed outside the machining area of the machine tool and changes the mounting orientation of the spindle attachment removed from the spindle. Rotate to the mounted orientation and re-attach it to the spindle to machine the next machining part of the workpiece.
According to the machining method of the first problem solving means, for example, even when a left and right main spindle attachment is necessary, it can be machined with the same main spindle attachment by turning the turning means and reattaching to the main spindle. Just make one attachment.

According to a second problem solving means, in the machining method of the first problem solving means, the spindle attachment is an angular attachment in which a rotation axis of a cutting tool forms a predetermined angle with respect to an axis of the spindle, and the first machining section Is a first machining surface in which the workpiece is placed on the indexing means provided in the machining area and indexed at a predetermined angle by the indexing means, and the new attachment posture is such that the angular attachment is the main axis. The following machining section is a second machining surface obtained by turning the workpiece 180 degrees from the first machining surface by the indexing means, and the second machining surface is the second machining surface. Machining with the same angular attachment as one machining surface.
According to the processing method of the second problem-solving means, in addition to the operational effects of the processing method of the first problem-solving means, places such as the wall surface 104 that are close to the obstacle, such as the A and B surfaces of the case-like workpiece Can be milled with high precision by the angular attachment.

According to a third problem solving means, a spindle head for rotatably supporting a spindle on which a tool for machining a workpiece is mounted, a tool magazine for storing the tool, and a tool for the tool magazine and an automatic tool changing means for the spindle are provided. A machining center for machining a workpiece placed in a machining area with a tool mounted on the spindle, wherein the spindle attachment to which the rotation of the spindle is transmitted and the cutting tool rotates can be attached to and detached from the spindle, and the main body of the spindle attachment is attached to the spindle In a machining center equipped with a support device that supports the head in a predetermined mounting posture, a spindle attachment holding device that holds the spindle attachment removed from the spindle outside the machining area in front of the spindle head, and attachment of the spindle attachment to the support device And a swiveling device that swivels in a plane and changes to a new mounting posture, and a spindle attachment is provided on the swaging device. The spindle attachment is attached to and detached from the storage device and the spindle by moving the spindle head, while the spindle attachment is transmitted to the cutting tool via a power transmission tool installed in the taper hole of the spindle. However, only the power transmission tool is stored in a tool magazine, and the power transmission tool is replaced with another tool stored in the tool magazine by an automatic tool changing means.
According to the machining center of the third problem solving means, for example, even when a left and right main spindle attachment is required, it can be processed with the same main spindle attachment by turning and reattaching, so one main spindle attachment can be manufactured. It ’s fine. Moreover, since the spindle attachment can be firmly fixed by the spindle attachment clamp device at the spindle head, the ability of heavy cutting in milling can be enhanced. In addition, the tool change time of tools other than the spindle attachment is not affected, the ATC time is prevented from increasing, and the cycle time is not increased.
In addition, a standard tool magazine can be used, and the spindle attachment is not stored in the tool magazine, so the number of general-purpose tools stored is not reduced.

According to a fourth problem solving means, in the machining center of the third problem solving means, when the spindle attachment is not mounted on the spindle, a protection member is supported on the spindle head by the support device instead of the spindle attachment, and the storage A protective member holding device for detachably holding the protective member is provided in the apparatus, and the protective member is attached to and detached from the protective member holding device and the support device by moving the spindle head.
According to the machining center of the fourth problem solving means, in addition to the operational effects of the machining center of the third problem solving means, the spindle attachment clamp device can be protected from contamination by chips and coolant when the spindle attachment is not used. .

A fifth problem-solving means is the machining center of the third or fourth problem-solving means, wherein the storage device includes a gantry provided in front of the spindle head, and a spindle that is movable back and forth in the horizontal direction on the gantry. A column having a shielding plate on the front surface in the moving direction toward the head, reciprocatingly moving in and out of the machining area, and stopping at a standby position which is a forward end and a reverse end of the moving distance, and a substantially intermediate position between them. The protective member holding device and the spindle attachment holding device swiveled by the swiveling device are provided, and the storage device is integrally covered with a machine body cover, and a processing region is provided between the advance end of the column and the standby position on the machine body cover. A wall surface for partitioning the inside and the outside is provided, and an opening portion through which the column enters and exits the machining area is provided on the wall surface, and the opening portion is closed by a shielding plate.
According to the machining center of the fifth problem solving means, in addition to the operational effects of the machining center of the third or fourth problem solving means, the replacement time of the spindle attachment and the protection member can be shortened. Further, it is possible to reliably prevent the spindle attachment housed in the spindle attachment holding device from being soiled by scattered chips and the like, and mounting and fixing to the spindle head are reliably performed. Furthermore, chips and coolant can be prevented from coming out of the processing area.

A sixth problem solving means is a machining center according to any one of the third to fifth problem solving means, wherein a turning table for placing a work and indexing to a predetermined angle is provided in a machining area, and the spindle attachment is provided. An angular attachment in which the rotation axis of the cutting tool forms an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the axis of the main shaft is formed, and the angular attachment is turned 180 degrees by the turning device.
According to the machining center of the sixth problem solving means, in addition to the operational effects of the machining center of any one of the third to fifth problem solving means, an obstacle such as the wall surface 104 such as the A and B faces of the case-like workpiece can be obtained. Proximity can be milled with high precision by using the angular attachment.

