JP5565576B2 - Displacement measuring device and displacement measuring method for dam body - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a displacement measuring apparatus and a displacement measuring method for measuring the displacement of a dam body.

A displacement measuring device called a plum line that measures the displacement of a dam body is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
In the displacement measuring apparatus of Patent Document 1, a shaft is formed in a dam body, a wire is fixed to the upper portion of the shaft, a weight is attached to the lower end of the wire, and a horizontal displacement of the wire is detected to detect the displacement of the wall. Displacement is detected.

Here, as a method of detecting the displacement in the horizontal direction of the wire, as disclosed in the prior art of Patent Document 1, the light (suspension line) is irradiated from the light source to the wire (suspension line) and is shielded by the wire. A device that receives left and right transmitted light with a light receiver has been used.
At this time, the movable base to which the light source and the light receiver are attached is moved so that the amounts of the left and right transmitted light incident on the light receiver are equal, and the displacement in one direction of the wire is measured by the amount of movement. . Then, two sets of such configurations are provided so that the two-dimensional displacement of the wire in the X direction and the Y direction can be detected, and the displacement of the wire in the horizontal direction is detected.

  However, in the configuration in which the displacement amount is detected by moving the movable base, an error due to backlash of the moving mechanism may occur. In addition, since the moving mechanism operates 24 hours a day, 365 days, the deterioration is severe and the equipment needs to be updated regularly. For this reason, in order to maintain the reliability of the whole system, the inspection and maintenance man-hours become enormous.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 1, a one-dimensional sensor in which unit light sources such as LEDs are linearly arranged at regular intervals, and unit light-receiving elements such as CCDs are arranged one-dimensionally on the opposite side across a wire (position indicating rod). It is arranged. Then, the unit light sources are sequentially driven, and the position of the position indicator bar is measured by detecting the position of the shadow caused by the position indicator bar blocking the light from each unit light source by the one-dimensional sensor.

JP 2000-81316 A

However, since the method of Patent Document 1 uses a one-dimensional sensor in which light receiving elements are arranged in the horizontal direction, the displacement of the position pointing rod in the vertical direction cannot be detected. Further, when water droplets or the like adhere to the surface of the position indicating rod, the position of the shadow generated by the edge portion of the position indicating rod changes, and the displacement of the position indicating rod cannot be detected with high accuracy.
For this reason, there was a problem that the displacement due to the deflection of the dam body cannot be detected with high accuracy.

  The object of the present invention is to detect not only the horizontal displacement of the wire placed on the dam body, but also the vertical displacement, and to detect the displacement of the dam body with high accuracy. Displacement measuring apparatus and displacement measuring method are provided.

The present invention provides a measuring wire that is fixed at one end to a dam body or a ground on which a bank body is installed, and is vertically disposed inside the bank, and a position indication that is fixed to the other end of the measuring wire. And two cameras for photographing the position indicating member, an illumination device for illuminating the position indicating member with light, and an image processing device for processing an image photographed by each of the cameras. The cameras are arranged at positions where the optical axes of the lenses of the cameras are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane, the cameras execute photographing processing at a first interval, and the image processing device captures photographed image data of the cameras. The position indicating member is recognized, the center of gravity position in each image of the position indicating member is detected, the displacement of the dam body is measured by the displacement of the center of gravity position, and the image processing apparatus is photographed by the camera 1st image data Temporarily storing in the storage unit, when a displacement that exceeds a predetermined external signal or a prescribed value is detected, image data at the detection time, and image data of a predetermined time range before and after the detection time, It reads from the said 1st memory | storage part, It memorize | stores in the 2nd memory | storage part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
Here, the external signal is, for example, an earthquake detection signal output when an earthquake occurrence is detected by a seismometer installed in a dam, or an emergency earthquake warning signal transmitted when an earthquake occurs.
According to the present invention, the state of the position indicating member before and after the occurrence of the earthquake can be grasped by an image. For this reason, the behavior of the position indicating member at the time of the occurrence of the earthquake can be confirmed, and it can be used as one of judgment materials such as damage to the dam dam body.
Similarly, even if the displacement of the position indicating member exceeds the specified value, the state of the position indicating member before and after the specified value can be grasped on the image, and the cause analysis material exceeding the specified value It can also be used as one of
In addition, if the image data stored in the first storage unit is erased within a predetermined time after being stored, the case where the external signal is input or the displacement exceeding the specified value is detected. Only the image data needs to be stored in the second storage unit, and the capacity of the image data to be saved can be minimized.

