CN113063367A - Full-field deflection real-time measurement system and measurement method based on oblique optical axis digital image correlation method - Google Patents
Full-field deflection real-time measurement system and measurement method based on oblique optical axis digital image correlation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113063367A CN113063367A CN202110496301.8A CN202110496301A CN113063367A CN 113063367 A CN113063367 A CN 113063367A CN 202110496301 A CN202110496301 A CN 202110496301A CN 113063367 A CN113063367 A CN 113063367A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full-field deflection real-time measuring system based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method, which comprises a black-and-white industrial camera, an industrial fixed focus lens, an electronic theodolite, a distance measuring machine, a tripod, a high-brightness monochromatic LED target, a narrow band-pass filter corresponding to the wavelength of a monochromatic light source and a computer, wherein the narrow band-pass filter is connected with the narrow band-pass filter; the method comprises the steps of selecting three or more measured points on the same straight line on a bridge deck, measuring the distance between the three or more measured points and a camera target surface, obtaining a straight line by a straight line fitting method in space so as to obtain the distance between any point on the straight line and the camera target surface, tracking the image coordinate of the point in a target image by using a digital image correlation algorithm, and finally calculating a calibration coefficient and deflection by using an oblique optical axis single-point calibration method. The system does not need to be in contact with the bridge body, and the video deflectometer can be placed at an easily observed position when being placed by using an oblique optical axis method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is mainly used in the technical field of detection and monitoring of large engineering structures such as bridges and the like, and particularly relates to a non-contact measurement method suitable for real-time detection of full-field deflection of a bridge body.
Background
The deflection is an important index for evaluating the health condition of the bridge, indirectly reflects the rigidity of the bridge structure in the vertical direction, and simultaneously reflects whether the deformation of the bridge structure reaches a dangerous range. The existing deflection measurement methods widely used for bridge construction site detection and bridge health condition inspection comprise a dial indicator, a level gauge, a theodolite and the like, although the measurement methods relate to instruments which are simple and easy to operate, the defects of time and labor waste, inconvenience in use, incapability of realizing real-time measurement and the like exist, manual measurement is needed, and therefore the method can only be used for short-term bridge detection and low-frequency detection. In order to solve the problems of the deflection measuring methods, novel deflection measuring instruments and methods are continuously available, such as radar interferometers, measuring robots, inclinometers, gps, laser imaging methods, photoelectric imaging methods and the like.
Although some problems are solved by the novel deflection measurement methods, some defects and unsolved problems still exist, for example, an instrument needs to be arranged at a position which is absolutely perpendicular to a bridge to be measured, the measurement precision cannot meet the detection requirement, the instrument needs to be close to the bridge to be measured sufficiently during the test, multi-point dynamic synchronous measurement cannot be realized, real-time monitoring on the bridge cannot be realized, full-field measurement of the deflection of the bridge cannot be realized, the whole situation of the bridge must be replaced by a plurality of points, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the long-distance high-precision full-field deflection real-time measurement cannot be carried out in the prior art, the invention provides a full-field deflection real-time measurement method based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method, the full-field deflection real-time measurement method realizes high-precision, long-distance and real-time measurement, the distances from all points on a bridge floor to a video deflection instrument are measured through multi-point synchronous measurement and straight line fitting, then the measurement of any point is realized through a single-point calibration formula, and the full-field measurement is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a full-field deflection real-time measuring system based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method comprises a video deflection gauge, a distance measuring machine, a tripod, a high-brightness monochromatic light LED target, a narrow band-pass filter and a computer; the video deflection instrument is used for acquiring the information of more than three required measured points in real time and inputting the information into the computer; the distance measuring machine is used for measuring the distance from each measured point to the target surface of the camera in the video deflectometer and the included angle between the optical axis of the black and white industrial camera and the horizontal plane, and inputting the distance into the computer; the tripod is used for supporting the video deflectometer and can roughly adjust the angle and the height of the video deflectometer; the monochromatic light LED target is used for being installed on a measured point, so that a video deflectometer can obtain more abundant and accurate information conveniently; the narrow band-pass filter is used for shielding ambient light outside the wavelength of the corresponding monochromatic light; the computer is used for processing the relevant data of the measured points input from the video deflectometer and the distance measuring machine, obtaining the distance from each point of the bridge deck to the target surface of the camera through straight line fitting, calculating the deflection of each point of the bridge deck through a single point calibration formula, and displaying a real-time displacement or deflection curve on the computer.
Further, the video deflectometer comprises an electronic theodolite, a black and white industrial camera and an industrial fixed focus lens; and the black and white industrial camera is convenient for adjusting the direction to acquire data of different measured points.
Furthermore, the narrow band-pass filter corresponds to the wave band of the monochromatic light LED target.
Further, the deflection calculation method is a single-point calibration method based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method.
