CN103499336A - Automatic three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for arch dam deformation - Google Patents
Automatic three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for arch dam deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103499336A CN103499336A CN201310443377.XA CN201310443377A CN103499336A CN 103499336 A CN103499336 A CN 103499336A CN 201310443377 A CN201310443377 A CN 201310443377A CN 103499336 A CN103499336 A CN 103499336A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/08—Wall dams
- E02B7/12—Arch dams
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of displacement measurement and relates to an automatic three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for arch dam deformation. The method comprises the steps of dividing an arch dam into n sections, measuring a three-dimensional displacement value at the position of an end point of a first section, and monitoring the three-dimensional variation of the end point of each section, relative to the previous end point, so as to obtain the three-dimensional displacement value of the end points of all the sections according to a transfer principle. The method is simple and feasible, and convenient for engineering implementation, conforms to the practical engineering monitoring needs, provides an effective means for automatic three-dimensional displacement monitoring on the arch dam and overcomes the defect that the original measurement method only can monitor one-dimensional or two-dimensional displacement; in addition, the practical deformation condition of a dam body is combined, while the measurement effectiveness and the measurement precision are ensured, the corner parameter monitoring on a platform part of a measured part is cancelled, the measurement process is optimized, the measurement device is simplified, the measurement reliability is improved and the measurement cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arch dam deformation three-D displacement automatic monitoring method, belong to the displacement measuring technology field.
Background technology
At present, the Displacements of Arch Dams monitoring method mainly contains normal line method, bimetal tube mark method, static level method etc.Its perpendicular bisector is for monitoring the amount of deflection (horizontal shift) of dam body privileged site, and bimetal tube mark and static level are for monitoring the depression of privileged site.Because the structure of arch dam is limit, the vertical line that each arch dam can arrange and bimetal tube mark quantity are extremely limited, to such an extent as to the position that can monitor in arch dam is relatively less.Static level can arrange many places as the instrument of monitoring depression, but this instrument can only be measured the depression direction, and the change in displacement of horizontal direction can't be measured.
A kind of symmetrical closed laser arch dam deformation monitoring is arranged early stage, its China Patent No. is ZL200410073525.4, it has openly adopted the symmetrical closed-loop system of two-way detection, adopt bidirectional test, between two measuring points, relative displacement completes measurement by symmetrical generating laser and laser pickoff, can measure the change in displacement of many places simultaneously, but the design that adopts laser to irradiate back and forth due to the method, increased the transmission monitoring of the corner parameter of platform own simultaneously at each measuring table place, the parameter of measuring comprises x, y, the displacement of z(three-dimensional) and Lax, the corner parameter of Laz(platform own), carry out again mathematical computations.Cause monitoring parameter excessive with respect to the actual needs redundancy, structure is complicated especially, and reliability is low, and cost is very high.
In addition, China Patent No. is ZL97214241.X, it discloses a kind of three-D deforming automatic follow monitoring method for arch dam, the method is provided with helium tube between two measuring points, the not special explanation of the material of helium tube, be full of helium in helium tube, system is transmitted laser in helium tube, pipeline does not vacuumize, the refraction of light path error that the method can not produce when solving Laser Transmission in essence.And helium tube is also as the relative displacement change monitoring device of two-end-point, the method temperature influence is larger.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency on prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of relatively simple and practical, can carry out the method for three-dimensional monitoring to arch dam deformation, has optimized process of measurement, has simplified measurement mechanism, has improved the measurement reliability and has reduced the measurement cost.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of arch dam deformation three-D displacement automatic monitoring method is characterized in that it is that arch dam is divided into to some straight segments, carrys out the displacement deformation of approximate simulation arch dam by the monitoring physical quantity to each straight segments; Its method step comprises as follows:
1) arch dam is divided into to several straight segments; By arch dam from the arch dam forward terminal backward end points be divided into successively several straight segments;
2) laser beam emitting device and laser receiver are installed on straight segments; To on the end points of each straight segments, generating laser be installed, and be provided with a platform on the end points of every two straight segments junctions, the laser receiver of the laser beam of on described platform, described generating laser being installed and being launched for the end points that receives last straight segments, the generating laser direction of illumination that is positioned at the end points of last straight segments points to the end points of a rear straight line segmentation, and making the laser of launching transfer to laser receiver by vacuum pipe, the receiving plane of described laser receiver is vertical with the laser beam of generating laser;
3) monitor the change in displacement of each segmentation place; One invar sclae that transmits change in displacement is installed at each straight segments place, and the cloth set direction of described invar sclae is consistent with the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation direction, length and each segmentation equal in length;
4) monitor the displacement of the end points of each straight segments with respect to the invar sclae stiff end; By above-mentioned steps 3) in a termination of each invar sclae be fixed on the end points place of straight segments, the other end free-extension of described invar sclae, one monitoring device is set on the other end of each invar sclae, this monitoring device is fixed on platform, is used for monitoring this displacement with respect to the invar stiff end;
5) calculate the three-D displacement changing value of each straight segments end points; The principle that adopts measuring point to transmit successively, the end points of the 1st straight segments adopts vertical line or bimetal tube calibration method to obtain original measured value, end points since the 2nd straight segments, measure successively the three-D displacement variation of each end points with respect to a upper end points by monitoring device, hand on successively, can be regarded as to obtain the three-D displacement changing value of each end points.
