JP5544403B2 - 熱伝達組成物 - Google Patents
熱伝達組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5544403B2 JP5544403B2 JP2012187766A JP2012187766A JP5544403B2 JP 5544403 B2 JP5544403 B2 JP 5544403B2 JP 2012187766 A JP2012187766 A JP 2012187766A JP 2012187766 A JP2012187766 A JP 2012187766A JP 5544403 B2 JP5544403 B2 JP 5544403B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 183
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polyol esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QTHRIIFWIHUMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCCCCl QTHRIIFWIHUMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)I VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCC(Cl)OP(=O)(OC(Cl)CCCl)OC(Cl)CCCl DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical class BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical class IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FKCNNGCHQHSYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane;1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane;1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCF.FCC(F)(F)F.FC(F)C(F)(F)F FKCNNGCHQHSYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100040359 Angiomotin-like protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101000891151 Homo sapiens Angiomotin-like protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C/C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)=C(F)F NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150067361 Aars1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000197192 Bulla gouldiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical class F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002681 cryosurgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005015 local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
- C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
- C11D7/5018—Halogenated solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
- C11D7/505—Mixtures of (hydro)fluorocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/28—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C11D7/30—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
Description
(i)2,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロプロペン(R‐1234yf)
(ii)シス‐1,3,3,3‐テトラフルオロプロペン(R‐1234ze(Z))および/または
(iii)3,3,3‐トリフルオロプロペン(R‐1243zf)
を含有しなくてもよい。
ある範囲の蒸発および凝縮温度にわたりR‐32/R‐134a/R‐1234ze(E)(7%/46%/47%重量ベース)の三元ブレンドを評価するために、計装実験用冷却機を用いた。冷却機はポリオールエステル(POE)潤滑剤で固定容量形往復圧縮器を用い、蒸発冷媒に対する向流式熱交換器でグリコールを冷却した。冷却水を用いて、冷媒を向流式熱交換器で凝縮させた。比較試験を固定圧縮器容量で行い、凝縮器における冷媒の一定で等しい泡立ち点と冷媒の一定な蒸発器入口温度を維持するように熱伝達流体の流速を制御した。30℃〜40℃の凝縮器泡立ち点温度で、−35℃〜+5℃の蒸発器入口温度範囲にわたり、性能を評価した。
R‐32/R‐134a/R‐1234ze(E)(7%/46%/47%重量ベース)の三元ブレンドの混和性をポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)潤滑剤ND8で試験した。ND8濃度は10重量%であった。結果(以下参照)は、該ブレンドが0〜65℃で優れた混和性を有することを示している。
本発明の選択三元組成物の性能を、理想化された蒸気圧縮サイクルと関連した熱力学性質モデルを用いて評価した。熱力学モデルでは、温度に応じた混合物の各成分の理想ガスエンタルピーの変動の多項式相関と一緒に、混合物の蒸気相性質と蒸気‐液体平衡を表すために状態のPeng Robinson方程式を用いた。熱力学性質と蒸気液体平衡をモデル化する際におけるこの状態方程式の使用の背後にある原理は、The Properties of Gases and Liquids (5th edition) by BE Poling,JM Prausnitz and JM O’Connell pub.McGraw Hill 2000、特に第4および8章(参照によりここに組み込まれる)で更に詳しく説明されている。
凝縮温度(℃) 60
蒸発温度(℃) 0
準冷却(K) 5
過熱(K) 5
吸引温度(℃) 15
等エントロピー効率 65%
クリアランス比 4%
能力(kW) 6
吸引ライン直径(mm) 16.2
Claims (43)
- 30〜90重量%のR‐1234ze(E)、R‐32および10〜50重量%の1,1,1,2‐テトラフルオロエタン(R‐134a)を含んでなる、熱伝達組成物。
- R‐1234ze(E)、R‐32およびR‐134a以外の、熱伝達組成物において用いられることが知られた他の化合物の含有量が0.5重量%以下である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- R‐1234ze(E)、R‐32およびR‐134aからなる、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 150未満のGWPを有している、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- R‐32単独またはR‐1234yf単独よりも可燃性が低い、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- R‐32単独またはR‐1234yf単独と比べて、
(a)より高い可燃限界、
