JP5554797B2 - 医療用の側鎖結晶性ポリマー - Google Patents
医療用の側鎖結晶性ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5554797B2 JP5554797B2 JP2012038904A JP2012038904A JP5554797B2 JP 5554797 B2 JP5554797 B2 JP 5554797B2 JP 2012038904 A JP2012038904 A JP 2012038904A JP 2012038904 A JP2012038904 A JP 2012038904A JP 5554797 B2 JP5554797 B2 JP 5554797B2
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Description
本出願は、2004年7月8日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/586796号の優先権を主張する、2005年7月7日出願の米国特許出願第11/176638号の一部継続出願であり、両方共、これらの全体において参照として本明細書に組み込まれる。
背景
発明の分野
本発明は側鎖結晶性ポリマーに関し、特に、医療用途で有用な側鎖結晶性ポリマーに関する。
ポリマー材料は多数の用途で広く使用されている。例えば、治療的塞栓は、血管または病気に罹っている血管構造の選択的閉塞である。ポリマーの塞栓治療デバイスおよび試薬の例としては、例えば、出血を制御するため、外科手術前または途中での失血を防ぐため、腫瘍および血管奇形、例えば、子宮筋腫、腫瘍(即ち、化学塞栓形成)、出血(例えば、出血を伴う外傷中の)および動静脈奇形、瘻(例えば、AVF)ならびに動脈瘤への血液供給を制限または阻止するために使用される塞栓コイル、ゲル発泡体、膠、および粒子状ポリマー塞栓剤が挙げられる。
一実施形態は、主鎖、複数の結晶性側鎖、およびポリマーに結合した複数の重原子を含むポリマーを提供する。重原子は、ポリマーに放射線不透過性を与えるのに有効である量で存在してもよい。一実施形態では、ポリマーは、以下で示される式(VI)の繰返し単位を含む。その他の実施形態は、その様なポリマーを含む医療デバイスを提供する。
一実施形態は、重原子含有側鎖結晶性ポリマー(「HACSCCP」)を提供する。多数のポリマーは、相対的に低い原子番号の原子、例えば、水素、炭素、窒素、酸素、ケイ素および硫黄を含む。しかし、ポリマーへの相対的に高い原子番号の原子の結合は、ポリマーの種々の物理的および機械的性質に影響を及ぼす可能性があることが分かった。例えば、十分な量での重原子のポリマーへの結合は、ポリマーに、種々の医療的画像化方法による検出の容易さを都合よく与えることができる。「重原子」と言う用語は、17以上の原子番号を有する原子を意味するために本明細書では使用される。好ましい重原子は35以上の原子番号を有し、臭素、ヨウ素、ビスマス、金、白金、タンタル、タングステン、およびバリウムが挙げられる。ある種の構成では、HACSCCPは本質的に放射線不透過性であってもよい。「本質的に放射線不透過性」と言う用語は、十分な数の重原子が、ポリマーに、医療的画像化方法(例えば、X−線によるおよび/または蛍光透視中)による検出の容易さを与えるために共有またはイオン結合で結合したポリマーを意味するために本明細書では使用される。HACSCCPは、これらが、顕著な利益を与えてもよいある程度の本質的な放射線不透過性を与えるために構成される医療用途を含む種々の用途で使用されてもよい。結合した重原子がポリマーに、医療的画像化方法による検出の容易さを与えるその程度は、一般的に、ポリマー中へ導入される重原子の量およびポリマーの構成(例えば、厚さ)によることが理解される。
当業者は、HACSCCPが種々の方法で、例えば、日常の実験を使用して、SCCポリマーを作製するために公知の方法を改良し、それによって、得られるポリマー中へ重原子を導入することにより調製されてもよいことを理解する。例えば、米国特許第5469867号に記載されている側鎖結晶性ポリマーの本質的に放射線不透過性形式は、相当するモノマーを、重原子を含むモノマーと共重合させることにより調製されてもよい。米国特許第5469867号は、参照として、特に、モノマー、ポリマーおよび重合方法を説明することの目的のために組み込まれる。重原子を含む適当なモノマーの例は、Kruftら、「Studies On Radio−opaque Polymeric Biomaterials With Potential Applications To Endovascular Prostheses」、Biomaterials 17(1996年)1803頁〜1812頁;およびJayakrishnanら、「Synthesis and Polymerization of Some Iodine−Containing Monomers for Biomedical Applications」、J.Appl.Polm.Sci.、44(1992年)743頁〜748頁に開示されている。HACSCCPは、また、後反応によって、例えば、米国特許第5469867号に記載されているポリマーへ重原子を結合させることにより調製されてもよい。