  According to the workpiece machining method of the present invention, even if a left and right main spindle attachment is required, it can be machined with the same main spindle attachment by turning and reattaching, so one main spindle attachment may be manufactured. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the spindle attachment can be reduced.

  Further, according to the machining center of the present invention, the manufacturing cost of the spindle attachment can be reduced similarly to the above machining method, and the heavy cutting ability is high, and the tool exchange time of tools other than the spindle attachment is not affected. Does not increase time. Further, versatility can be further improved without reducing the number of general-purpose tools stored in the tool magazine.

It is a front view of the machining center of the embodiment of the present invention. It is XX sectional drawing of FIG. It is YY sectional drawing of FIG. FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow S in FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line U-U in FIG. 4. It is VV sectional drawing of FIG. It is a front view of the spindle head equipped with the angular attachment. It is RR sectional drawing of FIG. It is a front view (P arrow view of FIG. 7) of an angular attachment. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line WW in FIG. It is a front view of the spindle head equipped with a dummy plate. It is OO sectional drawing of FIG. It is a side view of a spindle attachment holding device. It is Q arrow line view of FIG. It is ZZ sectional drawing of FIG. It is a side view of a dummy plate holding device. It is explanatory drawing of the processing method of a workpiece | work. It is explanatory drawing of the processing method of the workpiece | work by an angular attachment. It is explanatory drawing of the processing method of the workpiece | work by a multi-axis attachment. It is a side view of a column when there are a plurality of spindle attachments.

Hereinafter, a machining center according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the above drawings. The left side in FIG. 2 and the lower side in FIG. 3 are expressed as the front of the machining center.
1 to 5 show a horizontal machining center showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention. The machining center 1 is a spindle provided in a machining area on a bed 2 so as to be relatively movable in the X, Y, and Z directions with respect to a workpiece W placed on the turning table 3 and the turning table 3. It has a head 4. Further, an automatic tool changer (hereinafter referred to as an ATC device) 5 is provided on the upper part of the machine body.

  A main shaft 6 is rotatably supported on the main shaft head 4 shown in FIG. 5, and a tool mounting member 17 having a tapered hole 7 for mounting a tool T is attached to the front end portion of the main shaft 6. The tool T is clamped to the main shaft 6 by a tool clamping device 8 provided in the main shaft 6. The tool clamping device 8 includes a draw bar 9, a disc spring 10, a clamper 11, and a collet 12. The clamper 11 is pulled backward by the thrust of the disc spring 10, and the collet 12 expands in diameter to clamp the tool T. Unclamp by moving forward. The draw bar 9 is driven by the pressure of a hydraulic device (not shown), and the main shaft 6 is rotated forward and reverse by a main shaft motor (not shown) provided at the rear end of the main shaft 6. The tool mounting member 17 is a component of the main shaft 6 and is fixed to the end surface of the main shaft with bolts 18. A tool T shown in FIG. 5 is a clutch tool 90 of a power transmission tool for transmitting spindle rotation to a spindle attachment 30 described later. The clutch tool 90 has a convex portion 92 for transmitting rotation.

  The ATC device 5 includes an ATC arm 13, a tool magazine 14, and a next tool standby pot 15. The ATC arm 13 rotates and moves back and forth to exchange the tool T of the spindle 6 and the tool T of the next tool standby pot 15. The machining center 1 is entirely covered with a machine body cover 16 so as to prevent chips and coolant from scattering outside the machining area during machining.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the machining center 1 can be mounted on the spindle 6 with a spindle attachment 30 in which the rotation of the spindle 6 is transmitted and the blade 107 rotates by a predetermined mounting posture. The predetermined mounting posture in the present embodiment is a position where the rotation axis of the cutting tool 107 is horizontal and the cutting tool 107 is on the right side as shown in FIG. In the spindle attachment 30, the rotation of the spindle 6 is transmitted to the cutting tool 107 through the clutch tool 90 mounted in the tapered hole 7 of the spindle 6 (tool mounting member 17). The machining center 1 includes a spindle attachment clamp device 20 as a support device for supporting the attachment body 31 of the spindle attachment 30 on the spindle head 4 in the mounting posture described above.

First, the spindle attachment clamp device 20 will be described. The spindle attachment clamp device 20 is one of the support means of the spindle attachment 30 , and the positioning and fixing device 24 embedded in the mounting hole 23 of the upper surface 22 of the clamp base 21 attached to the front end surface of the spindle head 4, and the spindle 6. A cover 25 for preventing dust from entering is provided inside. The positioning and fixing device 24 includes a tapered cone 29 constituting a positioning clamp mechanism protruding from the clamp base upper surface 22 and a clamp / unclamp drive mechanism in an embedded clamp body 27. The positioning / fixing device 24 elastically deforms and clamps the positioning clamp mechanism by the thrust of the spring of the drive mechanism. One unclamp has a mounting hole 23 serving as a cylinder chamber, and supplies hydraulic oil to the cylinder chamber to unclamp it with hydraulic pressure. The positioning / fixing device 24 includes, for example, a pull rod provided in the clamp body 27 with a taper ring 28 and a taper cone 29 slidably contacting each other which constitute a positioning clamp mechanism with a commercially available locating ring (trade name) as shown in FIG. Since it is a well-known clamping mechanism that drives, elastically deforms both in the circumferential direction by the action of the taper, and clamps using the force-increasing action by the taper, description of the configuration and action is omitted. The positioning and fixing devices 24 are arranged at equal angles at four locations on the circumference around the axis of the main shaft 6.