The laser beam of described generating laser is transferred to laser receiver near vacuum.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention can lay monitoring platform at the position of expectation monitoring according to actual needs, has eliminated the problem that the dam structure factor causes some position to monitor.The method adopts unidirectional monitoring system simultaneously, can monitor three-D displacement simultaneously, has solved the defect that original measuring method can only be monitored one dimension or two dimension.In addition, the method, in conjunction with the deformation of actual dam body, under the prerequisite that guarantees measurement validity and measuring accuracy, has been cancelled the corner parameter monitoring at measuring point platform position, only measure x, y, the displacement of z(three-dimensional), both met the Practical Project demand, optimized process of measurement, simplify the structure and measurement mechanism, improved the measurement reliability and reduced the measurement cost, greatly reduced the complexity of system; And adopt laser to be transmitted near vacuum, the refraction of light path error produced while fundamentally having solved Laser Transmission.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is arch dam segmentation schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that adjacent two segmentation X-directions are calculated view;
Fig. 3 is that adjacent two segmentation Y-directions are calculated view;
Fig. 4 is that adjacent two segmentation Z-directions are calculated view.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 4, the present invention is a kind of Displacements of Arch Dams monitoring method, it is that arch dam is divided into to the n section, record the three-D displacement value at the 1st section end points place by other means, and monitor the three dimensional change amount of every section end points with respect to a upper end points, can ask the three-D displacement value at all segmentation end points place according to transfer principle, the method concrete steps are as follows:
1) arch dam is divided into to the n section, n=1,2 ... i-1, i, i+1 ... n, wherein i is natural number, successively the end points of each section is numbered to the other end from an end points of arch dam, is numbered 1,2 ... i, i+1 ... n.
2) at the endpoint location that is numbered 1, one generating laser is installed, its direction of illumination points to the second end points.At the 2nd end points place, one platform is set, one laser receiver and generating laser are installed on platform, laser receiver receives the laser beam that the 1st end points launches, and the receiving plane of laser receiver is vertical with laser beam, generating laser is directive the 3rd end points, equally, at the 3rd end points, one platform is set, one laser receiver and generating laser are installed on platform, laser receiver receives the laser beam that the 2nd end points launches, and the receiving plane of laser receiver is vertical with laser beam, generating laser is directive the 4th end points, by that analogy, until n end points.N end points place only arranges laser pickoff, be used for receiving the laser that n-1 end points generating laser launches, and the receiving plane of laser receiver is vertical with laser beam.Be positioned on the end points of m+1 section and be provided with a platform, described generating laser is installed and for receiving the reception laser receiver of the laser beam that m section end points launches on described platform, the receiving plane of described laser receiver is vertical with laser beam, wherein, m >=1, and m+1≤n.