According to the present invention, since the position indicating member is photographed by two cameras whose optical axes of the lenses are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane, the three-dimensional displacement of the position indicating member is detected by processing each image. be able to. That is, the vertical direction along the measurement wire (wire rope) is set as the Z axis, and the two axes orthogonal to each other in the horizontal plane orthogonal to the Z axis are set as the X axis and the Y axis, The axes are arranged along the X axis and the Y axis, respectively.
If the position indicating member is photographed with the camera installed in this manner, the displacement of the position indicating member in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction can be detected from the image data photographed by one camera, and the other camera is photographed. The displacement of the position indicating member in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction can be detected from the obtained image data. Therefore, the three-dimensional displacement of the position indicating member can be detected. For this reason, the displacement of the dam dam body can be detected with higher accuracy than in the case where only the two-dimensional displacement can be detected as in the prior art. That is, in the present invention, since the three-dimensional displacement of the position indicating member can be detected, the change in the height position of the upper part of the dam body when the dam dam body is bent by water pressure or the height position before and after the occurrence of the earthquake. Changes can also be detected, and the displacement of the dam body can be detected with high accuracy.

Furthermore, since the image processing apparatus detects the position of the center of gravity of the position indicating member in each captured image data, the displacement amount of the position indicating member can be detected with high accuracy. That is, as in Patent Document 1, when detecting a displacement at the position of the shadow when the position indicating bar is illuminated, the edge portion of the position indicating bar blocks the illumination light. For this reason, when water drops, free lime, or the like adheres to the surface of the position indicating rod, the shadow state also changes, and an error may occur in the position detection of the position indicating rod.
On the other hand, in the present invention, since the position of the center of gravity of the position indicating member in the captured image data is detected, the position detection accuracy of the position indicating member can be increased. For example, even if water droplets or the like are attached to the surface of the position indicating member, the center of gravity position can be obtained by removing noise components such as water droplets as compared with the reference image of the position indicating member during image processing of the captured image data. it can. Therefore, it is possible to accurately detect the position of the center of gravity of the position indicating member, and by comparing the position of the center of gravity with the position of the center of gravity at the time of the previous measurement, a preset reference position, etc. The amount of displacement can be detected with high accuracy.

  In the present invention, a reference position setting member is provided in the shooting area of each camera, and the image processing apparatus processes the shot image data obtained by shooting the position indicating member and the reference position setting member, and the position indicating member. It is preferable to detect the center of gravity position and the reference position set by the reference position setting member, and measure the center of gravity position of the position indicating member with respect to the reference position to obtain the displacement of the center of gravity position.

Here, the reference position setting member sets a reference position as an absolute reference for measuring the amount of displacement of the position indicating member. For example, an indicating rod standing on a measurement base to which two cameras are fixed. And a reference sphere fixed to the tip of the pointer, and the center of gravity of the reference sphere obtained by image processing can be set as the reference position.
According to the present invention, since the reference position setting member is provided at a position where each camera can shoot, the reference position and the center-of-gravity position can be detected by performing image processing on the same captured image data. Can be detected accurately. Therefore, by using the reference position as the origin, the displacement amount of the position indicating member can be easily measured as an absolute value.

In the present invention, the position indicating member is preferably a sphere.
The position indicating member may be a member having a shape capable of detecting the position of the center of gravity when imaged by each camera. For example, as the position indicating member, a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cylindrical shape can be used, but the most preferable is a sphere.
If the position indicating member is formed of a sphere, there is no flat portion on the surface, and thus water droplets and the like are hardly attached. In addition, if the position indicating member is a sphere, the captured image is always circular regardless of the direction from which the image is taken. Thus, the position of the center of gravity can be easily obtained.
Therefore, if the position indicating member is composed of a sphere, the position of the center of gravity of the position indicating member can be detected easily and accurately from each captured image data, and the displacement amount of the position indicating member can also be detected with high accuracy.

  In the present invention, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the measurement wire is provided, and the image processing device includes a temperature expansion coefficient of the measurement wire, a temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and a fixed position on one end side of the measurement wire. It is preferable that a temperature correction amount is obtained using a length dimension to the position indicating member, and a vertical displacement of the position indicating member is detected in consideration of the temperature correction amount.

In order to detect the displacement of the position indicating member in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) with high accuracy, it is necessary to consider the temperature expansion of the measurement wire to which the position indicating member is attached. That is, the measurement wire is composed of a piano wire or the like, and the length thereof may be several tens of meters arranged from the upper end to the lower end of the dam dam body, and the amount of change due to temperature expansion is relatively large. For this reason, the position of the position indicating member in the vertical direction changes under the influence of temperature. Therefore, if the temperature of the measuring wire is measured by the temperature sensor and the influence of the temperature is corrected, the position of the position indicating member in the vertical direction can be detected with higher accuracy.
As the temperature sensor, when the temperature sensor comes into contact with the measurement wire, an error occurs in the position of the position indicating member. Therefore, a non-contact type temperature sensor is preferable.
Further, the temperature of the measurement wire may be indirectly detected by measuring the temperature of the space in which the measurement wire is arranged.