  Next, the spindle attachment 30 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the main shaft attachment 30 of the present embodiment is an angular attachment in which the rotation axis of the cutting tool 107 has a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the main shaft 6. In the present embodiment, the blade rotation angle is 90 degrees, and the blade 107 is a milling cutter. An attachment body 31 of the angular attachment 30 includes an upper spindle case 32 and a lower clamp block 33. The angular attachment 30 includes a drive shaft 34 driven by the rotation of the main shaft 6, an intermediate shaft 35 that converts the axial direction of the drive shaft 34 by 90 degrees, and a tool shaft 36 that attaches a cutting tool 107 to the tip. 37 is supported. In the angular attachment 30, a rotation transmission mechanism is configured by appropriately combining these shafts, a helical gear 38, and a spur gear 39. A concave groove 40 that engages with the convex portion 92 of the clutch tool 90 is formed on the shaft end surface of the drive shaft 34 facing the main shaft 6. In the angular attachment 30, rotation is transmitted to the cutting tool 107 by the engagement of the convex portion 92 and the groove 40. When the angular attachment 30 is not used, the clutch tool 90 is stored in the tool magazine 14 that stores the general-purpose tool T alone. Then, when the angular attachment 30 is used, the clutch tool 90 is exchanged with another tool T stored in the tool magazine 14 by the ATC device 5 which is an automatic tool changing means, and is inserted into the tapered hole 7 of the tool mounting member 17 of the spindle 6. Installed.

  On the lower surface 41 of the clamp block (the lower surface of the attachment body 31), stop holes 42 are formed at equal angles at four locations on the circumference around the axis of the drive shaft 34. The spindle attachment clamp device 20 is inserted into the stop hole 42. The taper ring 28 that constitutes the positioning clamp mechanism described above is inserted and fixed by a mounting bolt 43. Then, the other tapered cone 29 constituting the positioning clamp mechanism is fitted into the taper ring 28 and clamped by the spring force of the drive mechanism of the positioning and fixing device 24, and the angular attachment 30 is positioned and fixed to the spindle attachment clamping device 20. And supported. In this embodiment, the clamp base upper surface 22 of the spindle attachment clamp device 20 and the clamp block lower surface 41 of the angular attachment 30 are each formed in a square having the same dimensions. Therefore, the spindle attachment clamping device 20 can support the angular attachment 30 in four attachment postures in which the angular attachment 30 is turned 90 degrees around the axis of the spindle 6.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a pair of positioning pins 44 and 44 and reference plane plates 45 and 45 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line (rotational axis center of the drive shaft 34) on both sides of the center of the upper surface of the clamp block 33. It has. The positioning pins 44 and 44 fit into guide bushes 63 and 63 of a spindle attachment holding device 60 described later. As shown in FIG. 10, the reference surface plates 45, 45 have both ends 46, 46 formed in a V shape, and the angular attachment 30 is a ball plunger 65 , 65 of a spindle attachment holding device 60, which will be described later. Both ends 46, 46 of the plates 45, 45 are held.
On the side surface of the clamp block 33, plates 48 and 48 having through holes 49 and 49 into which the lock pins 68 of the locking device 67 for preventing dropout provided in the spindle attachment holding device 60 are inserted are attached. Yes.

On the other hand, when the angular attachment 30 is not attached to the spindle 6, the dummy plate 50 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 is supported by the spindle attachment clamp device 20 instead of the angular attachment 30. The dummy plate 50 is a protective member that protects the spindle attachment clamp device 20 from contamination by chips and coolant. The dummy plate lower surface 51 is formed in the same shape as the clamp block lower surface 41 of the angular attachment 30 and the clamp base upper surface 22 of the spindle attachment clamp device 20. A stop hole 52 is formed in the same manner as the angular attachment 30, and the taper ring 28 of the positioning clamp mechanism is inserted into the stop hole 52 in the same manner as the angular attachment 30, and is fixed by a mounting bolt 53. Then, the tapered cone 29 of the spindle attachment clamp device 20 is fitted into the taper ring 28, and the dummy plate 50 is positioned and fixed to the spindle attachment clamp device 20 and supported by the thrust of the spring. The thickness of the dummy plate 50 has such a dimension that the upper surface 54 of the dummy plate is substantially flush with the front end surface of the spindle when mounted.

  As described above, the angular attachment 30 is supported by the spindle head 4 by the spindle attachment clamp device 20 and attached to the spindle 6. The dummy plate 50 is supported on the spindle head 4 by the spindle attachment clamp device 20. Then, the clamping and unclamping of the spindle attachment clamping device 20 that supports both can be automatically performed according to commands of the NC program. Further, the angular attachment 30 and the dummy plate 50 are stored in a storage device 55 described below, and both the storage device 55 and the spindle attachment clamp device 20 are attached to and detached from the spindle head 4 by the commands of the NC program. The relative movement is performed in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, both can be exchanged automatically.

Now, the storage device 55 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS.
The machining center 1 is provided with a storage device 55 for detachably storing the angular attachment 30 and the dummy plate 50 outside the machining area in front of the machine base, that is, in front of the spindle head 4. The storage device 55 includes a spindle attachment holding device 60 for holding the angular attachment 30 removed from the spindle attachment clamping device 20, a turning device 70 for turning the angular attachment 30 in a vertical plane, and a dummy similar to the angular attachment 30. The dummy plate holding device 75 is configured to hold the plate 50. The turning device 70 is a turning means for the spindle attachment that turns the angular attachment 30 to a predetermined angle and changes its attachment posture to a new attachment posture. The spindle attachment holding device 60 is attached to the turning device 70 and turns.