Further, the digital fitting method is a method of fitting a straight line in space by using three points. A measuring method of a full-field deflection real-time measuring system based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method comprises the following steps:
1) monochromatic light LED targets are respectively arranged at three or more tested points on the bridge floor (the positions are ensured to be on the same horizontal line as much as possible);
2) the video deflectometers are erected at places which are easy to operate and convenient to adjust so as to observe the measured points, so that the information of each measured point can be acquired at the same place as much as possible (if necessary, two or more video deflectometers are used for realizing the purpose);
3) installing a narrow band pass filter in front of a fixed focus lens of a black and white industrial camera of a video deflectometer, and simultaneously adjusting the black and white industrial camera so as to obtain an image which is as clear as possible;
4) measuring the distance from the target surface of the camera to each measured point by using a distance measuring machine, and measuring the included angle between the optical axis of the black-white industrial camera on the video deflectometer and the horizontal plane;
5) and transmitting the distance from the camera target surface measured by the distance measuring machine to each measured point to a computer in real time, fitting out a target function by a straight line fitting method in space, and calculating the distance from any point on the straight line to the camera target surface.
6) And transmitting the obtained distance from each point on the target straight line to the camera target surface to a computer in real time, and calculating a deflection result in real time by using various data stored in the computer. The deflection calculation method is a single-point calibration method based on the principle related to oblique optical axis digital images, the calibration coefficient and the corresponding deflection are calculated, and the deflection information of the whole field can be obtained by calculating each point on a to-be-measured straight line.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional video extensometer, the invention realizes non-contact measurement, is convenient to place in the using process, can save a large amount of labor cost, and can detect some bridges which are difficult to contact and measure.
2. The invention adopts the principle of oblique light axis, is convenient for placing the deflection instrument, does not need to be placed in a place which is right vertical to the bridge body, and is more convenient to operate.
3. The introduced linear fitting method in the space can calculate the distance from no point on the bridge deck target linear to the camera target surface only by simple calculation of a computer, then can realize the full-field measurement of the bridge body deflection through further calculation, does not use one point or a plurality of points to reflect the general health condition of the bridge body, can more accurately detect the tiny problems of the bridge body, and can timely repair the bridge body through the real-time detection.
4. The deflection calculation method used by the invention is a single-point calibration method based on the principle of correlation of oblique optical axis digital images, and the method can obtain a more accurate deflection calculation result while maintaining high efficiency, thereby realizing the rapid and accurate measurement of the micro displacement of the bridge body.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-field deflection real-time measurement system based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. black and white industrial cameras; 2. an industrial fixed focus lens; 3. an electronic theodolite; 4. a distance measuring machine; 5. a tripod; 6. a monochromatic light LED target; 7. a narrow band-pass filter corresponding to the wavelength of the monochromatic light source; 8. computer with a memory card
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a full-field deflection real-time measurement system based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method, which comprises a black-and-white industrial camera 1, an industrial fixed focus lens 2, an electronic theodolite 3, a distance measuring machine 4, a tripod 5, a monochromatic LED target 6, a narrow band-pass filter 7 corresponding to the wavelength of a monochromatic light source, and a computer 8; the black and white industrial camera 1 is used for collecting images and transmitting the images to the computer 8; the industrial fixed focus lens 2 is used for acquiring a clear image of the surface of a measured point; the electronic theodolite 3 is used for installing and erecting the black and white industrial camera 1 and the industrial fixed focus lens 2, and provides horizontal and vertical angle adjustment to enable the measured point to be positioned at a position which is easy to measure. The distance measuring machine 4 is used for measuring the distance from each point to be measured to the target surface of the black-and-white industrial camera 1 and the included angle between the optical axis of the black-and-white industrial camera and the horizontal plane, and inputting the measured data into the computer 8 for solving a target straight line. The tripod 5 is used for fixedly supporting a video deflectometer 9 consisting of an electronic theodolite 3, a black-and-white industrial camera 1 and an industrial fixed-focus lens 2. The monochromatic light LED target 6 is arranged at the corresponding measured point position, more than three measured points are required to be ensured to be used as the characteristics of collected images for software to perform digital image correlation analysis. The narrow band-pass filter 7 corresponding to the wavelength of the red light source is arranged on the industrial fixed-focus lens 2, other light rays except the monochromatic light LED target 6 are filtered out, noise interference is reduced to the maximum extent, and measurement can be realized under the condition of change of ambient light. The computer 8 is used for processing the data measured by the distance measuring machine 4 and the black-and-white industrial camera 1, solving a target straight line by a method of straight line fitting in space so as to facilitate the distance between each point of the straight line and the target surface of the camera, simultaneously solving real-time deflection data corresponding to each point by the single-point calibration formula, and displaying the time-deflection curve of each point on the target straight line on a display of the computer 13.
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
1. three or more tested points are selected on the same straight line of the bridge floor, and then the LED targets are installed.