In this invention, it is preferable to provide the display apparatus which displays the image imaged with the said camera.
If the display device is provided, the manager of the dam can check the shooting state of the position indicating member in real time. For this reason, for example, when an earthquake occurs and the camera position shifts and the position indicating member cannot be photographed, the state can be confirmed immediately, and the camera position can be corrected immediately.
Moreover, by displaying the scale together on the display device, the manager can immediately grasp the approximate position of the position indicating member visually, and can respond quickly when there is a large displacement due to an earthquake or the like.

The method for measuring the displacement of a dam levee according to the present invention includes a measuring wire fixed at one end to a dam dam body or a ground on which the dam body is installed, and arranged vertically inside the dam body; A position indicating member fixed to the end side, two cameras that are arranged at positions where the optical axes of the lenses are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane, and an illumination device that illuminates the position indicating member with light A displacement dam body displacement measuring method using a displacement measuring device, wherein the camera performs imaging processing at a first interval, and recognizes a position indicating member from captured image data of each camera. The center of gravity position in each image of the position indicating member is detected, the displacement of the dam dam body is measured by the displacement of the center of gravity position, and the image data captured by the camera is temporarily stored in the first storage unit. Memorize and give a predetermined external signal or When a displacement exceeding a specified value is detected, the image data at the time of detection and the image data in a predetermined time range before and after the detection time are read from the first storage unit and the second storage unit It memorize | stores in .

  Also in the present invention, since the position of the center of gravity of the position indicating member is obtained and the displacement thereof is detected, the three-dimensional displacement of the position indicating member can be detected and the displacement amount of the position indicating member can be accurately determined. It can be detected. For this reason, the displacement of the dam body can be detected with high accuracy.

  In the displacement measuring method of the present invention, a master pattern is created from image data captured when the position indicating member is at a reference position, and the master pattern is superimposed on the position indicating member recognized by the captured image data. It is preferable to perform a residual matching process and detect the center position set in the master pattern when the residual of overlap is minimized as the center of gravity position of the position indicating member.

  According to the present invention, since the center of gravity position of the position indicating member can be obtained by the residual matching process using the master pattern, the image processing can be performed in a short time, and the center of gravity position can be easily detected.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to detect not only the horizontal displacement of the measurement wire arranged on the dam body of the dam but also the vertical displacement, and the position of the center of gravity of the position indicating member is detected and the displacement is detected. Since the measurement is performed, the displacement of the dam body can be detected with high accuracy.

It is a schematic perspective view which shows the displacement measuring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the principal part of the displacement measuring apparatus of the said embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the automatic measurement mode of the said embodiment. It is a figure which shows the monitor display screen at the time of automatic measurement mode. It is a flowchart which shows the image processing in automatic measurement mode. It is a figure which shows the picked-up image data for preparation of a master pattern. It is a figure which shows the example of creation of a master pattern. It is a figure explaining the image processing with respect to picked-up image data. It is a figure which shows the monitor display screen at the time of manual mode. It is a figure which shows the monitor display screen at the time of analysis mode.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a main part of a displacement measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the main part of the processing system that performs the displacement measuring process of the displacement measuring apparatus 1.

[Structure of displacement measuring device]
The displacement measuring apparatus 1 of this embodiment is an apparatus called a plum line that measures displacement using a measuring wire 2 suspended from the upper end of a dam dam body.
The displacement measuring device 1 includes the measurement wire 2, a wire hoist 3, a weight 4, an oil tank 5, and a displacement detector 6. Furthermore, the displacement measuring apparatus 1 of this embodiment also includes a coordinator 7 that observes the displacement of the measuring wire 2 by manual operation.

The measuring wire 2 is made of stainless steel or the like having excellent strength and durability, and is inserted into a pipe 8 embedded in the dam dam body in the vertical direction. The upper end of the measurement wire 2 is attached to the wire hoist 3.
The wire hoist 3 is embedded in the upper surface of the dam dam body and covered with a waterproof lid 9. The lid 9 prevents rainwater from entering the pipe 8.

The lower end of the pipe 8 is opened in a measurement chamber provided in the dam wall. A concrete measurement base 10 is installed in the measurement chamber.
A recess 10A is formed in the measurement base 10, and the oil tank 5 is disposed in the recess 10A. An oil tank 5 is filled with damper oil, and a weight 4 fixed to the lower end of the measuring wire 2 is disposed.

  A metal ball 20 as a position indicating member is attached above the weight 4 of the measurement wire 2. The metal sphere 20 has, for example, a diameter of about 16 mm, and the measurement wire 2 is inserted and fixed in the diameter direction. The size of the metal sphere 20 may be any size that can be captured and image-processed by cameras 21 and 22 described later. The material of the position indicating member is not limited to metal but can be plastic or the like, but since the measuring wire 2 is installed in units of several decades, it is highly durable and deteriorates due to rust even if installed for a long time. The material which does not do is preferable.