  Further, the description of the storage device 55 will be continued. A base 56 is provided on the bed 2 in front of the spindle head 4, and a column 57 is provided on the base 56 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction. The column 57 reciprocates inside and outside the machining area of the machining center 1. The column 57 is provided with a dummy plate holding device 75 and a spindle attachment holding device 60 that is turned by the turning device 70. The gantry 56 is provided with a guide mechanism 58 including a linear motion rail and a guide block on the upper surface, and a column 57 is placed on the guide mechanism 58. In this embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder 59 is provided as a moving device for the column 57.

  The spindle attachment holding device 60 includes a pair of arms 62 and 62 that are provided on an upper portion of the column 57 and extend from a frame 61 formed in a U shape toward the spindle head 4. Further, guide bushes 63 and 63 into which the positioning pins 44 and 44 of the angular attachment 30 are fitted and a stopper 64 are attached to the surfaces facing the spindle head 4 at both ends. Further, a pair of opposing ball plungers 65, 65 are attached to the brackets 66, 66, respectively. The angular attachment 30 is held by the spring force of the ball plungers 65 and 65. One arm 62 is provided with a locking device 67 for preventing the dropout. The lock device 67 is a push-out single-acting cylinder device in which the lock pin 68 is a piston. The lock pin 68 is inserted into the through-hole 49 of the plate 48 of the angular attachment 30 by the thrust of the spring, and air pressure or oil pressure is used. It is designed to be pulled out. The number of ball plungers 65 and 65 is appropriately determined by the mass of the angular attachment 30 and the thrust of the springs of the ball plungers 65 and 65.

  The swivel device 70 swivels the main spindle attachment holding device 60 attached to the swiveling plate in the vertical plane, and the angular attachment 30 held by the main spindle attachment holding device 60 is in the vertical plane around the rotation axis of the drive shaft 34. It is possible to turn in. In the present embodiment, a rotary device (trade name) composed of a hydraulic cylinder and a rack and pinion is used for the turning device 70 and is turned 180 degrees. As described above, the angular attachment 30 is configured so that the spindle attachment clamp device 20 can be supported even at a position rotated by 90 degrees around the axis of the spindle 6, and the rotation axis of the drive shaft 34 and the rotation axis of the spindle 6 of the angular attachment 30. Since the center of is the same, even if the angular attachment 30 is turned 180 degrees with the turning device 70, it can be mounted on the main shaft 6. In this embodiment, since there is only one spindle attachment (angular attachment) 30 to be used, the spindle attachment holding device 60 is attached to the turning device 70. However, when a plurality of spindle attachments 30 are required, FIG. As shown, only a required number of spindle attachment holding devices 60 that are not to be turned may be attached to the column 57, and a single turning device 70 may be provided with the spindle attachment holding device 60 attached to a different position of the column 57.

  The dummy plate holding device 75 is attached to a column below the spindle attachment holding device 60 and holds the dummy plate 50 in a detachable manner. In the dummy plate holding device 75, ball plungers 78 and 78 are attached to both end portions 77 and 77 of a frame 76 formed in a U-shape opening toward the spindle head 4 so as to face each other on the same axis. . The dummy plate 50 is sandwiched between the ball plungers 78 and 78, and the dummy plate 50 is held by the thrust of the spring built in the ball plungers 78 and 78. A V-shaped groove 53 into which the ball plungers 78 are fitted is formed on the side surface of the dummy plate 50. The number of ball plungers 78 and 78 is appropriately determined by the mass of the dummy plate 50 and the thrust of the springs of the ball plungers 78 and 78.

  The column 57 that reciprocates in and out of the machining area of the machining center 1 is provided with a shielding plate 80 on the front surface in the movement direction toward the spindle head 4, and is at a forward end and a backward end of the movement distance L, and a standby position that is substantially intermediate between them. Stop at position. 1 and 3, the storage device 55 is integrally covered with the machine body cover 16 of the machining center 1, and the machine region covers the machining area between the forward end of the column 57 and the standby position. A partition cover 81 is provided. The partition cover 81 is provided with an opening 82 for allowing the column 57 to enter and leave the machining area. When the column 57 is at the retracted end and the standby position, the opening 82 is closed with a shielding plate 80 to provide chips. And coolant is prevented from splashing from the machining area.

  Next, a method for processing the workpiece W in the machining center 1 configured as described above will be described together with the attaching / detaching operation of the angular attachment 30. Here, the expression of the Z axis movement direction of the spindle head 4 and the movement direction of the storage device 55 is as follows. For the Z-axis, the movement in the direction in which the spindle head 4 approaches the spindle attachment storage device 55 is defined as a forward movement, and vice versa. Further, the storage device 55 moves forward in the direction approaching the spindle head 4, that is, moves toward the machining area, and reverses the movement, and the starting position is the backward end of the movement distance L.

  Now, a processing method for milling the A and B surfaces of the case-like workpiece shown in FIG. 18 will be described as an example. In the starting state, a normal tool T is mounted on the spindle 6, a dummy plate 50 is mounted on the spindle attachment clamp device 20, and the angular attachment 30 is stored in the storage device 55. Further, one clutch tool 90 is stored in the tool pot of the tool magazine 14. Since the flange portion 91 of the clutch tool 90 is the same size as a general-purpose tool that is normally used and the keyway is the same, it can be automatically replaced by the ATC device 5. Further, since only the clutch tool 90 is stored in the tool magazine 14, the tool T can be stored in the tool pot adjacent to the clutch tool 90. Therefore, the number of tools stored in the tool magazine 14 is not reduced. Further, the tool magazine 14 does not need to improve the allowable mass of the tool T to be stored or to suppress the allowable turning speed of the magazine.

