JP5503299B2 - Plant freshness preservation agent - Google Patents
Plant freshness preservation agent Download PDFInfo
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- JP5503299B2 JP5503299B2 JP2010002537A JP2010002537A JP5503299B2 JP 5503299 B2 JP5503299 B2 JP 5503299B2 JP 2010002537 A JP2010002537 A JP 2010002537A JP 2010002537 A JP2010002537 A JP 2010002537A JP 5503299 B2 JP5503299 B2 JP 5503299B2
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、植物、採取植物、特に花きや切り花の鮮度保持剤に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a freshness-preserving agent for plants, harvested plants, especially flowers and cut flowers.
植物の収穫から、加工、物流、販売の色々な段階を経て、消費者に至る各要所において、植物の美観の損傷防止と鮮度保持が必要とされている。特に花きや切り花に関しては、一般の家庭における花の観賞、冠婚葬祭での室内装飾などの目的で、販売、その他取り扱いがなされているが、鮮度低下が早いこと、また栽培地から消費者の手元に届くまでに長い時間がかかることから、鮮度保持の長期化が強く望まれている。 There is a need to prevent damage to the beauty of plants and maintain the freshness at various points from the harvesting, processing, distribution, and sales of plants to consumers. In particular, flowers and cut flowers are sold and handled for the purpose of appreciating flowers in general households and interior decorations at ceremonial occasions. Since it takes a long time to reach the hand, it is strongly desired to maintain the freshness for a long time.
切り花の鮮度保持低下の要因として、水の腐敗による水の吸い上げ不良や植物ホルモンとして知られているエチレンの作用によるもの、更には、糖類などの植物の栄養素分の不足によるものなどが挙げられる。 Factors that reduce the freshness retention of cut flowers include poor water uptake due to water decay, the action of ethylene, known as a plant hormone, and the lack of plant nutrients such as sugars.
これらの要因に対して、新鮮な水中で水切りする方法、切り口を破砕または焼き、水あげを良くする方法、糖類などの栄養源を水に添加する方法（特許文献１）、細菌・カビの繁殖を防止する防腐剤・殺菌剤を添加する方法（特許文献２）、植物から漏出する物質、菌の発生による代謝物などのコロイド粒子を凝集させる目的で硫酸アルミニウムなどのコロイド粒子凝集沈殿剤を添加する方法（特許文献３）、エチレンの生合成を抑制するチオ硫酸銀などの化学薬品を添加する方法（特許文献４および５）など、切り花の寿命を延ばし鮮度を維持する様々な手法、工夫がなされており、各種の切り花鮮度保持剤が市販されている。 For these factors, a method of draining in fresh water, a method of crushing or baking the cut surface, improving water-feeding, a method of adding nutrient sources such as sugars to water (Patent Document 1), propagation of bacteria and mold Addition of preservatives and disinfectants to prevent stagnation (Patent Document 2), colloidal particle aggregation precipitants such as aluminum sulfate for the purpose of aggregating colloidal particles such as substances leaking from plants and metabolites due to generation of bacteria Various methods and devices for extending the life of cut flowers and maintaining freshness, such as a method of adding a chemical such as silver thiosulfate (Patent Documents 4 and 5) that suppresses biosynthesis of ethylene. Various cut flower freshness-preserving agents are commercially available.
しかしながら、これらの公知方法では十分な切り花の鮮度保持効果が得られず、また効果を発揮する切り花の種類が限定されていたり、使用法が煩雑であったり、環境や人畜への安全性が懸念されるものであったりと種々の問題点を抱えている。 However, these known methods do not provide sufficient cut flower freshness maintaining effects, the types of cut flowers that exhibit the effect are limited, the usage is complicated, and there are concerns about the safety of the environment and human livestock. And have various problems.
本発明は、従来技術の問題点に鑑みて行われたものであり、様々な植物の種類にかかわらず、鮮度保持効果を発揮し、尚かつ安全性の高い、植物の鮮度保持剤を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and provides a plant freshness-keeping agent that exhibits a freshness-keeping effect regardless of the types of various plants and that is highly safe. It is for the purpose.
