JP5516727B2 - Electronic safety elevator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator safety system, and is particularly suitable for an electronic system in which mechanical safety devices are reduced to make them more electronic.

  Conventional elevators use a mechanical safety switch, relay circuit, etc. to detect excessive car travel (limit switch), secure the top clearance, confirm that maintenance personnel have entered the pit (pit switch), and doorway for inspection. A safety device is provided to check whether the door is open or closed (check port switch). In other words, the output of each safety switch is received by a relay circuit, and the relay circuit executes power shut-off and brake operation.

  Specifically, during maintenance operation, a limit switch that gives a stop command to limit the lowering of the car 1 and a final limit switch at the bottom are provided to ensure that the car is stopped near the lowest floor. It is known to decelerate when it passes the lower floor and falls to the position of the limit switch.

JP 2009-126039 A

  In the above-mentioned prior art, since the mechanical safety switch is used in the one described in Patent Document 1, the component wears and deteriorates as it is used, and the ON failure due to contact fixation or circuit short-circuit, and the contact Insufficient power supply or disconnection of wiring may cause an OFF failure, and regular inspections by maintenance personnel are required. In addition, since inspection work is greatly affected not only by the technical skills of individual maintenance personnel but also by the maintenance system, there is a possibility that incomplete inspection will occur.

  Furthermore, since the mechanical safety switch is usually configured using a cam, it occupies space in the hoistway, restricts the layout, and hinders improvement in transportation capacity. Furthermore, it is difficult to achieve a higher function with a mechanical safety device, and it is difficult to say that it is sufficient to decelerate at the position of the limit switch as in Patent Document 1.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art and realize higher-performance safety, reduce mechanical safety switches, reduce maintenance inspection targets, and improve reliability.

Another object is to increase the available space of the hoistway by reducing mechanical safety switches.
Furthermore, another object is to reduce the total cost including the common maintenance work and maintenance without depending on the technical ability of the maintenance staff.
Furthermore, another object is to enable self-diagnosis of the safety device, to improve the efficiency of investigation of the cause at the time of abnormality and replacement of parts at the time of maintenance.
The present invention is to achieve at least one of the above objects.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pulse generator that outputs a pulse in accordance with the amount of movement of a car in an electronic safety elevator that detects the position of a car that moves through a plurality of floors in a hoistway. And a position detection device for detecting that the car has reached a predetermined position, and counting the pulses after the predetermined position is detected, and when the counted value becomes a value stored in advance, A safety controller that outputs a command corresponding to the stored value, and the previously stored value corresponds to the first limit switch and the second limit switch after the car detects the terminal floor. It corresponds to the position to perform .

  According to the present invention, after a predetermined position is detected, the pulses are counted later, and when a pre-stored value is reached, a corresponding command is output, so the mechanical safety switch provided in the hoistway is It can be recognized by replacing it with an electronic position, and the function of the safety device can be executed. Accordingly, it is possible to realize higher-function safety and reduce the number of maintenance inspection targets and improve reliability.

1 is an overall configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. The figure explaining the output of the position detection sensor in one embodiment. The block diagram which shows the safety controller in one embodiment. The operation | movement figure which shows the relationship between the position of the passenger car in one embodiment, and the pulse number of a position detection apparatus. (If the car is below the lowest floor) The operation | movement figure which shows the relationship between the position of the passenger car in one embodiment, and the pulse number of a position detection apparatus. (If the car is above the lowest floor) The operation | movement figure which shows the relationship between the position of the passenger car in one embodiment, and the pulse number of a position detection apparatus. (When power is restored: If the car is on the middle floor) The operation | movement figure which shows the relationship between the position of the passenger car in one embodiment, and the pulse number of a position detection apparatus. (When power is restored: When the car is below the lowest floor) The whole block diagram which shows other embodiment in this invention. The block diagram which shows the safety controller in other embodiment. The operation | movement figure which shows the relationship between the position of the passenger car in another embodiment, and the pulse number of a position detection apparatus. (When power is restored: When the car is below the lowest floor)

Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
It is comprised with the electronic apparatus centering on the safety controller independent of the conventional elevator system, and a safety controller judges the safety state of an elevator combining the information of the several safety switch input. Therefore, since software can be used, it is possible to realize safety with higher functionality than a conventional relay circuit.
In addition, since the safety controller executes the safety function implemented by the mechanical safety switch with software, the number of mechanical safety switches can be reduced. For this reason, by reducing the number of safety switches, the number of maintenance inspection objects can be reduced, and the usable space of the hoistway can be increased due to the absence of the safety switch itself.
Furthermore, if the safety controller performs self-diagnosis of each safety switch, maintenance work that does not depend on the technical ability of maintenance personnel, that is, standardization and standardization is possible, and the quality and reliability of the work are improved.
Furthermore, by storing the operation history of the safety switch as a safety controller in a memory or the like, it is possible to investigate the cause at the time of an abnormality and increase the efficiency of parts replacement during maintenance.

  FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an elevator according to an embodiment, and a car 20 moves across a plurality of floors in a hoistway formed in a building, and is connected to a weight 22 via a rope 21. It is connected. The car 20 is moved by a motor 9, and the motor 9 is supplied with driving power by a power converter in the elevator control device 3. The encoder which is a pulse generator is attached to the motor 9, and the elevator controller 3 counts pulses generated by the rotation of the motor 9. The elevator control device 3 calculates the speed of the motor 9, the position of the car 20 in the moving direction, the moving distance, etc. by counting the pulses, and aligns the car and the landing.

  The car 20 is provided with a car-side door and a position detection sensor 27 that engage and close the landing-side door 23. The position detection device includes a position detection sensor 27, a terminal floor at a predetermined position, a floor at an intermediate floor, and detected plates 50 to 54 provided on the floor side of the terminal portion, and the car 20 is at a predetermined position. Identify what has been reached. The position detection sensor 27 detects an area (door zone) where the landing and the door of the car can be opened and closed.

  The detection plate 51 on the lowest floor, the detection plate 53 on the top floor, and the detection plate 52 on the middle floor are fixed to the floor surface, respectively, and the detection plate 51 on the bottom floor and the detection plate 53 on the top floor are on the way. It has a plate shape different from the detected plate 52 on the floor, and the lowest floor and the terminal floor can be identified. Further, at the terminal end of the lowest floor and the terminal end of the uppermost floor, a detected plate 54 that can identify the terminal end is provided.

  The governor 7 is wound around a governor rope connected to the car 20, and is rotated following the movement of the car 20. The amount of rotation is detected by a governor encoder 8 attached to the governor 7. Therefore, the governor encoder 8 generates a pulse corresponding to the movement amount of the car 20. Outputs from the position detection sensor 27 and the governor encoder 8 are input to the safety controller 2.

  The safety controller 2 is independent of the elevator control device 3, and outputs a power-off command or a brake operation command when the car 20 reaches a predetermined position and then reaches a predetermined position. The car 20 is stopped. Conventionally, a first limit switch position 24, a second limit switch position 25, and a third limit switch position 26, which are mechanical switches, are provided, and these positions are stored in advance and stored in the stored values. Corresponding commands are stored in the safety controller 2.

  The safety controller 2 replaces the first limit switch position 24, the second limit switch position 25, and the third limit switch position 26 with the corresponding positions based on the information of the position detection sensor 27 and the governor encoder 8. To detect. If the current position of the car 20 is determined, the safety controller 2 outputs a car current position determination signal 40 to the elevator control device 3. Furthermore, the safety controller 2 outputs a position signal 41 indicating the current position of the car 20 to the elevator control device 3.

  In order to output the number of pulses according to the movement amount of the car 20, instead of using the governor encoder 8, an encoder attached to the motor 9 or an encoder attached to the guide roller of the car 20 is used. In other words, the governor rope can be omitted and the occupied space can be reduced.

  FIG. 2 shows an output pattern according to the position detection sensor 27 (car side) and the shapes of the detected plates (floor side: 50, 51, 52, 53, 54) required for the detection of the terminal floor. The position detection sensor 27 is a three-axis sensor in which three pieces (sensor A, sensor B, and sensor C) are combined, and the detected plate is a sensor on the uppermost floor, the lowermost floor, and the middle floor as the terminal floor. Thus, the output is turned off, and the terminal floor can be identified. In addition, the sensor is configured such that all outputs of the sensor are turned on at the uppermost floor end portion above the uppermost floor and the lowermost floor end portion below the lowermost floor. In the figure, when the sensor of the position detection sensor 27 is opposed to the colored portion of the detection plate, it is turned ON and becomes “1”. On the top floor, the sensors A, B, and C are “1,”. “0, 1”, “1, 1, 0” on the middle floor, “0, 1, 1” on the lowest floor, and the vertical dimension in the figure of the detected plate corresponds to the length of the door zone. In addition, the sensor A, the sensor B, and the sensor C are “1, 1, 1” at the uppermost end and the lowermost end, and the vertical dimension is the same length as the area where the conventional final limit switch functions. When the safety controller 2 detects a combination of “1, 1, 1”, the power is cut off and the brake is operated in the same manner as the conventional final limit switch.