  First, the dummy plate 50 and the angular attachment 30 are exchanged. In order to store the dummy plate 50, the column 57 of the storage device 55 moves to the forward end in the processing region. Next, the spindle head 4 is first positioned in the XY plane so that the holding center of the dummy plate holding device 75 of the column 57 and the axis of the spindle 6 coincide with each other, and then advances in the Z-axis direction. The holding center of the dummy plate holding device 75 is a virtual center when the dummy plate 50 is held, and is the axial center position of the main shaft 6 when the dummy plate holding device 75 is mounted on the main shaft attachment clamp device 20. With the above operation, the groove 53 of the dummy plate 50 is fitted into the plungers 78 of the dummy plate holding device 75. Subsequently, the positioning and fixing device 24 of the spindle attachment clamp device 20 is unclamped, the spindle head 4 is retracted by a predetermined amount in the Z-axis direction, and the dummy plate 50 is removed from the spindle head 4 (spindle attachment clamp device 20). 75. Subsequently, the column 57 moves backward to the standby position.

  Next, the clutch tool 90 is mounted in the tapered hole 7 of the main shaft 6 by the automatic tool changing means of the machining center 1. A series of operations related to automatic tool change are well known and will be omitted. However, as an automatic tool change means, the tool T of the spindle 6 and the next tool standby pot are used as the automatic tool change means by the ATC arm 13 provided in the ATC device 5 as in this embodiment. There are a method of exchanging 15 tools T, a method in which the spindle head 4 directly approaches the tool T of the tool magazine 14 without arm, and the like. The clutch tool 90 attached to the tapered hole 7 is clamped by a tool clamping device 8 provided on the main shaft 6. Then, the main shaft fixed position stop (main shaft orientation) is performed, and the convex portion 92 is always at a constant angular position.

  First, the angular attachment 30 stored in the storage device 55 is processed by the milling cutter 107 to process the processed surface A of the workpiece W in order to process the first processed surface (first processed surface) A. Is attached to the main shaft 6 with the mounting posture (the milling cutter 107 is upward in FIG. 18). In this case, if the right-handed angular attachment 30 is required and the angular attachment 30 housed in the spindle attachment holding device 60 is left-handed, the turning device 70 turns 180 degrees so as to be right-handed. Next, the spindle head 4 first moves XY so that the column 57 moves to the forward end and the holding center of the angular attachment 30 of the spindle attachment holding device 60 coincides with the axis of the spindle 6 to which the clutch tool 90 is attached. It is positioned in the plane and then moved forward in the Z-axis direction. The holding center of the angular attachment 30 is the axis of the drive shaft 34 (the turning center). With this operation, the taper cone 29 is fitted into the taper ring 28, and the angular attachment 30 is attached to the spindle attachment clamp device 20. Then, the positioning and fixing device 24 is clamped and supported by the clamp base 21 of the spindle attachment clamping device 20. At this time, the convex portion 92 of the clutch tool 90 in which the angular position is positioned by stopping the main shaft fixed position is fitted in the groove 40 of the drive shaft 34.

  Thereafter, in the spindle attachment holding device 60, the lock pin 68 of the locking device 67 is pulled out from the through hole 49 of the plate 48, the spindle head 4 supporting the angular attachment 30 is retracted in the Z-axis direction, and the dummy plate 50 Automatic replacement of the angular attachment 30 is completed. At this time, the column 57 is retracted to the retracted end, and the opening 82 is closed by the shielding plate 80. Next, a rotation command is issued to the main shaft motor to rotate the main shaft 6, and the rotation of the main shaft 6 is transmitted to the milling cutter 107 of the angular attachment 30 via the clutch tool 90. Then, predetermined processing is performed by the milling cutter 107 on the A surface of the workpiece W placed on the turning table 3.

  Subsequently, the angular attachment 30 supported by the spindle head 4 is replaced for the left hand in order to machine the B surface of the second machining surface (next machining surface). First, the column 57 of the storage device 55 moves forward into the machining area and moves to the forward end. Subsequently, the spindle head 4 is first positioned in the XY plane so that the holding center of the spindle attachment holding device 60 of the column 57 and the axis of the spindle 6 to which the angular attachment 30 is attached are aligned, and then the Z-axis direction Go forward. The holding center is a virtual center when the spindle attachment holding device 60 holds the angular attachment 30 and is a turning center of the turning device 70. With this operation, the positioning pins 44 and 44 of the angular attachment 30 are fitted into the guide bushes 65 and 65 of the spindle attachment holding device 60. Subsequently, the lock pin 68 of the lock device 67 is inserted into the through hole 49 of the plate 48, and the tool clamp device 8 of the main shaft 6 is unclamped. Subsequently, the positioning and fixing device 24 of the spindle attachment clamp device 20 is unclamped, the spindle head 4 is retracted by a predetermined amount in the Z-axis direction, and the angular attachment 30 is transferred from the spindle head 4 to the spindle attachment holding device 60 and temporarily. Retained.

