JP5551719B2 - 床擦れ低減及び加熱能力を持つ自己限定的電気手術用リターン電極 - Google Patents
床擦れ低減及び加熱能力を持つ自己限定的電気手術用リターン電極 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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Description
この出願は、2010年2月10日出願の「SELF-LIMITING ELECTROSURGICAL RETURN ELECTRODE WITH PRESSURE SORE REDUCTION AND HEATING CAPABILITIES」という名称の米国特許出願第12/703,475号の優先権及び便益を主張するものであり、それは、2009年2月26日出願の「SELF-LIMITING ELECTROSURGICAL RETURN ELECTRODE WITH HEATING CAPABILITIES」という名称の米国仮特許出願第61/155,687号の優先権を主張するものであり、それらの開示は、この参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
図11は、患者との実効接触面積が実質的に物理的電極サイズ未満であるときのシミュレーション条件を例示する本発明による電極の斜視図で、導電性金属裏打ち172及び半絶縁層174から成る電気手術用電極170を描写する。電極170、及びより具体的には半絶縁層174は、その上の患者を表す別の導電層176と接触している。電気手術用リターン電極170の自己限定的特徴(電流密度をしきいレベルより下に維持する)は、そのようなインピーダンスが半絶縁層174単独から生じようと又は導電性金属裏打ち172及び/もしくは導電層176との組合せで生じようと、電極170の全インピーダンスに起因して生じる。さらに、全インピーダンスは、導電性金属裏打ち172、半絶縁層174及び/又は導電層176のさまざまな抵抗性、誘導性、及び/又は容量性成分から生じてもよい。
|η|>4000Ω・cm (19)
であることを見いだした。従って、純粋に抵抗性の場合には、バルクインピーダンス(η)は、電極の導電性材料のバルク抵抗率(ρ)であると確認される。しかしながら、方程式19での結果は、抵抗性、容量性、及び誘導性成分、ならびにそれらの任意の組合せを含む、すべての材料及び電気成分に一般化される。電気手術用電極のバルクインピーダンスが4000Ω・cmより大きい限り、電極は、自己限定的挙動が抵抗性、容量性、誘導性インピーダンス、又はこれらのインピーダンスの任意の組合せに起因するかどうかにかかわらず、自己限定的であることになる。
上で述べたように、図11乃至図17は、前述の自己限定的特性を得るために用いられる形状及び材料の特性を規定するために説明される。なお自己限定的なままでありながら、容量性伝導を利用する電気手術処置に使用されてもよい電極に関連する説明に役立つ情報及び例を提示するための議論が、以下の本明細書でなされることになる。容量性伝導のもとで機能する電気手術用電極に関する議論が、本明細書でなされるけれども、同様の説明に役立つ情報及び例は、当業者には周知であるように、抵抗性及び誘導性伝導について提供されてもよい。
本発明者らは、κ及びω=2πfの公称値を所与として、ただしfは、電気手術用発生器周波数であるが、ε0の値とともにこれを使用して、容量性伝導に必要なρの値を見いだすことができる。
図18は、本発明の一実施形態による電気手術用電極の部分的分解図を例示する図で、図19は、電気手術用電極の構成を示す図18の電気手術用電極の構成要素のいくつかの分解図を例示する図である。図18及び図19を参照すると、本発明の代替実施形態が、描写される。図18及び図19で例示される電気手術用電極は、上で述べたように、電気手術処置中に患者のやけどを防止するように自己限定的である。例示される電気手術用電極はまた、電気手術用電極がその上に載っている患者を暖めることを可能にする加熱素子も含む。例示される電気手術用電極はまた、長時間の手術処置中に生じることもある褥瘡性潰瘍又は床擦れ発症の可能性を低減するのに役立つ1つ又は複数のパッドも含んでいる。自己限定的特性を床擦れ低減及び加熱特性と組み合わせることによって、本発明の電気手術用電極は、患者の快適度を高め、患者を床擦れの発症から保護しながら、本明細書で述べるような自己限定的電気手術用電極の便益を提供する。
Claims (19)
- 電気手術用電極に載っている患者での1つ又は複数の床擦れの発症を実質的に防止するように構成され、第1の側面と、対向する第2の側面とを有する少なくとも1つのパッドを含む、1つまたは複数のパッドと、
電流を伝導するように構成され、前記少なくとも1つのパッドの前記第1の側面に隣接して位置決めされる導電性素子と、
発熱素子及び熱拡散素子を含み、前記導電性素子とは前記少なくとも1つのパッドによって互いに相隔たるように、前記少なくとも1つのパッドと前記対向する第2の側面に隣接して位置決めされ、前記発熱素子は前記電気手術用電極に載っている患者を暖めるための熱を発生するように適合され、前記熱拡散素子は前記熱を前記電気手術用電極の表面領域にわたって均等に分布させるように適合される、加熱素子と
を含み、前記導電性素子及び前記1つ又は複数のパッドは、約4,000Ω・cm以上の実効バルクインピーダンスを有することを特徴とする電気手術用電極。 - 前記少なくとも1つのパッドに対向する前記加熱素子の側面上の、前記加熱素子に隣接して位置決めされた熱絶縁層をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記電気手術用電極は患者を上に載せるように構成された最上面を含み、前記1つまたは複数のパッドの1つは、前記導電性素子の上部に位置決めされ、その結果前記パッドは、前記導電性素子と前記最上面との間に位置決めされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記1つ又は複数のパッドは、粘弾性材料、ゲル、水、食塩水、水ベースの材料、導電性オイル、又はそれらの組合せから成る群から選択される材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記加熱素子は、前記電気手術用電極の底部表面近くに位置決めされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記加熱素子は、導電性繊維で形成される織物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記導電性素子は、電気伝導性繊維を含浸させた通常は絶縁性の材料を含み、前記電気手術用電極が、約4,000Ω・cm以上の実効バルクインピーダンスを有するようにすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記導電性素子及び前記1つ又は複数のパッドの前記実効バルクインピーダンスは、抵抗、静電容量、インダクタンス、又はそれらの組合せから成る群から選択される電気成分を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記導電性素子は電極を含み、該電極が、
所定の限定された電気伝導度の第1の層と、
所定の容量性リアクタンスを有する誘電性材料からなり、前記第1の層に接触し、前記第1の層を覆っている第2の層と
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気手術用電極。 - 電気手術用電極に載っている患者を暖め、前記患者での床擦れの発症を防止するための電気手術用電極であって、
電流を伝導するように構成され、第1の導電性素子表面と、対向する第2の導電性素子表面とを有する導電性素子と、