HACSCCPを作るために重原子で改質されてもよいSCCポリマーの特定の例としては、J.Poly.Sci.10:3347頁(1972年);J.Poly.Sci.10:1657頁(1972年);J.Poly.Sci.9:3367頁(1971年);J.Poly.Sci.9:3349頁(1971年);J.Poly.Sci.9:1835頁(1971年);J.A.C.S.76:6280頁(1954年);J.Poly.Sci.7:3053頁(1969年);Polymer J.17:991頁(1985年)に記載されている、アクリレート、フルオロアクリレート、メタクリレートおよびビニルエステルポリマー、相当するアクリルアミド、置換アクリルアミドおよびマレイミドポリマー(J.Poly.Sci.:Poly.Physics Ed.11:2197頁(1980年);J.Poly.Sci.:Macromol.Rev.8:117〜253頁(1974年)およびMacromolecules 13:12頁(1980年)に記載されている様なポリオレフィンポリマー、Macromolecules 13:15頁(1980年)に記載されている様なポリアルキルビニルエーテル、ポリアルキルエチレンオキシド、Poly.Sci.USSR 21:241頁、Macromolecules 18:2142頁に記載されている様なアルキルホスファゼンポリマー、ポリアミノ酸、Macromolecules 12:94頁(1979年)に記載されているようなポリイソシアネート、Macromolecules 19:611頁(1986年)に記載されている様な、アミンまたはアルコール含有モノマーと長鎖アルキルイソシアネートとの反応による作られるポリウレタン、ポリエステルおよびポリエーテル、ポリシロキサンおよびポリシラン、ならびにJ.A.C.S.75:3326頁(1953年)およびJ.Poly.Sci.60:19頁(1962年)に記載されている様なp−アルキルスチレンポリマーが挙げられる。先のSCCポリマーは、種々の方法でHACSCCPを作るために重原子で改質されてもよい。例えば、重原子を持つモノマーは、先のポリマーを作製するために使用されるモノマーをヨウ素化および/または臭素化することにより調製されてもよい。これらの重原子を持つモノマーは、次いで、未改質モノマーと共重合してHACSCCPを調製してもよい。当業者は、重原子を持つモノマーおよび相当するHACSCCPを作るための条件を日常の実験で確認してもよい。
放射線不透過性は、好ましくは、診療所で使用される標準的方法のX−線蛍光透視によるヒトの胸部の背景に向けたステント構造の可視性を確実にするのに十分のものである。
温度計、撹拌機および還流冷却器を備えた樹脂製フラスコへ、500gのオクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン、250gのオクタフェニルシクロテトラシロキサン、および重原子を有するモノマーの250gのオクタ(ヨードフェニル)シクロテトラシロキサンを添加する。フラスコおよび内容物を150℃に加熱し、0.11gの水酸化カリウム−イソプロパノール錯体(中和当量=193.5)を添加する(Si:K比は、約4470:1)。溶液を約30分間撹拌する。溶液が有効な撹拌にとって粘稠になり過ぎたら(ポリマーの形成による)、ポリマーを、3〜4時間、およそ165℃まで加熱し、次いで、室温まで冷却する。得られたポリマーは、式(IV)(ここで、A3およびA4はヨウ素化フェニル基である)の繰返し単位、式(V)(ここで、R10およびR11はフェニル基である)の繰返し単位、およびジメチルシロキサン繰返し単位を含むHACSCCPである。
温度計、撹拌機および還流冷却器を備えた樹脂製フラスコへ、およそ135℃で撹拌した250gのキシレン、20gの4−ヨードスチレンの溶液、60gのデコサニルアクリレート、および11gのジ−t−ブチルペルオキシドを、およそ3時間掛けて添加する。添加が完了後、混合物を、さらにおよそ3時間撹拌し続けてさらに完全な転換を促し、次いで、室温まで冷却する。得られたポリマーは、式(II)(ここで、R7およびR8はHであり、A3はC6H4−Iである)の繰返し単位、および式(III)(ここで、L3はエステル結合であり、R9はC22炭化水素基を含む)の繰返し単位を含むHACSCCPである。
機械的撹拌機およびゴムセプタムを備えた500mLの二口丸底フラスコへ、30gの式(VII)(I2DT−ドコサニル)のモノマーおよび240mlの塩化メチレンを添加する。固体を、撹拌しながら溶解する。30mLの塩化メチレンに溶解した約4.34gのトリホスゲンを気密注射器に入れ、注射器ポンプで、一定速度で、約2〜3時間掛けて反応フラスコへ添加する。得られた粘稠ポリマー溶液を、約150mLのテトラヒドロフランおよび10mLの水を添加して希釈する。ポリマーを、イソプロパノール中でポリマー溶液を沈殿させることにより単離し、得られた固体を濾過し、真空下で乾燥する。ポリマーは、式(I)(ここで、X1はIであり、y1は2であり、y2は0であり、A1は−(C=O)−であり、R5は−CH2CH2−であり、R6は−CH2−であり、Qは、23個の炭素を含む結晶性エステル基である)の繰返し単位を含むHACSCCPである。
塞栓を次の通り行う:参考例3に記載された通りに調製したHACSCCPをロッド形状の塞栓医療デバイスに形成し、加熱したカテーテル中へ入れる。医者がカテーテルを、塞栓が形成されるべき動静脈瘻(AVF)へ送達する。塞栓が形成されるべき領域をさらによく決定するために基線血管造影を蛍光透視で行う。ロッドのHACSCCP塞栓剤をカテーテルを通して目標部位へ押し出す。カテーテルを局部加熱してHACSCCPを溶融し、カテーテルを通して流動可能とし、AVFに一致する液状形態で目標部位まで流動させて組織を塞栓する。HACSCCPは冷却し、目標部位で再結晶化する。HACSCCPの送達は、血流が目標域で止まるまで続けられる。血流停止は、造影剤を注入し、蛍光透視で眺めて確認する。HACSCCPは蛍光透視下で見ることができる。カテーテルを、不必要なHACSCCPの流動を止めるために冷却する。カテーテルを取り出す。
高粘度HACSCCPを利用し、HACSCCPを、動脈瘤の治療のために動脈へ送達する以外は、塞栓を、参考例4に記載されている通りに行う。塞栓が達成される。
送達前にHACSCCPをコイルの形状に形成し、放射線照射により架橋して記憶コイルを形成した以外は、外傷性出血動脈の塞栓を、全体に参考例4に記載されている通りに行う。加熱中に、記憶コイルは軟化し、カテーテルを通して動脈へ送達される可撓性ロッドを形成する。送達により、可撓性ロッドは冷却し、動脈内でコイル形状を戻し、それによって血流を減少させる。