  Next, the column 57 moves backward and moves to the standby position, and the angular attachment 30 is turned 180 degrees by the turning device 70, so that the attachment of the angular attachment 30 is changed from the right hand to the left hand. Then, the column 57 moves forward and moves to the forward end. Next, the angular attachment 30 that turns and becomes left-handed is attached to the spindle attachment clamp device 20 by the same operation as in the case of the right-handed. In this way, one angular attachment 30 is remounted on the spindle head 4 with a mounting posture different by 180 degrees, and the mounting hand is automatically changed from the right hand to the left hand. Next, the turning table 3 is turned 180 degrees and the B surface of the workpiece W is processed by the milling cutter 107.

As described above, in the machining method of this embodiment, the spindle 6 is rotatably supported on the spindle head 4, and the spindle attachment 30 on which the rotation of the spindle 6 is transmitted to rotate the milling cutter (cutting tool) 107 is attached to the spindle 6. A workpiece W machining method for machining a workpiece W placed in a machining area of a machining center (machine tool) 1 of the present embodiment with a spindle attachment 30, wherein the spindle attachment 30 is a first machining portion of the workpiece W. Is attached to the spindle 6 in the mounting posture corresponding to the above (the mounting posture in which the milling cutter 10 can machine the first machining surface A of the workpiece W with the milling cutter 107 facing upward in FIG. 18). part processed (first processing surface), provided outside the machining area of the machining center 1, to change the mounting position of the spindle attachment 30 removed from the spindle 6 With the turning device 70, the main spindle attachment 30 is turned to the mounting posture corresponding to the next machining portion different from the above mounting posture (the milling cutter 107 is downward in FIG. The processed part (second processed surface) is processed. In addition, the process part of the workpiece | work W is not restricted to the 2nd process surface as mentioned above, but may continue with the 3rd, 4 ....
In this way, by turning and reattaching the spindle attachment, it is possible to process each of the A and B surfaces with the same spindle attachment, so one spindle attachment may be manufactured. Therefore, there is an effect that the manufacturing cost of the spindle attachment can be reduced.

The spindle attachment 30 is an angular attachment in which the rotation axis of the cutting tool 107 forms a predetermined angle (180 degrees) with respect to the axis of the spindle 6, and the first machining part of the workpiece W places the workpiece W in the machining area. The first mounting surface (surface A) placed on the provided turning table (indexing means) 3 and indexed at a predetermined angle by the turning table 3, and the new mounting posture of the angular attachment 30 is angular. The attachment 30 has an attachment posture in which the attachment 30 is turned 180 degrees around the axis of the main shaft 6, and the next machining portion of the workpiece W is a second machining surface (B The second processed surface is processed with the same angular attachment 30 as the first processed surface.
Therefore, like the A and B surfaces of the case-like workpiece, a portion such as the wall surface 104 that is close to the obstacle can be milled with high accuracy by the angular attachment.

When the processing of the B surface is completed, the machining center 1 replaces the angular attachment 30 of the spindle attachment clamp device 20 and the dummy plate 50 held by the dummy plate holding device 75 in the storage device 55 by the same operation as described above, and the ATC device. 5, the clutch tool 90 mounted on the spindle 6 is replaced with a new tool T in the tool magazine 14, and predetermined machining with the new tool T is started.
The above processing method is an example, and the processing surface of the workpiece W is not limited to two processing surfaces, that is, the A surface (first processing surface) and the B surface (second processing surface). Further, there may be a case where the machining surface is different depending on the workpiece W, and there may be a case where the machining portion is different within the same machining surface.

As described above, the machining center 1 of the above embodiment includes the spindle head 4 that rotatably supports the spindle 6 on which the tool T that processes the workpiece W is mounted, the tool magazine 14 that stores the tool T, and the tool of the spindle 6. T is a machining center that includes a T and an ATC device (automatic tool changer) 5 for the tool T of the tool magazine 14 and processes a workpiece W placed in a machining area with a tool T mounted on the spindle 6. A spindle attachment clamp device (support device) 20 that can attach and detach to / from the spindle 6 the spindle attachment 30 to which the rotation is transmitted and the blade 107 rotates, and supports the attachment body 31 of the spindle attachment 30 to the spindle head 4 in a predetermined mounting posture. I have.
Then, a spindle attachment holding device 60 that holds the spindle attachment 30 removed from the spindle 6 when the spindle attachment 30 is not used, and the spindle attachment 30 are swiveled within a mounting surface to the spindle attachment clamp device 20 in front of the spindle head 4. Then, the storage device 55 including the turning device 70 that changes the mounting posture to a new mounting posture is provided, and the spindle attachment 30 is detachably stored. The attachment / detachment of the spindle attachment 30 to / from the storage device 55 and the spindle 6 is performed by relatively moving the spindle head 4 in the X, Y, and Z axis directions.
On the other hand, in the spindle attachment 30, rotation transmission to the cutting tool 107 is performed via a clutch tool (power transmission tool) 90 mounted in the taper hole 7 of the spindle 6 , and when the spindle attachment 30 is not used, only the clutch tool 90 is used. The clutch tool 90 is stored in the tool magazine 14 and can be exchanged with another tool T stored in the tool magazine 14 by the ATC device 5.