A measurement base 11 is fixed to the measurement base 10 across the upper opening of the recess 10A. The measurement base 11 is made of a metal plate, and a hole 11A through which the measurement wire 2 is inserted is opened at the center of the plane.
The measurement base 11 is fixed so that the upper surface is horizontal, and two cameras 21 and 22, illumination devices 23 and 24, and a reference position setting member 25 are attached to the horizontal upper surface. Yes.

The cameras 21 and 22 are video cameras that can photograph the metal sphere 20 at a constant time interval (first interval) and output the captured image data.
These cameras 21 and 22 are fixed on the measurement base 11 so that the optical axes of the lenses are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane.
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the direction in which the measurement base 11 spans the recess opening is the X axis, the direction perpendicular to the X axis in the horizontal plane is the Y axis, and the vertical direction perpendicular to the X and Y axes is Assuming the Z axis, the camera 21 is arranged so that the optical axis of the lens is along the Y axis, and the camera 22 is arranged along the X axis.

  As shown in FIG. 2, these cameras 21 and 22 are connected to the image processing device 30, and output captured image data to the image processing device 30.

  The illumination devices 23 and 24 are used for illumination for photographing the metal ball 20 with the cameras 21 and 22. In the present embodiment, panel-type lighting devices 23 and 24 using LEDs, organic EL, and the like are used, and are arranged at positions facing the cameras 21 and 22. The lighting devices 23 and 24 may be of a non-panel type such as a fluorescent lamp. However, a panel type such as an LED or an organic EL has the advantage of saving space and reducing power consumption.

The reference position setting member 25 includes a support bar 251 erected from the upper surface of the measurement base 11 and a reference sphere 252 fixed to the upper end of the support bar 251.
The reference position setting member 25 is arranged at a position where the reference sphere 252 of the reference position setting member 25 is also photographed without being hidden by the metal sphere 20 when the cameras 21 and 22 photograph the metal sphere 20. .
Specifically, they are arranged at positions as shown in FIG. 2 in plan view. That is, when the X and Y axes passing through the center of gravity (center) position of the metal ball 20 are set, an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the X and Y axes from the origin position of the X and Y axes (the center of gravity position of the metal ball 20). Arranged in the direction.

  Further, a thermometer 26 is disposed in the vicinity of the measurement wire 2. The thermometer 26 indirectly measures the temperature of the measurement wire 2 by measuring the temperature around the measurement wire 2 and can output the measured temperature data to the image processing apparatus 30 described later. A thermometer is available. The thermometer 26 may be a thermometer that can measure the temperature of the measurement wire 2 in a non-contact state, such as a radiation thermometer.

  The coordinator 7 is an optical position measuring device that allows an administrator to visually measure the position of the measuring wire 2 in the measurement room (on-site).

[Configuration of image processing apparatus]
Next, the image processing apparatus 30 for processing image data photographed by the cameras 21 and 22 will be described.
The image processing device 30 includes a CPU, a memory, and the like, and is configured by a computer that can process image data. FIG. 2 shows functional blocks of the image processing device 30. The image processing device 30 includes an image acquisition unit 31, an image processing unit 32, a display control unit 33, a digital output unit 34, an analog output unit 35, and a storage unit 36. It has.
The storage unit 36 is configured by a storage device such as a hard disk, and stores the image data acquired by the image acquisition unit 31, the data processed by the image processing unit 32, and the like. Specifically, the storage unit 36 includes first to third storage units 361 to 363.

A monitor (display device) 37 such as a liquid crystal display and an input device 38 such as a keyboard and a mouse are connected to the image processing device 30.
Further, a dam computer system 40 for dam management is also connected to the image processing apparatus 30. Here, the image processing apparatus 30 normally outputs data from the digital output unit 34 to the dam computer system 40, but when the dam computer system 40 has an analog input, the image processing apparatus 30 outputs the data from the analog output unit 35. The displacement amount data of the metal sphere 20 obtained by the image processing unit 32 is output as analog data. In this case, the dumb computer system 40 is provided with an AD converter (analog-digital converter) 41 that converts analog data into digital data.
The image processing apparatus 30 is configured such that an external signal output from a dam or a seismometer (seismic intensity meter) 39 provided outside the dam can be input directly or via the dam computer system 40.

[Operation of image processing apparatus]
The image processing apparatus 30 operates in three modes: an automatic measurement mode, a manual measurement mode, and a data analysis mode. This operation mode is selected by operating the input device 38 by the administrator.
Therefore, the operation of each processing unit of the image processing apparatus 30 in each mode will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Since the normal operation mode is the automatic measurement mode, the automatic measurement mode will be described.

