JP5465308B1 - Ship propeller shaft bending state grasping method and ship propeller shaft bending state grasping device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To grasp a bent state of a propeller shaft in a state where a propeller is mounted on a ship, and to grasp a bent state easily and accurately using a small and inexpensive device. It can be so.
A base 20 that is detachably attached to a hull, a laser pointer 30 that emits a laser beam, and a support mechanism 50 that supports a holding portion 40 of the laser pointer 30 so as to be movable and positionable with respect to the base 20 are provided. Using the bent state grasping device T, a display surface H displaying a reference point K through which the axis of the propeller shaft 1 passes is formed at the tip of the projecting portion 3 of the propeller shaft 1, and the position of the installed laser pointer 30 is irradiated. The laser beam irradiation point S is adjusted to be positioned at the reference point K, and then the propeller shaft 1 is rotated once in a state where the laser beam is irradiated from the laser pointer 30, and the displacement δ of the reference point K relative to the irradiation point S is set. Detect.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for grasping a bent state of a propeller shaft of a ship and a device for grasping a bent state of a propeller shaft of a ship that can easily grasp the bent state of the propeller shaft of the ship while the propeller is mounted on the ship.

In general, as shown in FIG. 13, in a work ship such as a fishing boat, a ship such as a cargo ship or a passenger ship, for example, a propeller shaft 1 connected to an engine in the hull is provided on a bearing 2 provided on the stern side of the hull. A propeller 4 is attached to the protruding portion 3 protruding from the bearing 2 while supporting the shaft. Further, behind the propeller 4, a rudder plate 5 is provided on the hull so as to be swingable.
As shown in FIG. 14, the propeller 4 includes a substantially frustoconical core 6 having a tapered hole 6 a and a plurality of blades 7 provided around the core 6, and the tip side of the projecting portion 3 of the propeller shaft 1. Is formed in a tapered shape, and the taper hole 6a of the core 6 is inserted into the protruding portion 3 and attached to the propeller shaft 1. A key 6b is interposed between the taper hole 6a of the core 6 and the protruding portion 3 to prevent relative rotation.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14A, a female screw 8 is provided on the distal end side of the projecting portion 3 so as to press the propeller 4 attached to the projecting portion 3 and has the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis. It has been. A stepped bolt insertion hole 9 with the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis is formed at the tip of the projecting portion 3, and a streamlined crown body 10 that prevents the propeller 4 from coming off is provided. The crown body 10 is fixed to the tip of the protruding portion 3 by inserting a set bolt 11 that is rotated by, for example, a hexagon wrench into the bolt insertion hole 9 and screwing it into the female screw 8.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 14 (b), a male screw 12 is provided at the distal end side of the projecting portion 3 to press the propeller 4 attached to the projecting portion 3 and uses the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis. Is provided. A lock nut 13 is screwed into the male screw 12, and the periphery of the insertion hole 6 a of the core 6 of the propeller 4 is pressed by this lock nut to suppress the removal of the propeller 4. Further, a streamlined crown body 14 is fixed to the tip of the protruding portion 3 with a bolt or the like not shown.

  By the way, in such a propeller shaft 1, if the propeller hits an obstacle during navigation, the protrusion 3 may be bent. In this case, even if the bend is slight, the propeller 4 is rotated. Problems arise, such as trouble in navigation and cavitation. Therefore, during the maintenance of the ship, the bending state of the propeller shaft 1 is grasped, and when the bending exceeds the allowable limit, the bending is corrected.