  With this, for example, when a left and right main spindle attachment is required, the main spindle attachment can be machined with the same main spindle attachment by turning and reattaching the main spindle attachment to the other end. One unit should be manufactured. Further, by supporting the spindle attachment on the spindle head with the spindle attachment clamp device, the ability of heavy cutting in milling can be enhanced. In addition, since only the clutch tool is replaced by the ATC device, the tool change time of tools other than the spindle attachment is not affected. Therefore, the ATC time is prevented from increasing and machining is performed with the same cycle time as a standard machine that does not have a spindle attachment. it can. Further, the tool magazine does not increase the cost compared to the standard machine because it is not necessary to improve the allowable mass of the tool to be stored or to suppress the allowable turning speed of the magazine. Further, since only the clutch tool is stored in the tool magazine, the number of tools stored in the tool magazine is not reduced. Furthermore, since the storage space for the spindle attachment that is not used can be reduced, the entire apparatus can be made compact. In addition, the spindle attachment can be automatically attached to and detached from the spindle by a simple method.

  When the spindle attachment 30 is not attached to the spindle 6, a dummy plate (protective member) 50 is supported on the spindle head 4 by the spindle attachment clamp device (support device) 20 instead of the spindle attachment 30, and the front side of the spindle head 4. A dummy plate holding device (protective member holding device) 75 for holding the dummy plate 50 in a detachable manner is provided. The dummy plate 50 is attached to and detached from the dummy plate holding device 75 and the spindle attachment clamp device 20 by relatively moving the spindle head 4 in the X, Y, and Z axis directions. Thereby, when not using a spindle attachment, a spindle attachment clamp device can be protected from contamination by chips and coolant.

  Further, the storage device 55 includes a gantry 56 provided in front of the spindle head 4, and a shielding plate 80 that can move back and forth in the horizontal direction on the gantry 56 and moves in the direction of movement toward the spindle head 4. A column 57 is provided that reciprocates and stops at a forward end and a backward end of a moving distance L and at a standby position that is a substantially intermediate position between them. The column 57 is provided with a dummy plate holding device (protective member holding device) 75 and a spindle attachment holding device 60 which is attached to the turning device 70 and turns. The storage device 55 is integrally covered with the machine body cover 16, and the machine body cover 16 is provided with a wall surface 81 that partitions the inside and outside of the machining area between the forward end of the column 57 and the standby position, and the column 57 enters and exits the machining area on the wall surface 81. An opening 82 was provided, and the opening 82 was closed with a shielding plate 80.

  When the number of main spindle attachments is small as in this embodiment (one in this embodiment), if the main spindle attachment holding device is attached to the swivel device, the main spindle attachment attachment / detachment time can be shortened. In addition, by stopping the column at the standby position that is substantially in the middle of the movement distance L, the replacement time of the spindle attachment and the dummy plate can be shortened. In addition, by blocking the opening of the wall with a shielding plate, it prevents the chips and coolant from exiting the machining area, and prevents unused spindle attachments from being contaminated by scattered chips, etc. Automatic attachment and detachment to and from the holding device and the spindle attachment clamp device is ensured.

  In addition, the machining center 1 includes a spindle attachment holding device 60 that is not turned by the turning device 70 in the column 57 of the storage device 55 when a plurality of spindle attachments are required. In this embodiment, since one spindle attachment (angular attachment) is used, the spindle attachment holding device is attached to the turning device. However, when a plurality of spindle attachments are required, the spindle attachment holding device to be turned by the turning device. In addition, attach only the required number of spindle attachment holders to the column. In this case, although the attachment / detachment time of the spindle attachment is extended as compared with the case where the spindle attachment holding device is turned by the turning device, the manufacturing cost of the turning device can be suppressed.

  Further, the machining center 1 places the workpiece W and indexes it at a predetermined angle when milling a portion such as the A and B surfaces (first and second machining surfaces) of the case-like workpiece shown in FIG. A swivel table 3 is provided in the machining area. The spindle attachment 30 is an angular attachment 30 in which the rotation axis of the cutting tool 107 forms an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the axis of the spindle 6, and the angular attachment 30 is attached to the spindle attachment clamp device (support device) 20 by the turning device 3. It was turned 180 degrees in the plane. As a result, it is possible to mill a portion close to an obstacle such as the above-described A and B surfaces with high accuracy without causing chatter on the processed surface. Moreover, since only one angular attachment needs to be manufactured, the manufacturing cost can be reduced to half.

As described above, according to this embodiment, even a machining center in which a spindle attachment that can be automatically attached and detached is attached to the spindle does not affect the tool change time of tools other than the spindle attachment, and does not increase the cycle time. Therefore, it is possible to provide a machining center with high versatility that can be machined with a cycle time equivalent to that of a machining center that does not have a spindle attachment and that does not reduce the number of tools stored in the tool magazine at low cost.
In addition, it is possible to provide a highly reliable machining center in which the unused angular spindle head housed in the spindle attachment holding device is not affected by scattered chips, and the spindle attachment is attached and detached reliably.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is implemented by appropriately changing a part of the configuration of the spindle attachment, the spindle attachment clamp device, the spindle attachment storage device, and the like without departing from the gist of the invention. be able to.
For example, the spindle attachment is not limited to the angular attachment to which the milling cutter is attached, but may be a multi-axis attachment 111 to which a hole cutting tool (for example, a drill or a reamer) 110 as illustrated in FIG. 19 is attached. The multi-axis attachment 111 turns 180 degrees around the axis of the main shaft, so that the arrangement of the cutting tools 110 becomes symmetrical. Note that the machining location may vary depending on the workpiece W as shown in FIG. 19A, or the machining portion may differ within the same machining surface as shown in FIG. 19B.