2. The video flexibility meter is erected at a position convenient to operate, so that the distance measuring machine can quickly and accurately measure required data, and meanwhile, a plurality of measured points can be displayed in an acquired image;
3. mounting the narrow band pass filter on a lens of a black-and-white industrial camera, roughly adjusting a tripod and an electronic theodolite to facilitate measurement and angle change, and adjusting the black-and-white industrial camera to make an image clear;
4. measuring the included angle between the optical axis of the black and white industrial camera on the video deflectometer and the horizontal plane by using a distance measuring machine, measuring the distance from the target surface of the camera to each measured point, and inputting the measured data into a computer;
5. through the related data of the measured point, a camera coordinate system and an image coordinate system are established, and a linear fitting method in space is utilized to solve a target linear line, so that the distance from any point on the linear line to a camera target surface can be obtained;
6. the information collected by the black and white industrial camera is processed by the computer, and the deflection information of any point at any moment is obtained by using the distance from the target point to the target surface of the camera. The specific calculation method of the deflection is to substitute the coordinates of any point on the straight line in a camera coordinate system into the straight line obtained by fitting to obtain the coordinates in the image, then track the image coordinates of the point in the target image by using a digital image correlation algorithm, finally calculate the calibration coefficient and the deflection by using an oblique optical axis single-point calibration method, display the deflection time image through a computer display screen, and perform the calculation on all the points on the straight line to obtain the full-field real-time deflection information.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A full-field deflection real-time measurement system based on an oblique optical axis digital image correlation method is characterized in that: the universal video deflection measuring system comprises a black and white industrial camera (1), an industrial fixed-focus lens (2), an electronic theodolite (3), a distance measuring machine (4), a tripod (5), a high-brightness monochromatic light LED target (6), a narrow band-pass filter (7) corresponding to the wavelength of a monochromatic light source and a computer (8); the black and white industrial camera (1) is used for collecting images and transmitting the images to the computer (8); the industrial fixed focus lens (2) is used for acquiring a clear image of the surface of a measured point; the electronic theodolite (3) is used for installing and erecting the black-and-white industrial camera (1) and the industrial fixed focus lens (2) and providing adjustment of horizontal and vertical angles to enable the position of a measured point in an image to be proper; the distance measuring machine (4) is used for measuring the distance from each point to be measured to the target surface of the black-and-white industrial camera (1) and the included angle between the optical axis of the black-and-white industrial camera (1) and the horizontal plane; the tripod (5) is used for fixedly supporting a video deflectometer (9) consisting of the electronic theodolite (3), the black and white industrial camera (1) and the industrial fixed-focus lens (2); the high-brightness monochromatic light LED target (6) is arranged at the corresponding measured point position so as to acquire clearer map information; the narrow band-pass filter (7) corresponding to the wavelength of the monochromatic light source is arranged on the industrial fixed-focus lens (2) and is used for filtering out other light except the monochromatic light LED target (6), reducing noise interference and realizing measurement under the condition of ambient light change; the computer (8) is used for processing the data measured by the distance measuring machine (4), obtaining the distance from any point on a target straight line to the target surface of the black-white industrial camera (1) through straight line fitting, simultaneously processing the image data collected by the black-white industrial camera (1), obtaining the deflection information of any point by using a single-point calibration method, and displaying the time-deflection curve of any point of the whole field of the bridge body in real time.
2. The system for measuring the full-field deflection in real time based on the oblique optical axis digital image correlation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the video deflectometer (9) can realize full-field non-contact real-time measurement and detection of the bridge body.
3. A measuring method of a full-field deflection real-time measuring system based on the oblique optical axis digital image correlation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) monochromatic light LED targets are respectively installed at three or more tested points on the bridge floor;
(2) the video flexibility meter is erected at a place which is easy to operate and convenient to adjust so as to observe the measured points, so that the information of each measured point can be acquired at the same place as much as possible;
(3) installing a narrow band pass filter in front of a fixed focus lens of a black and white industrial camera of a video deflectometer, and simultaneously adjusting the black and white industrial camera so as to obtain a clear image;
(4) measuring the distance from the target surface of the camera to each measured point by using a distance measuring machine, and measuring the included angle between the optical axis of the black-white industrial camera on the video deflectometer and the horizontal plane;
(5) transmitting the distance from the camera target surface measured by the distance measuring machine to each measured point to a computer in real time, fitting out a target function by a straight line fitting method in space, and calculating the distance from any point on the straight line to the camera target surface;
(6) and transmitting the obtained distance from each point on the target straight line to the camera target surface to a computer in real time, and calculating a deflection result in real time by using various data stored in the computer.
4. The measurement method according to claim 3, wherein the straight line fitting method is specifically: the method for solving the target straight line is a space straight line fitting method by establishing a camera coordinate system and an image coordinate system and utilizing at least three target points.
5. The measuring method according to claim 3, wherein the deflection solving method in the step (6) is specifically as follows: the single-point calibration method based on the principle of correlation of oblique optical axis digital images calculates a calibration coefficient and corresponding deflection, and calculates each point on a to-be-measured straight line to obtain deflection information of the whole field.
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| CN202110496301.8A CN113063367A (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2021-05-07 | Full-field deflection real-time measurement system and measurement method based on oblique optical axis digital image correlation method |
| CN202210293063.5A CN114509018A (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2022-03-24 | Full-field real-time bridge deflection measurement method |
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| CN114754695A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Multi-view-field bridge deflection measuring device and method and storage medium |
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| CN114509018A (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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