Conventionally, as a method of grasping a bent state of a propeller shaft of a ship, for example, there is a well-known method performed using a torus can used for centering a cylindrical workpiece or inspecting a parallel plane.
Moreover, although it is not the technique for ship propeller shafts, it is provided in parallel with the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of the propeller shaft 1, for example, using the technique published in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2011-191077 (patent document 1). A parallel target body is attached to the parallel target body, and a laser beam having directivity is irradiated from the laser light emitting section to the width change section formed on the parallel target body in the rotation of the propeller shaft 1 from the light emitting section. The light beam is scanned, and the reflected light from the width changing portion is received by the light receiving portion. Based on the setting program stored in advance in a calculation portion such as a CPU, the change in the light receiving time and the shaft runout of the rotating shaft body are detected. It is also conceivable to obtain the axial runout of the propeller shaft 1 in the axial direction by utilizing the one-to-one correspondence relationship with the change.

JP 2011-191077 A

However, when grasping the bend of the propeller shaft 1 and removing the propeller shaft 1 from the hull and applying the above-described conventional method, the measurement accuracy is improved, but the propeller shaft 1 must be removed from the hull one by one. When the bending is within the allowable range, the removal work is wasted, and the work becomes complicated accordingly.
In addition, when the above-described conventional method is applied in a state where the propeller shaft 1 is mounted on the hull, in the former method using the torus, the torus that corresponds to the propeller shaft of the ship has a certain degree. Since the size is necessary, there is a problem that the conveyance work and the measurement work are complicated, the work efficiency is poor, the measurement accuracy is inferior, and it is difficult to determine whether the bending exceeds the allowable range.
On the other hand, in the latter method using the laser beam, the measurement accuracy is improved, but since the reflected light is received and the calculation unit performs the calculation, the apparatus becomes complicated, expensive, and inferior in versatility. There is.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and enables the propeller shaft to be grasped in a state where the propeller is mounted on the ship, and uses a small and inexpensive device. An object of the present invention is to provide a propeller shaft bending state grasping method for a ship that is easy to work and can grasp a bending state with high accuracy. Moreover, it aims at providing the propeller shaft bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus of the ship which implement | achieves this method.

In order to achieve such an object, the propeller shaft bending state grasping method of the present invention is supported by a bearing provided on the stern side of the hull, and a propeller is mounted on a protruding portion protruding from the bearing. In the method of grasping the bending state of the propeller shaft of the ship that detects the bending of the protruding portion of the shaft,
A display surface displaying a reference point through which the axis of the propeller shaft passes is formed at the tip of the projecting portion, a laser pointer for irradiating the display surface with a laser beam is installed outside the display surface, and the laser pointer The position is adjusted so that the irradiation point of the laser beam irradiated from the laser pointer is positioned at the reference point, and then the propeller shaft is rotated once in a state where the laser beam is irradiated from the laser pointer, and the reference point The displacement δ with respect to the irradiation point is detected.

  Thus, first, a display surface displaying a reference point through which the axis of the propeller shaft passes is formed at the tip of the protrusion of the propeller shaft. The display surface may be the front end surface of the protruding portion, or may be formed by separately attaching a display object to the front end surface. The reference point may be drawn with a writing instrument, or if it is metal, it may be provided with a point recessed by a punch. Then, a laser pointer is installed, and the position is adjusted so that the irradiation point of the laser beam irradiated from the laser pointer is positioned at the reference point. In this case, the laser beam may be tilted to some extent with respect to the axis of the propeller shaft, but it is preferable that the laser beam be adjusted so as to be substantially along the axis of the propeller shaft as much as possible. In this state, the propeller shaft is rotated once to detect the displacement δ of the reference point with respect to the irradiation point.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, when the protruding portion 3 is bent, the portion of the propeller shaft 1 that is supported on the hull side from the bearing is hardly bent. The reference point K performs a turning motion around the normal center point P that is the intersection of the straight true axis extending the axis 1 and the display surface H, and the locus R becomes a circle. That is, the reference point K performs a turning motion along a locus R of a circle passing a → c → b → d in FIG. For this reason, a displacement δ of the reference point K with respect to the irradiation point S occurs. At the displacement δ, the diameter of the locus circle becomes the maximum displacement δmax. Thereby, it can be determined whether or not the bending exceeds an allowable range. In this case, since the degree of bending can be determined by detecting the displacement δ between the irradiation point S of the laser pointer 30 and the reference point K displayed on the display surface H, the propeller can be changed to the ship with the bending state of the propeller shaft 1. It can be grasped in the mounted state. Further, by using a small and inexpensive device called the laser pointer 30, it is possible to grasp the bent state with easy work and high accuracy. When it is determined that the displacement δ exceeds the allowable range, the propeller shaft is removed from the hull, the bend is corrected by another dedicated machine, and it is incorporated into the hull again.