(b)より高い点火エネルギー、および/または
(c)より低い火炎速度を有している、請求項5に記載の組成物。 - 不燃性である、請求項5または6に記載の組成物。
- 潤滑剤と、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物とを含んでなる、組成物。
- 潤滑剤が、鉱油、シリコーン油、ポリアルキルベンゼン類(PABs)、ポリオールエステル類(POEs)、ポリアルキレングリコール類(PAGs)、ポリアルキレングリコールエステル類(PAGエステル)、ポリビニルエーテル類(PVEs)、ポリ(アルファ‐オレフィン類)およびそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 安定剤と、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物とを含んでなる、組成物。
- 安定剤が、ジエン系化合物類、ホスフェート類、フェノール化合物類およびエポキシド類とそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 難燃剤と、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる、組成物。
- 難燃剤が、トリ(2‐クロロエチル)ホスフェート、(クロロプロピル)ホスフェート、トリ(2,3‐ジブロモプロピル)ホスフェート、トリ(1,3‐ジクロロプロピル)ホスフェート、リン酸二アンモニウム、様々なハロゲン化芳香族化合物、酸化アンチモン、アルミニウム三水和物、ポリ塩化ビニル、フッ素化ヨードカーボン、フッ素化ブロモカーボン、トリフルオロヨードメタン、ペルフルオロアルキルアミン類、ブロモ‐フルオロアルキルアミン類およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 冷媒組成物である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含有している、熱伝達装置。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の、熱伝達装置における使用。
- 冷却装置である、請求項15に記載の熱伝達装置。
- 自動車空調システム、住宅用空調システム、業務用空調システム、住宅用冷蔵庫システム、住宅用冷凍庫システム、業務用冷蔵庫システム、業務用冷凍庫システム、冷却機空調システム、冷却機冷却システムと、業務用または住宅用ヒートポンプシステムからなる群より選択される、請求項17に記載の熱伝達装置。
- 圧縮器を内蔵している、請求項17または18に記載の熱伝達装置。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる、発泡剤。
- 発泡体を形成可能な1種以上の成分と請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の組成物を含んでなる発泡性組成物であって、発泡体を形成可能な1種以上の成分が、ポリウレタン類、熱可塑性ポリマーおよび樹脂、およびエポキシ樹脂と、それらの混合物から選択される、発泡性組成物。
- 請求項21に記載の発泡性組成物から得られる、発泡体。
- スプレーされるべき物質と、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる噴射剤とを含んでなる、スプレー用組成物。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を凝縮させ、その後、冷却されるべき物品の近くで該組成物を蒸発させることを含んでなる、物品を冷却する方法。
- 加熱されるべき物品の近くで請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を凝縮させ、その後、該組成物を蒸発させることを含んでなる、物品を加熱する方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる溶媒とバイオマスを接触させ、該溶媒から物質を分離することを含んでなる、バイオマスから物質を抽出する方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる溶媒と物品を接触させることを含んでなる、物品を清浄化する方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる溶媒と水溶液を接触させ、該溶媒から物質を分離することを含んでなる、水溶液から物質を抽出する方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含んでなる溶媒と粒状固体マトリックスを接触させ、該溶媒から物質を分離することを含んでなる、粒状固体マトリックスから物質を抽出する方法。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含有している、機械的動力発生装置。
- ランキンサイクルまたはその変法を用いて熱から動力を発生するように構成されてなる、請求項30に記載の機械的動力発生装置。
- 既存の熱伝達流体を除去して、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を導入する工程を含んでなる、熱伝達装置を改良する方法。
- 熱伝達装置が冷却装置である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 熱伝達装置が空調システムである、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 既存の化合物または組成物を含んでなる製品の作動から生じる環境影響を減らす方法であって、少なくとも部分的に既存の化合物または組成物を請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物で置き換えることを含んでなる、方法。
- 組成物または熱伝達装置がR‐134aを含有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、および/または請求項15および17〜19のいずれか一項に記載の熱伝達装置を製造する方法であって、R‐1243ze(E)およびR‐32を、R‐134aである既存の熱伝達流体を含有した熱伝達装置へ導入することを含んでなる、方法。
- 組成物または熱伝達装置がR‐134aを含有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、および/または請求項15および17〜19のいずれか一項に記載の熱伝達装置を製造する方法であって、R‐1243ze(E)およびR‐32と、潤滑剤、安定剤および/または難燃剤を、R‐134aである既存の熱伝達流体を含有した熱伝達装置へ導入することを含んでなる、方法。
- R‐1243ze(E)およびR‐32を導入する前に、既存のR‐134aの少なくとも一部を熱伝達装置から除去する工程を含んでなる、請求項36に記載の方法。
- R‐1243ze(E)およびR‐32と、潤滑剤、安定剤および/または難燃剤を導入する前に、既存のR‐134aの少なくとも一部を熱伝達装置から除去する工程を含んでなる、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 製品が熱伝達装置、発泡剤、発泡性組成物、スプレー用組成物、溶媒または機械的動力発生装置から選択される、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 製品が熱伝達装置である、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 既存の化合物または組成物が熱伝達組成物である、請求項35、40および41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 熱伝達組成物が、R‐134a、R‐1234yfおよびR‐152aから選択される冷媒である、請求項42に記載の方法。
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GB201002619D0 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2010-03-31 | Ineos Fluor Holdings Ltd | Heat transfer compositions |