1リットルの反応器中へ、90gのヨードスチレンおよび10gのヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)を充填する。約200mlのトルエン(溶剤)を添加し、反応器をアルゴンで慎重にパージする。次いで、0.5モル%のアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN、重合開始剤)を添加し、反応を70℃で約24時間行う。得られたヨードスチレンとHEMAのコポリマーの組成を、核磁気共鳴(NMR)分光法で確認する。次いで、30gのカプロラクトンを添加する。反応系を共沸脱水するために、約10%のトルエンを蒸留で除去し、次いで、100万分の100部のオクタン酸スズ触媒を添加する。温度を100℃まで上昇させ、ヨードスチレン/HEMAコポリマーのペンダントヒドロキシル基をグラフトさせることによりカプロラクトンを重合する。得られたHACSCCPをアルコール中で凝固させ、乾燥する。HACSCCPは、結晶性PCL側鎖の形態で約23%(NMR)の半結晶性ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)を含む。HACSCCPの固有粘度は、30℃のトルエン中で1.0を超え、相対的に高分子量を示す。
骨格およびPCL側鎖の分子量と一緒に、HEMAおよびヨードスチレンの相対的量を変えた以外は、一連のHACSCCP材料を、実施例1に記載された方法と同じ方法で調製する。一連のHACSCCPポリマーは、PCL結晶性側鎖の長さおよび側鎖間の間隔によって、ある範囲の融点を示す(長さが長くおよび/または間隔が短いと、高い融点、例えば、約60℃までの融点をもたらす)。一連のHACSCCPポリマーは、また、HACSCCP中へ導入されるヨードスチレンの繰返し単位の数によって、ある範囲の放射線不透過性を示す。
Claims (5)
- n4が2〜10の範囲の整数である、請求項1に記載のポリマー。
- 生体適合性である、請求項1または2に記載のポリマー。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のポリマーを含む医療デバイス。
- 繰り返すヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート単位を含むポリマーを用意する工程、および
前記ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート単位の少なくとも一部とカプロラクトンとを反応させる工程
を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のポリマーの製造方法。
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JP2009525062A (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
CA2831518A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
WO2007084444A2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
AU2011200350A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
JP2012111959A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
EP1973585A2 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
EP2446907A1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
CA2636004A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
CN101370532A (zh) | 2009-02-18 |
CA2831518C (en) | 2015-06-30 |
US9782523B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
CA2636004C (en) | 2014-01-14 |
RU2445979C2 (ru) | 2012-03-27 |
AU2007207700A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
RU2008133340A (ru) | 2010-02-27 |
US20060182779A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
US20110213456A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
EP2446907B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
US20180008753A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
EP1973585B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
WO2007084444A3 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
US8703113B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
JP5171645B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
AU2007207700B2 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
CN101370532B (zh) | 2014-02-12 |
AU2011200350B2 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
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