発熱素子及び熱拡散素子を含み、前記電気手術用電極に載っている患者を暖めるために、電気エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換し、前記熱エネルギーを均等に分布させるように適合され、第1の電気加熱素子表面と、対向する第2の電気加熱素子表面とを有する電気加熱素子と、
前記電気手術用電極に載っている患者での1つ又は複数の床擦れの発症を実質的に防止するように適合される第1のパッド及び第2のパッドであって、前記第1のパッドは、前記導電性素子と前記電気加熱素子との間に位置決めされ、前記第1の導電性素子の表面が前記第1のパッドの第1の側面に隣接して位置決めされ、前記第1の電気加熱素子の表面が、前記第1の側面に対向する、前記第1のパッドの第2の側面に隣接して位置決めされ、前記第2のパッドは、前記導電性素子の前記第2の導電性素子表面に隣接して位置決めされ、その結果前記第2のパッドは、前記導電性素子と前記電気手術用電極に載っている患者との間に位置決めされる、第1のパッド及び第2のパッドとを含み、
約4,000Ω・cm以上の集合的バルク抵抗を有することを特徴とする電気手術用電極。 - 前記第1のパッドは、前記第2のパッドよりも実質的に厚いことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記第1のパッド及び前記第2のパッドの少なくとも1つは、粘弾性材料、ゲル、水、食塩水、水ベースの材料、導電性オイル、又はそれらの組合せで形成されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記第1のパッド及び前記第2のパッドは、熱伝導性であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記導電性素子は、約4,000Ω・cm以上の実効バルク抵抗率を有する電気伝導性材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 電気手術中に患者の真下に配置されて、電気手術で使用される電気手術電流のためのリターン経路を提供するように構成される電気手術用電極であって、自己限定的であり、その結果前記電気手術用電流は、しきいレベルより下への接触面積の偶発的低減の場合に前記患者と前記電極との間の前記接触面積での望ましくない患者やけどを防止するように安全なしきいに制限される、電気手術用電極において、
互いに関連して内側部分を備える包被を形成する第1のカバー層及び第2のカバー層と、
発熱素子及び熱拡散素子を含み、前記内側部分内に配置され、前記電気手術用電極に載っている前記患者を暖めるために、熱を発生し、前記熱のエネルギーを均等に分布させるように適合される加熱素子と、
前記包被の前記内側部分内にかつ前記加熱素子の上に配置され、電流を伝導するように構成される導電性素子と、
前記内側部分内に配置される第1のパッドおよび第2のパッドであって、前記第1のパッドは、前記加熱素子と前記導電性素子との間に位置決めされ、前記第2のパッドは、前記導電性素子と前記第2のカバー層との間に位置決めされ、前記電気手術用電極に載っている前記患者での1つ又は複数の床擦れの発症を実質的に防止するように適合される第1のパッド及び前記第2のパッドと、
前記第1のカバー層と前記加熱素子との間に配置される断熱層であって、その結果前記断熱層は、熱を前記第1のカバー層から離れて前記加熱素子と前記導電性素子との方へ向ける、断熱層と
を含み、
前記第2のパッド及び前記導電性素子の実効バルクインピーダンスは、約4,000Ω・cm以上であることを特徴とする電気手術用電極。 - 前記第1のパッド及び前記第2のパッドは、前記加熱素子が発生する熱を前記電気手術用電極に載っている前記患者に伝えるように適合されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記加熱素子は、導電性繊維及び羊毛、ポリエステル、アラミド又はカーボン含浸ポリマーの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記断熱層は、熱を前記第2のカバー層の方へ向けることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の電気手術用電極。
- 前記断熱層は、前記電気手術用電極に載っている前記患者での1つ又は複数の床擦れの発症を実質的に防止するように適合されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の電気手術用電極。
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WO2008013459A2 (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Ward, Robert, William | Textile articles incorporating an electrical heating element(s) |
US8777940B2 (en) | 2007-04-03 | 2014-07-15 | Covidien Lp | System and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return pads |
US20080249524A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | System and method for providing even heat distribution and cooling return pads |
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CN102427772B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
AU2010218284A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
CA2753431A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
BRPI1013398B1 (pt) | 2021-04-27 |
KR20120022734A (ko) | 2012-03-12 |
CA2753431C (en) | 2018-05-29 |
BRPI1013398A2 (pt) | 2019-04-16 |
EP3590454A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
EP2400911B1 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
JP2012519029A (ja) | 2012-08-23 |
WO2010099026A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
CN102427772A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
KR101636751B1 (ko) | 2016-07-06 |
ES2752006T3 (es) | 2020-04-02 |
EP2400911A4 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP2400911A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
EP3590454B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
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