3) invar sclae of a transmission change in displacement is installed at each straight segments place, the cloth set direction of invar sclae is consistent with the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation direction, and the length of length and each segmentation is suitable.The invar sclae termination at the 1st end points place is fixed, other end free-extension.The termination that the 2nd section invar sclae is positioned at the 2nd end points place is fixed, other end free-extension, by that analogy, until the n section.At all invar sclae free ends, one monitoring device is set, this device is fixed on platform, is used for monitoring this displacement with respect to the invar stiff end.What the present invention adopted while changing by the relative displacement measuring two-end-point is the invar material that specific linear expansion coefficient is very little, has effectively reduced the impact of temperature.
4) the method adopts the principle that measuring point transmits successively, the 1st end points adopts vertical line, the methods such as bimetal tube mark obtain original measured value, since the 2nd end points, measure successively the three-D displacement variation of each end points with respect to a upper end points, hand on successively, can be regarded as to obtain the three-D displacement changing value of each end points.
Mathematical relation is derived:
Without loss of generality, get two sections of i-1 and i and carry out theory calculating.At first establish coordinate system: coordinate system adopts right-hand rule, and horizontal plane is XOY plane, and vertical direction is Z-direction.The coordinate at i-1 place is X
(i-1)o
(i-1)y
(i-1), the coordinate at i place is X
(i)o
(i)y
(i), the angle between two coordinate systems is θ.If the i-1 place is from O
(i-1)point moves on to O '
(i-1), the three-dimensional coordinate of this change in displacement is known, is respectively: Δ X
(i-1), Δ Y
(i-1)with Δ Z
(i-1).The i place is from O
(i)point moves on to O '
(i), this place with respect to i-1 place variation after three-dimensional coordinate known, be respectively: Δ X
(i-1, i), Δ Y
(i-1, i)with Δ Z
(i-1, i), above-mentioned three three-dimensional relative displacement values are X
(i-1)o
(i-1)y
(i-1)numerical value under coordinate system.At X
(i)o
(i)y
(i)ask the three-D displacement Δ X at i place under coordinate system
(i), Δ Y
(i)with Δ Z
(i).
As shown in Figure 2:
ΔX
（i）=O
（i）A/(cosθ)；
O
（i）A=AB+BC+C O
（i）；
AB=O
（i）D=ΔY
（i）·(sinθ)
Wherein:
BC=ΔX
（i-1，i）；
C O
（i）=ΔX
（i-1）；
The simultaneous above formula can obtain:
ΔX
（i）=(ΔX
（i-1，i）+ΔX
（i-1）+ΔY
（i）·(sinθ))/(cosθ) (1)
As shown in Figure 3:
O
（i）C=O
（i）B+BC=O
（i）A+AC；
AC=DE；
Wherein:
O
（i）B=ΔY
（i-1）；
BC=ΔY
（i-1,i）；
DE=ΔX
（i）·(sinθ)；
O
（i）A=ΔY
（i）·(sinθ)；
The simultaneous above formula can obtain:
ΔY
（i）·(sinθ)+ΔX
（i）·(sinθ)=ΔY
（i-1）+ΔY
（i-1,i）； （2）
Simultaneous (1) (2) two formulas can be tried to achieve Δ X
(i)with Δ Y
(i).
As shown in Figure 4:
O
（i）B=O
（i）A+AB；
Wherein:
O
（i）A=ΔZ
（i-1）；
AB=ΔZ
（i-1,i）；
O
（i）B=ΔZ
（i）；
The simultaneous above formula can obtain:
ΔZ
（i）=ΔZ
（i-1）+ΔZ
（i-1,i） (3)
So far, the three-D displacement Δ X at i place
(i), Δ Y
(i)with Δ Z
(i)all calculate.To sum up, as long as record the three-D displacement value at the 1st place by other means, and monitor the three dimensional change amount of every place with respect to a upper place, can ask the three-D displacement value at all segmentation end points place according to transfer principle.
Known by putting into practice, method of the present invention is simple, feasible, be convenient to engineering construction and realistic engineering monitoring needs, for the three-D displacement automatic monitoring of arch dam provides a kind of effective means.
And this law can, according to actual needs at the position of expectation monitoring laying monitoring platform, have been eliminated the problem that the dam structure factor causes some position to monitor.The method can be monitored three-D displacement simultaneously simultaneously, has solved the defect that original measuring method can only be monitored one dimension or two dimension.In addition, the method, in conjunction with the deformation of actual dam body, is guaranteeing to measure under the prerequisite of validity and measuring accuracy, cancelled the corner parameter monitoring at measuring point platform position, optimized process of measurement, simplified measurement mechanism, improved the measurement reliability and reduced the measurement cost.