[Automatic measurement mode]
When the automatic measurement mode is set, the image acquisition unit 31 of the image processing device 30 takes in the image data output from the cameras 21 and 22 at a constant interval (first interval), for example, at an interval of 1 second, The image acquisition process preserve | saved in the 1st memory | storage part 361 of the memory | storage part 36 is performed (step 1, the following step is abbreviated as "S").
In the present embodiment, the first storage unit 361 is set so that image data acquired every second is continuously stored for a maximum of 20 minutes. Specifically, 20 minutes × 60 seconds = 1200 pieces of image data are stored. When new image data is acquired, the oldest image data is deleted, and image data for 20 minutes is always stored in the first storage unit 361.

Next, the image processing unit 32 performs image processing for processing the acquired image data (S2).
Although details of the image processing S2 will be described later, the gravity center positions of the detection target metal sphere 20 and the reference sphere 252 are obtained, and the gravity center position of the metal sphere 20 with the gravity center position of the reference sphere 252 as the origin is the X direction, Y direction, A process of obtaining coordinates in the Z direction and storing them in the third storage unit 363 together with the imaging date / time data is performed.

Next, the display control unit 33 displays the image data acquired in the image acquisition process S1 and the barycentric position of the metal sphere 20 obtained in the image process S2 on the monitor 37 as shown in FIG. Display processing is performed (S3).
That is, the monitor 37 includes image data 51 captured by the camera 21, image data 52 captured by the camera 22, measurement date / time data 53, coordinate data 54 of the center of gravity of the metal ball 20, and a mode selection button. 55 to 57 are displayed. The mode selection buttons 55 to 57 are buttons for selecting an automatic measurement mode, a manual measurement mode, and an analysis mode, respectively.

Next, the image acquisition unit 31 determines whether the image data acquired in the image acquisition process S1 is acquired on the hour (S4).
When it is determined as “Yes” in S4, that is, when the image acquisition processing is at the time of every hour such as 0 o'clock, 1 o'clock, etc., the image acquisition unit 31 stores the image data in the third A stored image storage process stored in the storage unit 363 is performed (S5).

That is, as described above, in the image acquisition process S1, image data is acquired at intervals of 1 second, and the storage capacity required for the storage unit 36 is extremely large in order to keep all the data. In the displacement measurement of the dam dam body, it is necessary to save the coordinate data of the center of gravity of the metal sphere 20 obtained by image processing. However, all the past image data acquired at intervals of 1 second are stored at intervals of 1 second. There is no need to leave it. Therefore, in the present embodiment, only the image data at the correct time is left except when there is an abnormality. Accordingly, only 24 pieces of image data per day are stored in the third storage unit 363.
Therefore, the third storage unit 363 stores the coordinate data of the gravity center position of the metal ball 20 detected every second and the captured image data at every hour together with the measurement date data.

  After the processing of S5 or when “No” is determined in S4, an external signal from the seismometer 39 is input, or the position of the center of gravity (origin) of the reference sphere 252 calculated in the image processing S2 When the coordinate value of the barycentric position of the metal sphere 20 is out of a preset range, it is determined whether or not the displacement amount of the metal sphere 20 exceeds a specified value (S6).

  When it is determined as “Yes” in S6, 10 minutes have elapsed from the timing, and image data for 10 minutes before and after (including a total of 20 minutes) including the timing determined as “Yes” is stored in the first storage unit 361. To a video log storage process stored in the second storage unit 362 (S7).

  If “No” is determined in S6 and after the process of S7, the process returns to the image acquisition process S1 and the process is continued. For this reason, the process of S1-S3 is repeatedly performed at intervals of 1 second.

[Image processing]
Next, details of the image processing S2 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 5 and FIGS.
The image data captured by the cameras 21 and 22 is an image 60 as shown in FIG.
Here, the image 60 is image data captured by the camera 22, and in this embodiment, the image data is 1600 pixels in the Y direction (left-right direction) and 600 pixels in the Z direction (up-down direction). If the magnification of the cameras 21 and 22 is set so that the pitch of one pixel is 0.1 mm, it is possible to shoot within a range of 160 mm in the X and Y directions and 60 mm in the Z direction.

[Preparation: Creating a master pattern]
The image processing unit 32 first determines whether a master pattern has not been created (S21). In this embodiment, a master pattern is prepared in advance in order to obtain the center of gravity position by image processing. In other words, pattern matching is one of the most frequently used techniques among image processing techniques. Pattern matching includes techniques such as residual matching, normalized correlation method, phase-only correlation, geometric matching, vector correlation, and generalized Hough transform.
In the present embodiment, since the detection target is a sphere (circle in the image), residual matching is used that is simple in processing and short in calculation time. In this residual matching, the position of the master pattern is moved up, down, left, and right with respect to the target pattern, and the point at which the overlay residual is minimized is obtained.

Therefore, if “Yes” in S21, that is, if no master pattern has been created, the image processing unit 32 creates a master pattern (S22).
The specific master pattern creation procedure is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 6, the image processing unit 32 starts from the input image 60 in the initial state where the displacement measuring device 1 is installed, that is, the initial state in which the metal sphere 20 and the reference sphere 252 that are the detection bodies are not soiled. 20 and the detected body images 61 and 62 of the reference sphere 252 are acquired. The detection body images 61 and 62 may be cut out by an administrator selecting a range with a mouse or the like, or the image processing unit 32 may automatically perform image processing.
Next, the image processing unit 32 binarizes the detected body images 61 and 62.