本発明は、カワラヨモギ抽出物、特にカピリンを含有することで採取植物、特に花きや切り花に対して優れた鮮度保持効果を発揮することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 The present invention has been found to exhibit an excellent freshness-keeping effect on harvested plants, especially flowers and cut flowers, by containing an extract of Kawara mugwort, particularly capilin, and has completed the present invention.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤は、採取植物に対して好適である。ここで言う採取植物とは、植物から採取された一部または全体を、食用、観賞用などの目的で利用する植物である。採取植物の中でも花きに対して好適である。花きとしては、草花（切り花や鉢物）、野菜類、サボテン、多肉植物、観葉植物、山野草、花木、盆栽などが挙げられるが、その中でも特に切り花に対して好適である。 The plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention is suitable for harvested plants. The term “collected plant” as used herein refers to a plant that uses a part or the whole collected from a plant for the purpose of edible use or ornamental use. Among the collected plants, it is suitable for flowering. Examples of flowers include flowers (cut flowers and pots), vegetables, cactuses, succulents, foliage plants, wildflowers, flowering trees, bonsai, etc. Among them, they are particularly suitable for cut flowers.
本発明により、種々の植物、採取植物、特に花きや切り花に対して優れた鮮度保持効果を発揮し、尚かつ安全性の高い植物鮮度保持剤を提供できる。 According to the present invention, an excellent freshness-keeping effect can be provided for various plants, harvested plants, especially flowers and cut flowers, and a highly safe plant freshness-keeping agent can be provided.
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。 The present invention is described in detail below.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤は、カワラヨモギ抽出物またはカピリンを含む植物鮮度保持剤である。 The plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention is a plant freshness-keeping agent containing an extract of Kawara mugwort or capilin.
カワラヨモギは、キク科カワラヨモギ（学名：Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｉｓ Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）である。またカピリンは、キク科アルテミシア属に含まれる精油成分で、中でもカワラヨモギに多く含まれている。よって、カワラヨモギに含まれているものを使用すると良い。本発明で使用されるカワラヨモギの部位は茎または葉、花穂、など地上部であれば特に限定されることはない。カワラヨモギは抽出効率を高めるため、必要により機械的破砕手段によって粉砕などの工程を含めて良い。 An Artemisia is a asteraceae ( Antemisia capillaris chumb.). Capillin is an essential oil component contained in the genus Artemisia, and is particularly abundant in Artemisia. Therefore, it is good to use what is contained in Kawaramugi. There is no particular limitation on the part of the silkworm that is used in the present invention as long as it is an above-ground part such as a stem or leaf or a flower spike. In order to improve the extraction efficiency, the wormwood may include a step such as pulverization by mechanical crushing means as necessary.