  The terminal floor can be identified by attaching a bar code only to the terminal floor, reading the bar code attached to the terminal floor using a bar code reader attached to the car, and detecting the gap length with the plate to be detected. The gap length may be different between the intermediate floor and the terminal floor using, and more floors can be identified by increasing the number of sensors.

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of functions implemented in the safety controller 2. The basic operation of each block will be described below.
The pulse counting unit 60 receives the governor encoder 8, counts pulses according to the movement amount of the car 20, and outputs the value to the car position detecting unit. The floor position identification unit 61 receives the output of the position detection sensor 27, identifies the current position of the car 20 using the output pattern as shown in FIG. 2, and outputs car position identification information.

  The car position detector 64 outputs the current position information of the car 20 to the car position data 62 and the switch function execution part 66 based on the counted value of the pulse and the car position identification information. The car position data 62 stores current position information and accumulates it as a history. This data is preferably stored mainly on the RAM. The floor position data 63 stores data such as the distance between floors and the distance from the shock absorber to each floor, and is input in advance by the maintenance staff from the building design information. This data is configured in a ROM or a flash memory. Further, when the update frequency is high, it is preferable to be configured on the RAM.

  The car position detection unit 64 refers to the car position data 62 and stops the output of the car position determination signal 40 when the car position information is not accumulated (not stored). Further, the distance between floors is calculated for each operation, and the floor position data 63 is referred to. If the distance is different from, for example, the stored distance between floors, this is output to the elevator controller.

  The switch position data 65 stores and stores data corresponding to the positions of electronic switches in the hoistway. These data are stored when the maintenance staff inputs from the design information of the building or by inputting in advance when manufacturing the safety controller. This data is mainly stored in ROM or flash memory.

  When the current position of the car matches the stored switch position data, the switch function execution unit 66 outputs a command to execute the function of the corresponding switch. For example, if the limit switch is a function of the corresponding switch, the power is cut off or the brake operation is executed to stop or decelerate the car. Moreover, the information of the switch function which act | operated to the elevator control apparatus 3 is transmitted.

  FIG. 4 shows three state transitions from (a) to (c) from when the car detects the lowest floor until it reaches a position corresponding to the first limit switch 24 and the second limit switch 25. Shown in stages. In the figure, the reference floor is 1F, and the number of pulses of the governor encoder for the downward direction of the hoistway of the car 20 is negative.

  The first limit switch is necessary to limit the moving direction of the car, and its function is to perform only the brake operation when the car 20 reaches the position corresponding to the first limit switch, The movement of the car 20 is permitted only in the upward direction. The second limit switch is called a final limit switch, and its function is to operate the brake and power supply so that the car does not collide with the shock absorber 30 when the car 20 reaches the first limit switch position. Implement blocking.

  The safety controller 2 determines the distance (L1 and L1 + L2) from the lowest-order detected plate 28 to the first limit switch 24 and the second limit switch 25, respectively, corresponding to the number of pulses output by the governor encoder 8. (L1 is -800 in the figure, and L1 + L2 is -1200).

  The actual lengths of L1 and L2 vary depending on various factors such as building conditions, the rated speed of the car, and the height of the car, but the mechanical first limit switch 24 and the second limit switch 25 In this case, installation and adjustment are essential to change what has been set once, and the work is difficult. However, in this example, the switch position data 65 stored in advance in the safety controller 2 may be initialized, so that the value stored in advance may be changed in later reconstruction, rehome, and the like. The data stored in advance may be input directly by the maintenance staff through the data terminal to the safety controller 2 or input in advance as the initial setting of the safety controller 2 at the time of shipment. Maintenance work such as the above becomes easy and the total cost is reduced.

  (A) shows a state in which the position detection sensor 27 has detected the detection plate 28 on the lowest floor. In this state, the detection output (for example, “0, 1, 1” on the lowest floor by the position detection sensor 27 is shown. ), The safety controller 2 determines that the car has reached the lowest floor, and initializes (initializes) the current position Lx of the car 20 to zero.

  (B) shows that the safety controller 2 starts counting pulses output from the governor encoder 8 by passing through the lowermost plate 28 to be detected, and relative to the lowermost plate 28 to be detected. Calculate the distance.

In (c), the car 20 has reached a position corresponding to the first limit switch. At this time, the safety controller 2 compares the current position Lx of the car with the position L1 corresponding to the first limit switch, and determines that they match, so it outputs a power-off command, and the elevator car 20 is stopped.
Although FIG. 3 shows the case of the lowermost floor, the same applies to the uppermost floor.