  Then, the image processing unit 32 creates master patterns 63 and 64 as shown in FIG. 7 from the binarized image. The master patterns 63 and 64 are created circumferentially along the outer peripheries of the detection body images 61 and 62, but the lower end side is cut linearly. This cut is provided in order to remove noise caused by water drops when the water drops adhere to the lower surfaces of the respective balls 20 and 252. Further, in order to detect the center of gravity position, the center coordinates 631 and 632 of the outer circumference circles of the master patterns 63 and 64 are set in the master patterns 63 and 64.

[Image processing process]
If “No” is determined in S21 or after the processing in S22, the image processing unit 32 performs a residual matching process between the acquired image data 51 and 52 and the prepared master patterns 63 and 64, and performs overlay processing. A point where the residual is minimized is obtained (S23).
Next, the image processing unit 32 uses the center coordinates 631 and 632 of the master patterns 63 and 64 when the master patterns 63 and 64 are arranged at positions where the residual is minimum with respect to the acquired image data 51 and 52. The gravity center position of each sphere 20, 252 is obtained (S24).

  Next, the image processing unit 32 obtains the displacement amount of the metal sphere 20 with reference to the reference sphere 252 by the following equation (S25). For example, in the image data 52 taken by the camera 22, as shown in FIG. 8, the displacement amount a in the Y direction a = Y1-Y0 and the displacement amount b in the Z direction b = Z1-Z0 are obtained. Furthermore, the image processing unit 32 corrects the temperature expansion amount of the measurement wire 2 based on the temperature measured by the thermometer 26 with respect to the displacement amount b in the Z direction.

Then, the display control unit 33 displays a as the displacement amount in the Y direction in FIG. 4 and b as the displacement amount in the Z direction.
Similar processing is performed on the image data 51 photographed by the camera 21, and the amount of displacement in the X direction and the amount of displacement in the Z direction are obtained and displayed in FIG.

[Manual measurement mode]
Next, the operation when the manual measurement mode is selected will be described.
When the manual measurement mode is selected by the administrator's selection operation, the image processing apparatus 30 interrupts the automatic measurement and, as shown in FIG. 9, the metal ball 20 photographed by the cameras 21 and 22 on the monitor 37, the reference The raw image data 51A and 52A of the sphere 252 and the cross cursor 58 are displayed.

The administrator operates the mouse or the like to move the cross cursor 58 to the center of gravity of the reference sphere 252 in the raw image data 51A and 52A, and then moves to the center of gravity of the metal sphere 20. By the movement of the cross cursor 58, the coordinate position of the metal sphere 20 with respect to the reference sphere 252 can be measured on the screen.
Further, the diameter of the metal sphere 20 in the raw image data 51A and 52A is measured and compared with the initially set diameter data. If the diameter is different, the coordinate position data of the metal sphere 20 is corrected using the ratio. When the size of the image of the captured metal sphere 20 is different, it is assumed that the imaging magnification of the cameras 21 and 22 has changed, and the coordinate position with respect to the reference sphere 252 also changes. Therefore, the correct displacement can be measured by correcting the measured value by comparing with the initial diameter data.

[Analysis mode]
Next, the operation when the analysis mode is selected will be described.
When the analysis mode is selected by the administrator's selection operation, the image processing apparatus 30 displays analysis data on the monitor 37 as shown in FIG. 10 while continuing automatic measurement.
That is, in the analysis mode, the displacement amount data for the period input by the administrator is retrieved from the third storage unit 363 and displayed as the graph 71, and the hourly image data 72 and 73 for the period are within the specified time. Display fast forward.
The period may be input in a format such as the past month, or the start date and end date of the period may be input. The fast-forward display of the image data 72 and 73 is, for example, when 50 days of image data is displayed in 10 minutes, 10 minutes × 60 seconds = 600 seconds and 24 × 50 = 1200 image data are displayed. Therefore, one image data may be displayed in 0.5 seconds.

  In the analysis mode, the video log stored in the second storage unit 362 can be selected and displayed. In this case, image data before and after the occurrence of an earthquake or when a displacement greater than a specified amount is displayed, and the movement change of the metal sphere 20 can be confirmed.

According to this embodiment, there are the following effects.
(1) Since the metal sphere 20 is photographed by the cameras 21 and 22 and the center of gravity of the metal sphere 20 is obtained by image processing of the photographed data, not only the horizontal displacement of the metal sphere 20, A displacement in the vertical direction (Z direction) can also be detected. For this reason, the displacement of the dam dam body can be detected with higher accuracy than in the case of detecting only the displacement in the horizontal direction as in the prior art.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the thermometer 26 is provided and the displacement in the vertical direction is detected in consideration of the temperature expansion of the measurement wire 2, the displacement of the dam dam body can be detected with higher accuracy.