Above demonstration and described ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and instructions, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. an arch dam deformation three-D displacement automatic monitoring method, is characterized in that, it is that arch dam is divided into to some straight segments, carrys out the displacement deformation of approximate simulation arch dam by the monitoring physical quantity to each straight segments; Its method step comprises as follows:
1) arch dam is divided into to several straight segments; By arch dam from the arch dam forward terminal backward end points be divided into successively several straight segments;
2) laser beam emitting device and laser receiver are installed on straight segments: on the end points of each straight segments, generating laser is installed, and be provided with a platform on the end points of every two straight segments junctions, the laser receiver of the laser beam of on described platform, described generating laser being installed and being launched for the end points that receives last straight segments, the generating laser direction of illumination that is positioned at the end points of last straight segments points to the end points of a rear straight line segmentation, and make the laser of launching transfer to laser receiver by vacuum pipe, the receiving plane of described laser receiver is vertical with the laser beam of generating laser,
3) monitor the change in displacement of each segmentation place; One invar sclae that transmits change in displacement is installed at each straight segments place, and the cloth set direction of described invar sclae is consistent with the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation direction, length and each segmentation equal in length;
4) monitor the displacement of the end points of each straight segments with respect to the invar sclae stiff end; By above-mentioned steps 3) in a termination of each invar sclae be fixed on the end points place of straight segments, the other end free-extension of described invar sclae, one monitoring device is set on the other end of each invar sclae, this monitoring device is fixed on platform, is used for monitoring this displacement with respect to the invar stiff end;
5) calculate the three-D displacement changing value of each straight segments end points; The principle that adopts measuring point to transmit successively, the end points of the 1st straight segments adopts vertical line or bimetal tube calibration method to obtain original measured value, end points since the 2nd straight segments, measure successively the three-D displacement variation of each end points with respect to a upper end points by monitoring device, hand on successively, can be regarded as to obtain the three-D displacement changing value of each end points.
2. arch dam deformation three-D displacement automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the laser beam of described generating laser is transferred to laser receiver near vacuum.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310443377.XA CN103499336A (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2013-09-23 | Automatic three-dimensional displacement monitoring method for arch dam deformation |
| PCT/CN2014/086002 WO2015039570A1 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2014-09-05 | Method for automatically monitoring three-dimensional displacement of arch dam deformation |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103791882A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 中国水电顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Arch dam complete-deformation monitoring method |
| CN104048609A (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2014-09-17 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Non-contact type rock body three-dimensional space displacement monitoring method |
| CN104318030A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Deformation-equivalence based automatic comprehensive deformation modulus calculating method for arch-dam foundations |
| WO2015039570A1 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-26 | 国网电力科学研究院 | Method for automatically monitoring three-dimensional displacement of arch dam deformation |
| CN105806310A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-27 | 绍兴文理学院 | Method for monitoring earth surface three-dimensional displacement of slope around tunnel entrance by using laser distance measurement instrument |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015039570A1 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-26 | 国网电力科学研究院 | Method for automatically monitoring three-dimensional displacement of arch dam deformation |
| CN103791882A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 中国水电顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Arch dam complete-deformation monitoring method |
| CN103791882B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-05-25 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The full deformation monitoring method of a kind of arch dam |
| CN104048609A (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2014-09-17 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Non-contact type rock body three-dimensional space displacement monitoring method |
| CN104048609B (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2017-01-11 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Non-contact type rock body three-dimensional space displacement monitoring method |
| CN104318030A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Deformation-equivalence based automatic comprehensive deformation modulus calculating method for arch-dam foundations |
| CN104318030B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-09-29 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Computational methods are automated based on equivalent Method of Arch Dam Foundation overall deformation modulus is deformed |
| CN105806310A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-27 | 绍兴文理学院 | Method for monitoring earth surface three-dimensional displacement of slope around tunnel entrance by using laser distance measurement instrument |
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| WO2015039570A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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Application publication date: 20140108 |