  FIG. 5 shows a state transition from when the car 20 detects the lowest floor to the position corresponding to the third limit switch 26 when there are virtual limit switches on the lowest floor and the intermediate floor. Are divided into three stages from (a) to (c).

  The function using the third limit switch is to provide a shock absorber 30 by ensuring a clearance at the top during work for maintenance personnel to enter under the pit, or by applying a brake early according to the position and speed of the car 20. It is required for the terminal floor forced reduction device that shortens the length of the terminal.

  The safety controller 2 stores in advance the distance (L3) from the lowest detected plate 28 to the third limit switch 26 as data corresponding to the number of pulses output from the governor encoder 8 (L3 in the figure is 700). doing.

  (A) shows a state in which the position detection sensor 27 has detected the detection plate 28 on the lowermost floor, and the lowermost floor detection output (for example, “0, 1, 1”) by the position detection sensor 27 is safe. The controller 2 determines that the car has reached the lowest floor and initializes the current position Lx of the car to zero.

  (B) shows that the safety controller 2 starts counting pulses output from the governor encoder 8 because the car 20 has moved up and the position detection sensor 27 has passed through the detection plate 28 on the lowest floor. The relative distance from the floor 28 to be detected is calculated.

  In (c), the car 20 has reached a position corresponding to the third limit switch. At this time, the safety controller 2 compares the current position Lx of the car 20 with the position L3 corresponding to the third limit switch and detects that they match, so the function of the third limit switch is implemented.

  Although FIG. 5 shows the case of the lowermost floor, the same applies to the uppermost floor. If a plurality of virtual limit switches between the lowermost floor and the intermediate floor are provided, a finer function can be realized. .

6 and 7 show the operation at the time of power failure, at the time of return from long-term non-operation, or at the time of return after an emergency stop.
FIG. 6 shows a case where the car 20 is on the intermediate floor, and (a) shows a state where the reference position floor N of the car 20 is unknown. At the time of a power failure or return from a long-term operation stop, the safety controller 2 cannot hold data, and the reliability of the position information on the reference position floor N and the current position Lx of the car 20 is lowered. The safety controller 2 may hold data by, for example, loading a backup battery or storing the data itself in the flash memory. However, when the power of the entire elevator system is turned off, the car 20 may move while the operation is stopped, and the actual position of the car 20 in the hoistway, the reference position floor N, and the current position There may be a relative shift between the position information of the position Lx.

  Similarly, in the case of an emergency stop, a strong braking force is applied to the car 20, so that slip occurs between the governor rope and the governor pulley, and the actual position in the hoistway of the car 20 and the current position Lx are shifted. There is a case.

  In the above case, the safety controller 2 turns off the car position determination signal 40 output to the elevator controller 3, and informs the elevator controller 3 that the current position of the car 20 has not been determined by the safety controller 2. Send.

  When the elevator control device 3 detects that the car position determination signal 40 is in the OFF state, it sets a limit on the operation speed of the car 20 and slowly starts the descent operation as shown in FIG. To do. At this time, the safety controller 2 also monitors the operation speed of the car, and when a speed abnormality occurs, the power is cut off and the brake operation is performed to stop the car.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6C, when the safety controller 2 reaches the lowest floor and the position detection sensor 27 detects that the lowest floor has been reached, the safety controller 2 generates a car position determination signal 40. Turns on and initializes (initializes) the current position Lx of the car 20 to 0. Therefore, the elevator control device 3 can restart the normal operation.

  FIG. 7 shows a case where the car 20 is below the terminal floor. In (a), the safety controller 2 is not sure of the current position of the car, so the position signal output to the elevator control device 3 (current The position determination signal 40 is turned off, and the fact that the current position of the car 20 has not been determined by the safety controller 2 is transmitted to the elevator control device 3. When the elevator control device 3 detects that the position signal 40 is in the OFF state, the elevator control device 3 sets a limit on the operation speed of the car 20 and starts the descent operation slowly. At this time, the safety controller 2 also monitors the operation speed of the car, and when a speed abnormality occurs, the power is cut off and the brake operation is performed to stop the car.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the safety controller 2 reaches the lowermost floor end and the position detection sensor 27 detects that the lowermost floor end is reached, the safety controller 2 Carry out the braking operation and stop the car. Next, when the car 20 is raised and the safety controller 2 detects that the position detection sensor 27 has reached the lowest floor, the safety controller 2 turns on the car position determination signal 40 and the current position Lx of the car 20. Is initialized to 0.