カワラヨモギ抽出物、カピリンはカワラヨモギを抽出溶媒に浸漬して得るが、抽出溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコールなどの低級アルコール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、１，３−ブチレングリコールなどの多価アルコール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなどのケトン類、メチルエーテルやジエチルエーテルなどのエーテル類、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサンなどの炭化水素類などの有機溶媒、植物油や動物油脂などの油脂類、水を単独または混合して使用すると良い。これらの抽出溶媒で抽出したカワラヨモギ抽出物、カピリンはそのまま使用しても良いが、有効成分の含有量が低く多量に配合する必要がある場合もあるため、溶剤を完全に留去してあるいは適度に濃縮して使用しても良い。その際、成分が溶媒とともに留出することを防止するため、グリセリン、１，３−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールなどの多価アルコールや、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルなどを添加して濃縮しても良い。また、カワラヨモギから水蒸気蒸留により得た精油成分をそのまま使用しても良い。更に、超臨界流体などの公知の方法を用いて抽出した抽出物を使用しても良い。 Kawara mugwort extract, Capilin is obtained by immersing Kawara mugwort in an extraction solvent, but as an extraction solvent, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, Acetone, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as methyl ether and diethyl ether, organic solvents such as hydrocarbons such as hexane and cyclohexane, fats and oils such as vegetable oils and animal fats, and water may be used alone or in combination. . Kawara mugwort extract and capilin extracted with these extraction solvents may be used as they are, but since the active ingredient content is low and it may be necessary to add a large amount, You may concentrate and use. At that time, in order to prevent the components from distilling with the solvent, polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, etc. are added. And may be concentrated. Moreover, you may use the essential oil component obtained by steam distillation from Kawara mugwort as it is. Furthermore, you may use the extract extracted using well-known methods, such as a supercritical fluid.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤のカワラヨモギ抽出物含有量は、特に限定されないが、鮮度を保持するための量として０．００１〜１０重量％に調製して使用することが望ましい。 The content of the extract of the plant freshness agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably adjusted to 0.001 to 10% by weight as the amount for maintaining freshness.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤のカピリン含有量は、特に限定されないが、鮮度を保持するための量として０．００００１〜０．１重量％に調製して使用することが望ましい。 The capilin content of the plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to use it by adjusting it to 0.00001 to 0.1% by weight as an amount for maintaining freshness.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤の適応できる植物はその種類を問わない。切り花であれば、例えばバラ、カーネーション、ユリ、ラン、カスミソウ、トルコキキョウ、ガーベラ、キク、ソリダスター、サクラ、モモ、マキ、アルストロメリア、アジサイ、デルフィニウム、スターチス、ストックなどが挙げられる。野菜類であれば、例えばハクサイ、キャベツ、ホウレンソウ、レタス、コマツナ、シュンギクなどの葉菜類、キュウリ、トマト、ナス、ピーマン、イチゴなどの果菜類、ダイコン、ゴボウ、ニンジンなどの根菜類などが挙げられる。 The plant to which the plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention can be applied is not limited. Examples of cut flowers include roses, carnations, lilies, orchids, gypsophila, turkeys, gerberas, chrysanthemums, soridasters, cherry blossoms, peaches, makis, alstroemeria, hydrangea, delphinium, statice, and stocks. Examples of vegetables include leaf vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, cabbage, spinach, lettuce, komatsuna, and garlic, fruit vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper, and strawberry, and root vegetables such as radish, burdock, and carrot.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤の使用方法としては、植物の切断部（切り口部分）または全体を本発明の植物鮮度保持剤水溶液に浸漬する方法、本発明の植物鮮度保持剤水溶液を植物へ噴霧する方法、本発明の植物鮮度保持剤水溶液を鉢植えなどの土に直接噴霧または浸透させる方法、本発明の植物鮮度保持剤水溶液を不織布、繊維、紙製品、ウレタンまたはフェノール樹脂などの発砲体、綿、吸水性ポリマーなどの適当な吸収体へ吸収させ、花きや切り花、野菜類を包み込むまたは突き刺す方法などがある。 As a method for using the plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention, a method of immersing the cut part (cut portion) or the whole plant in the plant freshness-keeping agent aqueous solution of the present invention, and spraying the plant freshness-keeping agent aqueous solution of the present invention onto the plant Method, a method of directly spraying or infiltrating the plant freshness-keeping agent aqueous solution of the present invention into soil such as potted plant, the plant freshness-keeping agent aqueous solution of the present invention is non-woven fabric, fiber, paper product, foamed body such as urethane or phenol resin, cotton There is a method of wrapping or piercing flowers, cut flowers and vegetables by absorbing them in a suitable absorbent material such as a water-absorbing polymer.
本発明の植物鮮度保持剤は、糖類、コロイド粒子凝集沈殿剤、また、従来使用されている市販の植物鮮度保持剤および延命剤に添加することも有効である。添加方法としては、本発明の植物鮮度保持剤を水溶液の形でも、粉末の形でも添加することが可能である。 It is also effective to add the plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention to sugars, colloidal particle aggregating and precipitating agents, and commercially available plant freshness-keeping agents and life-extending agents that have been used conventionally. As an addition method, the plant freshness-keeping agent of the present invention can be added either in the form of an aqueous solution or in the form of a powder.