(2) Since the displacement is calculated by obtaining the position of the center of gravity of the metal sphere 20, even if a water droplet or the like is attached to the metal sphere 20, the influence can be reduced.
In particular, in the present embodiment, since a spherical body is employed as the position indicating member, noise components such as water droplets can be easily removed, and the center of gravity position can be accurately obtained. In addition, since a sphere is adopted as the position indicating member, the center of gravity position can be obtained by the residual matching process using the master patterns 63 and 64, and the image process can be performed in a short time.

(3) Furthermore, since the reference position setting member 25 serving as a reference point for detecting the position of the metal sphere 20 is provided, data indicating the correlation with the origin can always be obtained. That is, when there is no reference position setting member 25, the origin position is confirmed by the coordinator 7, and the displacement amount must be calculated by comparing the image data at that time with the automatically measured data. On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the reference position setting member 25 is included in the captured image data, the reference position of the reference sphere 252 is always used as the origin, and the center of gravity position of the metal sphere 20 with respect to this origin position is directly obtained. Therefore, the displacement measurement process can be easily performed. Further, since the coordinator 7 is not always necessary, the cost can be reduced.

(4) When an earthquake occurs or when the displacement exceeds a predetermined value, the captured image data before and after that is saved in the second storage unit 362 so that it can be displayed as a video log in the analysis mode. The administrator can visually confirm the change in the displacement amount (the movement state of the metal ball 20).
In addition, since the image data at every hour is stored in the third storage unit 363 so that it can be displayed in the fast-forwarding in the analysis mode, the manager can also visually check the change in the displacement amount (the movement state of the metal ball 20) throughout the year. Can be confirmed.

(5) Furthermore, since the displacement of the dam dam body can be measured by processing the image data captured by the cameras 21 and 22, it is not affected by the magnetic field. Further, since the displacement detector 6 does not require a mechanism that is moved by a motor or the like, the number of devices constituting the displacement measuring device 1 is reduced, the reliability of the device is greatly improved, and the cost is also reduced. it can.

(6) In addition to the automatic measurement mode, a manual mode can be selected. In this manual mode, the raw images of the cameras 21 and 22 are displayed on the monitor 37. For this reason, the state of the displacement detector 6 that could not be determined unless the administrator has moved to the measurement room at the bottom of the dam dam body can be determined from the image displayed on the monitor 37 of the management room. Time can be shortened.

(7) Since the image processing apparatus 30 of the present embodiment includes the digital output unit 34 and the analog output unit 35, it can be connected to various dumb computer systems 40. For this reason, the displacement measuring apparatus 1 of this embodiment can be additionally installed even in the existing dam computer system 40 having only an analog input. Therefore, the displacement measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can be installed on an existing dam, and the accuracy of displacement measurement of the dam dam body can be easily improved.
Furthermore, since the image processing device 30 is connected to the dam computer system 40, the displacement amount data of the metal sphere 20 measured by the displacement measuring device 1 is used by the dam computer system 40 together with other measurement data managed in the dam. Centralized management.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications, improvements, and the like within the scope that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the thermal expansion of the measurement wire 2 can be corrected using the thermometer 26, but the thermal expansion of the measurement wire 2 is not corrected without providing the thermometer 26. May be. Even in such a case, since the temperature change in the dam body where the measurement wire 2 is installed is smaller than the outside, and the temperature change amount of the measurement wire 2 itself is also small, the accuracy necessary for measuring the displacement of the dam body Can be secured.

  In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a plum line that suspends the measurement wire 2 from the upper end of the dam bank and measures the displacement of the metal ball 20 attached to the lower end side of the measurement wire 2. May be applied to a reverse plum line in which the lower end of the measurement wire 2 is fixed to a bedrock in which the upper end of the measurement wire 2 is attached to a float provided in a measurement chamber inside the dam. Also in this reverse plum line, a position indicating member is attached to the upper end portion of the measuring wire 2, the position indicating member is photographed by the cameras 21 and 22, and the image data is processed, so that the position indicating member is the same as in the previous embodiment. The displacement of the dam body can be measured by detecting the three-dimensional displacement of the member.

  In the above-described embodiment, the reference position setting member 25 is provided. However, only the metal ball 20 may be photographed and processed without providing the reference position setting member 25. In this case, the reference position of the metal sphere 20 is set by the coordinator 7, the center of gravity position of the metal sphere 20 obtained from the photographed image data at that time is stored as the reference position, and the metal sphere 20 obtained from the subsequent photographed image data is stored. What is necessary is just to obtain | require the difference with a gravity center position as a displacement amount.