FR2957083B1 (fr) | 2010-03-02 | 2015-12-11 | Arkema France | Fluide de transfert de chaleur pour compresseur centrifuge |
FR2959999B1 (fr) | 2010-05-11 | 2012-07-20 | Arkema France | Fluides de transfert de chaleur et leur utilisation dans des echangeurs de chaleur a contre-courant |
FR2959997B1 (fr) | 2010-05-11 | 2012-06-08 | Arkema France | Fluides de transfert de chaleur et leur utilisation dans des echangeurs de chaleur a contre-courant |
FR2964977B1 (fr) | 2010-09-20 | 2013-11-01 | Arkema France | Composition a base de 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
BR112013012557B1 (pt) | 2010-12-14 | 2021-03-02 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | método para a produção de resfriamento, método para a substituição do refrigerante e aparelho refrigerador |
MY161767A (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2017-05-15 | Du Pont | Combinations of e-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and at least one tetrafluoroethane and their use for heating |
US9169427B2 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2015-10-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Low GWP heat transfer compositions containing difluoromethane, a fluorinated ethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
KR101981035B1 (ko) | 2012-03-29 | 2019-08-28 | 제이엑스티지 에네루기 가부시키가이샤 | 냉동기용 작동 유체 조성물 |
RU2015108379A (ru) * | 2012-08-20 | 2016-10-10 | Ханивелл Интернешнл Инк. | Композиции теплоносителя с низким пгп |
US9783721B2 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2017-10-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Low GWP heat transfer compositions |
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GB201219962D0 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2012-12-19 | Mexichem Amanco Holding Sa | Compositions |
GB201220068D0 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2012-12-19 | Mexichem Amanco Holding Sa | Compositions |
US8940180B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2015-01-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Low GWP heat transfer compositions |
US9982180B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2018-05-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Heat transfer compositions and methods |
US11186424B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2021-11-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antiperspirant spray devices and compositions |
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JPWO2015022958A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-14 | 2017-03-02 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 熱伝達方法及び高温ヒートポンプ装置 |
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JP2015140994A (ja) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-08-03 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 空気調和機及び冷凍機油 |
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US9579265B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-02-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aerosol antiperspirant compositions, products and methods |
JP6593684B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-22 | 2019-10-23 | 国立大学法人 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学 | 4倍体ポプラの作出方法 |
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BR122013002802A2 (pt) * | 2008-11-19 | 2016-01-05 | Du Pont | composição, processo para produzir resfriamento, processo para produzir aquecimento, método, aparelhos e sistema de refrigeração estacionário |
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GB201002619D0 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2010-03-31 | Ineos Fluor Holdings Ltd | Heat transfer compositions |
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