  According to the above, the position detection sensor 27 that can detect the door zone and identify the terminal floor, the governor encoder 8 that is a pulse generator that outputs a pulse according to the amount of movement of the car, and the position detection sensor 27 The safety controller 2 that receives the pulse generator, the safety controller 2 confirming the current position, and the car position determination signal 40 are output to the elevator control device 3, so that the conventional mechanical safety device is safe. It can be recognized by replacing it with an electronic position by the controller, and the function of the safety device can be executed. Therefore, it is possible to delete the mechanical switch, and it becomes possible to improve the maintainability and to effectively use the space of the horizontal area of the hoistway.

  FIG. 8 is an overall configuration diagram showing an elevator according to another embodiment, in which a distance measuring sensor 70 is provided in the lower part of the car, and the detection plates of the lowermost floor end portion 50 and the uppermost floor end portion 54 are used. Absent. The distance measuring sensor 70 may be any sensor that can measure the distance La shown in FIG.

  FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of functions implemented by the safety controller 2. A terminal floor position measuring unit 67 is added and distance information obtained by the distance measuring sensor 70 is output to the car position detecting unit 64. To do.

  FIG. 10 shows a case where a switch to be digitized is below the terminal floor, and the switch below the terminal floor is based on height information from the hoistway floor measured by the distance measuring sensor 70. Electronic (replaces mechanical switch).

  A case will be described in which the car 20 returns from a power failure or long-term outage below the terminal floor. When the car is below the terminal floor, it is within the range that can be detected by the distance measuring sensor 70 and the distance can be measured. Therefore, the position of the car from the hoistway floor of the car 20 is determined. It becomes possible to detect. When returning to normal operation, it is possible to return quickly without performing operation for detecting the reference position.

  According to the above, by adding a distance measuring sensor that can measure the terminal floor and below, it is possible to digitize multiple switches below the terminal floor even during a power failure or when returning from a long-term outage, In addition to contributing to space saving, it is possible to improve the operation speed at the time of return.

2 Safety controller 3 Elevator control device 7 Governor 8 Governor encoder (pulse generator)
9 Motor 20 Riding car 22 Weight 27 Position detection sensor (position detection device)
50 (bottom floor end), 51 (bottom floor), 52 (middle floor), 53 (top floor), 54 (top floor end)

Claims (10)

In an electronic safety elevator that detects the position of a car moving through multiple floors in a hoistway,
A pulse generator that outputs a pulse in accordance with the amount of movement of the car;
A position detection device for detecting that the car has reached a predetermined position;
A safety controller that counts the pulses after the predetermined position is detected and outputs a command corresponding to the stored value when the counted value is a previously stored value;
An electronic safety elevator characterized in that the prestored value corresponds to a position corresponding to a first limit switch and a second limit switch after the car detects a terminal floor. .   The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising: the position detecting device that detects that the car has reached the floor, wherein the pulses are counted after the floor is detected. Safety elevator.   2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the pulse is counted after it is detected that the car has reached the terminal floor, and the car is decelerated when the counted value becomes a pre-stored value. An electronic safety elevator characterized by being stopped. 2. The electronic safety according to claim 1, wherein the position detection device includes a position detection sensor provided in the car and a detected plate fixed to the floor side of the terminal floor. elevator.   2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the position detection device includes a position detection sensor provided in the car, and a detection plate fixed to each floor and having a length corresponding to a door zone. An electronic safety elevator featuring. In an electronic safety elevator that detects the position of a car moving through multiple floors in a hoistway,
A pulse generator that outputs a pulse in accordance with the amount of movement of the car;
A position detection device for detecting that the car has reached a predetermined position;
A safety controller that counts the pulses after the predetermined position is detected and outputs a command corresponding to the stored value when the counted value is a previously stored value;
Equipped with a,
The position detection device identifies a floor position by a position detection sensor provided in the car and a detection plate fixed to each floor,
The safety controller stores a car position detection unit that detects a current position of the car based on a value obtained by counting the pulses and information identifying the floor position, and data corresponding to a position in the hoistway. And a switch function execution unit that outputs a command corresponding to the data corresponding to the position in the hoistway when the current position of the car matches the current position of the car and the switch position data. An electronic safety elevator featuring.   2. The electronic safety elevator according to claim 1, wherein the prestored value can be changed.   When the terminal floor is detected by lowering the car at the time of a power failure, at the time of recovery from a long-term outage, or at the time of recovery after an emergency stop, the safety controller counts. Electronic safety elevator characterized by initializing values.   2. The electronic safety elevator according to claim 1, wherein current position information of the car is stored based on the counted value.   2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein car position data for storing current position information of the car is provided based on the counted value, and when the car position information is not stored, the car is An electronic safety elevator characterized by initializing a value counted by the safety controller when the terminal floor is detected by lowering.

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