  In the embodiment, the metal sphere 20 is used as the position indicating member. However, a sphere of another material may be used. The position indicating member may have a shape other than a sphere such as a cylinder or a cube. However, the use of a spherical position indicating member is preferable in that it can easily remove noise caused by adhering substances such as water droplets and can easily detect the center of gravity.

In the embodiment, the image processing apparatus 30 is connected to the dam computer system 40. However, the image processing apparatus 30 may be installed independently from the dam computer system 40.
Further, in the embodiment, when the signal from the seismometer 39 or the displacement amount exceeds a predetermined value, the image data for 20 minutes is stored in the second storage unit 362 so that it can be output as a video log in the analysis mode. However, for example, all the image data may be recorded and the video log recording function may be eliminated.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Displacement measuring apparatus, 2 ... Measuring wire, 3 ... Wire hoist, 4 ... Weight, 5 ... Oil tank, 6 ... Displacement detector, 7 ... Coordinator, 8 ... Pipe, 10 ... Measurement base, 11 ... Measurement base, 20 ... metal ball as position indicating member, 21, 22 ... camera, 23, 24 ... lighting device, 25 ... reference position setting member, 251 ... support rod, 252 ... reference sphere, 26 ... thermometer, 30 ... Image processing device 31... Image acquisition unit 32. Image processing unit 33. Display control unit 34. Digital output unit 35 35 Analog output unit 36. Storage unit 361 First storage unit 362 Second Storage unit 363... Third storage unit 37. Display monitor 38. Input device 39. Seismometer 40. Dam computer system 63 and 64 Master pattern.

Claims (7)

One end side is fixed to the ground where the dam body or the dam body is installed, and a measurement wire arranged vertically inside the dam body,
A position indicating member fixed to the other end of the measurement wire;
Two cameras for photographing the position indicating member;
An illumination device for illuminating the position indicating member with light;
An image processing device that processes an image captured by each of the cameras,
The two cameras are arranged at positions where the optical axes of the lenses of the cameras are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane,
The camera performs shooting processing at a first interval;
The image processing apparatus, the recognizing the position indicating member from the photographed image data of each camera, and detects the center of gravity position in the image of the position indicating member, the displacement of the center of gravity position, measuring the displacement of the dam ,
The image processing apparatus temporarily stores image data captured by the camera in a first storage unit, and when a displacement exceeding a predetermined external signal or a specified value is detected, an image at the time of detection A displacement measuring device for a dam dam body , wherein the data and image data in a predetermined time range before and after the detection time point are read from the first storage unit and stored in the second storage unit . In the dam dam body displacement measuring device according to claim 1,
A reference position setting member is provided in the shooting area of each camera,
The image processing device processes captured image data obtained by photographing the position indicating member and the reference position setting member, detects a gravity center position of the position indicating member, and a reference position set by the reference position setting member, A displacement measuring device for a dam dam body, wherein the displacement of the gravity center position is obtained by measuring the gravity center position of the position indicating member with respect to the reference position. In the displacement measuring device of the dam dam body according to claim 1 or 2,
A displacement measuring device for a dam dam body, wherein the position indicating member is a sphere. In the displacement measuring apparatus of the dam dam body in any one of Claims 1-3,
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the measuring wire;
The image processing apparatus calculates a temperature correction amount using a temperature expansion coefficient of the measurement wire, a temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and a length dimension from a fixed position on one end side of the measurement wire to the position indicating member. A displacement measuring device for a dam dam body, wherein the displacement of the position indicating member is detected in consideration of the temperature correction amount. In the dam embankment displacement measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A displacement measuring device for a dam body, comprising a display device for displaying an image picked up by the camera. One end side is fixed to the ground where the dam body or the dam body is installed, and a measurement wire arranged vertically inside the dam body,
A position indicating member fixed to the other end of the measurement wire;
Two cameras that are arranged at positions where the optical axes of the lenses are orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane and photograph the position indicating member;
An illumination device for illuminating the position indicating member with light;
A displacement measuring method of a dam dam body using a displacement measuring device comprising:
The camera performs shooting processing at a first interval;
Recognizing the position indicating member from the captured image data of each camera, detecting the position of the center of gravity in each image of the position indicating member, and measuring the displacement of the dam dam body by the displacement of the position of the center of gravity ,
Image data captured by the camera is temporarily stored in the first storage unit, and when a displacement exceeding a predetermined external signal or specified value is detected, the image data at the time of detection, and the detection time A method of measuring a displacement of a dam body , wherein image data in a predetermined time range before and after is read out from the first storage unit and stored in a second storage unit . In the displacement measuring method of the dam dam body according to claim 6 ,
A master pattern is created from image data captured when the position indicating member is at a reference position, and a residual matching process is performed by superimposing the master pattern on the position indicating member recognized by the captured image data, A method of measuring a displacement of a dam levee, wherein a center position set in the master pattern when a residual of overlap is minimized is detected as a center of gravity position of the position indicating member.

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