以下に本発明を実施例に基づき具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（製造例１：カワラヨモギ抽出物の調製）
乾燥したカワラヨモギの花穂３００ｇにエタノール１５００ｇを加えて常温にて２４時間浸漬して抽出後、ろ過し、カワラヨモギ抽出液１２００ｇを得た。これよりエタノールを留去し、カワラヨモギ抽出物１５．８ｇを得た。このカワラヨモギ抽出物中にカピリンは０．６０ｇ含有されていた。
(Production Example 1: Preparation of Kawara mugwort extract)
Ethanol 1500g was added to 300g of dried peach tree ears, immersed for 24 hours at room temperature, extracted, filtered, and 1200g of wormwood extract was obtained. Ethanol was distilled off from this, and 15.8 g of Kawara mugwort extract was obtained. 0.60 g of capyrin was contained in this extract of wormwood.
（製造例２：カピリンの調製）
製造例１の組成物からｎ−ヘキサンで抽出したものを、シリカゲルカラムに通液し、カピリン０．２０ｇを得た。
(Production Example 2: Preparation of Capillin)
What was extracted from the composition of Production Example 1 with n-hexane was passed through a silica gel column to obtain 0.20 g of capyline.
（実施例１〜８、比較例１）
製造例１または製造例２に記載の組成物を使用し、表１記載の実施例１〜８の鮮度保持剤および比較例１の組成物を作製した。なお、この表における配合量は全て重量％で示す。
(Examples 1-8, Comparative Example 1)
Using the composition described in Production Example 1 or Production Example 2, the freshness-keeping agents of Examples 1 to 8 described in Table 1 and the composition of Comparative Example 1 were prepared. In addition, all the compounding quantities in this table | surface are shown by weight%.
実施例１〜８の鮮度保持剤および比較例１の組成物を用いて、それぞれについて市販のカーネーション（品種マーロ）の鮮度保持試験を行った。切り花はできるだけ生長状態および鮮度状態が同様のものを選別し、水中で茎を鋭利なハサミで５０ｃｍの長さに切断して使用した。実施例１〜８の鮮度保持剤および比較例１の組成物、各２００ｍｌに切り花を３本ずつ差した。生育条件は気温２５℃、湿度６０％、照度３０００ｌｕｘの条件で行った。鮮度保持評価は目視により行い、花弁の枯れ具合、ベントネックの発生の有無、茎葉の枯れ具合などから、観賞が可能な程度を判断し、その程度が維持された日数を日持ち日数とした。その結果を表２に示す。 Using each of the freshness-keeping agents of Examples 1 to 8 and the composition of Comparative Example 1, a freshness-keeping test of a commercially available carnation (variety Maro) was performed. Cut flowers with similar growth and freshness were selected as much as possible, and the stems were cut into 50 cm lengths with sharp scissors in water. Three fresh flowers were added to 200 ml each of the freshness-preserving agents of Examples 1 to 8 and the composition of Comparative Example 1. The growth conditions were as follows: temperature 25 ° C., humidity 60%, illuminance 3000 lux. The freshness maintenance evaluation was performed visually, and the degree of appreciation was judged from the degree of petal dying, the presence or absence of bent neck, the degree of wilt of leaves and stems, etc., and the number of days that the degree was maintained was defined as the number of days. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２より明らかなように、実施例１〜８はカワラヨモギ抽出物またはカピリンを含む鮮度保持剤であり、比較例１と比べ、日持ち日数が長いことが確認され、優れた鮮度保持効果を示すことが確認された。 As is clear from Table 2, Examples 1 to 8 are freshness-keeping agents containing the extract of Kawaramugi and capilin, and it is confirmed that the shelf life is longer than that of Comparative Example 1, and show an excellent freshness-keeping effect. Was confirmed.
Claims (3)
A cut flower treated with the cut flower freshness-keeping agent according to claim 1.
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