  Also, when the spindle attachment is an angular attachment, the cutting tool is not limited to a milling cutter but may be a drilling tool as described above, and the tool angle is not limited to 90 degrees, and the spindle attachment is remounted. Also, the turning angle of the turning device and the turning angle of the turning device of the spindle attachment holding device are not limited to 180 degrees. Further, the number of spindle attachments stored in the storage device is not limited to one, and may be plural. In this case, a plurality of main spindle attachment holding devices and swiveling devices may be provided, or a plurality of main spindle attachment holding devices may be provided, and a single swiveling device with the main spindle attachment holding device may be provided to reduce the storage device.

Further, the turning device may be driven by an electric or hydraulic motor. Further, the number and arrangement of positioning and fixing devices of the spindle attachment clamp device are not limited to this embodiment. Further, a motor-driven single-axis actuator may be used as the column moving device instead of the hydraulic cylinder.
Further, the machining center can be either horizontal or vertical, and can be applied to a portal type five-side processing machine. Further, the processing method of the present invention is not limited to a machining center, but is applied to other machine tools, for example, a dedicated machine incorporated in an automatic line transfer machine or the like.

1 Machining center (machine tool)
3 Turning table (indexing means)
4 Spindle head 5 ATC device (automatic tool changer)
6 Spindle 7 Tapered hole 14 Tool magazine 16 Machine body cover 20 Spindle attachment clamp device (support means)
30 Angular attachment (spindle attachment)
31 Attachment body (main body)
50 Dummy plate (protective member)
55 Storage Device 56 Base 57 Column 60 Spindle Attachment Holding Device 70 Swivel Device (Swivel Means)
75 Dummy plate holding device (protective member holding device)
80 Shield plate 81 Compartment cover (wall surface)
82 Opening 90 Clutch tool (power transmission tool)
107 Milling cutter
T tool W Work L Travel distance

Claims (6)

A workpiece that is mounted in a machining area of a machine tool in which a spindle attachment on which a spindle is rotated is transmitted to the spindle head and the rotation of the spindle is transmitted to rotate the cutting tool is mounted on the spindle. The processing method of
Mount the spindle attachment on the spindle with the mounting posture corresponding to the first machining part of the workpiece and machine the first machining part of the workpiece. After machining the machining part, remove the spindle attachment from the spindle and remove it from the machining area of the machine tool. The swiveling device that changes the mounting orientation of the spindle attachment removed from the spindle, turns the spindle attachment to the mounting orientation corresponding to the next machining part, remounts it to the spindle, and processes the next machining part of the workpiece The method of machining the workpiece. The spindle attachment is an angular attachment in which the rotation axis of the cutting tool forms a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the spindle.
The first machining portion is a first machining surface in which a workpiece is placed on indexing means provided in the machining area and indexed at a predetermined angle by the indexing means,
The new mounting posture is a mounting posture in which the angular attachment is rotated 180 degrees around the axis of the main shaft,
The next machining part is a second machining surface obtained by turning the workpiece 180 degrees from the first machining surface by the indexing means,
The workpiece machining method according to claim 1, wherein the second machining surface is machined with the same angular attachment as the first machining surface. A spindle head that rotatably supports a spindle on which a tool for machining a workpiece is mounted, a tool magazine for storing the tool, and a tool in the tool magazine and an automatic tool changer for the spindle, are processed with a tool attached to the spindle. This machining center is for machining workpieces placed in the area, and the spindle attachment that rotates the cutting tool by rotating the spindle can be attached to and detached from the spindle, and the main body of the spindle attachment is supported on the spindle head in a predetermined mounting posture. In a machining center equipped with a supporting device that
Outside the machining area in front of the spindle head, a spindle attachment holding device that holds the spindle attachment removed from the spindle, and a turning device that turns the spindle attachment within a mounting surface to the support device to change to a new mounting posture; The spindle attachment is detachably stored in the storage device, and the spindle attachment is attached to and detached from the storage device and the spindle by moving the spindle head,
In the spindle attachment, rotation transmission to the cutting tool is performed via a power transmission tool mounted in the taper hole of the spindle, and only the power transmission tool is stored in the tool magazine, and the power transmission tool is connected to other tools stored in the tool magazine. Machining center characterized by changing with automatic tool changing means. When the spindle attachment is not attached to the spindle, a protection member holding device is provided for supporting the protection member on the spindle head by the support device instead of the spindle attachment, and holding the protection member detachably in the storage device,
The machining center according to claim 3, wherein the protection member holding device and the protection member are attached to and detached from the support device by moving a spindle head. The storage device includes a gantry provided in front of the spindle head;
The front and rear end of the moving range is provided with a shielding plate on the front in the moving direction toward the spindle head and can be moved back and forth in the horizontal direction on the gantry. And a column that stops at
The column is provided with the protection member holding device and the spindle attachment holding device that is turned by the turning device,
The storage device is integrally covered with a machine body cover, and the machine body cover is provided with a wall surface that partitions the inside and outside of the machining area between the advance end of the column and the standby position, and an opening through which the column enters and exits the machining area is provided. 5. A machining center according to claim 3, wherein the opening is closed with a shielding plate. A turning table for placing the workpiece and indexing it at a predetermined angle is provided in the machining area.
The spindle attachment is an angular attachment in which the rotation axis of the cutting tool forms an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the axis of the spindle,
The machining center according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the angular attachment is turned 180 degrees by the turning device.

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