And, if necessary, the propeller shaft is provided to hold the propeller mounted on the projecting portion on the distal end side of the projecting portion and is provided with a female screw with the axis as the axis.
A detection bolt to be screwed into the female screw is prepared, and a reference point passing through the axis of the detection bolt is displayed on the display surface in advance with the surface of the bolt head of the detection bolt as a display surface. A detection bolt displaying a dot is screwed into the female screw to form a display surface at the tip of the protruding portion.
As a result, it is difficult to display the reference point directly on the protruding portion because it is difficult to determine the position of the reference point, but since it is displayed on the surface of the bolt head of the detection bolt, the display becomes extremely easy, The reference point can be displayed at an accurate position. That is, for example, a detection bolt is chucked on a lathe or the like, and a reference point is stamped and displayed at the center of the surface of the bolt head. Since the female screw formed in the protrusion is centered on the axis of the propeller shaft, if the detection bolt is screwed in and attached, the axis of the detection bolt will be along the axis of the propeller shaft, and therefore the bolt head The reference point is located on the axis of the propeller shaft. Therefore, the position of the reference point can be easily displayed on the display surface, and the displacement δ can be accurately detected.

And, if necessary, the propeller shaft is configured to be provided with a male screw with the axis as an axis provided to press the propeller mounted on the protrusion on the tip side of the protrusion. ,
A detection nut that is screwed onto the male screw is prepared, and a reference point that passes through the axis of the detection nut is displayed on the display surface in advance with the surface of the detection nut being the display surface. A detection cap nut displaying a dot is screwed into the male screw to form a display surface at the tip of the protruding portion.
As a result, it is difficult to display the reference point directly on the protrusion because it is difficult to determine the position of the reference point, but since it is displayed on the surface of the cap nut for detection, the display becomes extremely easy and accurate. The reference point can be displayed at the position. That is, for example, the detection cap nut is chucked on a lathe or the like, and the reference point is stamped and displayed at the center of the surface by punching. The male screw formed on the protrusion is centered on the axis of the propeller shaft, so when the detection nut is screwed in and attached, the axis of the detection nut will be along the axis of the propeller shaft, so the reference point is It will be located on the axis of the propeller shaft. Therefore, the position of the reference point can be easily displayed on the display surface, and the displacement δ can be accurately detected.

  Further, if necessary, the maximum displacement δmax of the reference point with respect to the irradiation point is measured when necessary. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, for example, when the center of the irradiation point S is a point and the position where the center of the reference point K is farthest from the point a is the point b, the point b is found. Then, with the reference point K positioned at the point b, the distance between the points a and b is measured with a measuring instrument such as a caliper, and this measured value is set as the maximum displacement δmax. In this way, when the maximum variation δmax is measured, the reference point K is a turning motion around the normal center point P that is the intersection of the straight true axis extending the axis of the propeller shaft on the hull side and the display surface. However, since the diameter of the circle which is the locus becomes the maximum displacement δmax, the deviation from the normal center point P can be known, so it can be determined whether or not the bending exceeds the allowable range. When it is judged that the allowable range is exceeded, remove the propeller shaft from the hull and correct the bending with another dedicated machine. At this time, the deviation from the normal center point P is known. Will be able to do.

Further, if necessary, the diameter Dk of the reference point is set to 0.01 mm ≦ Dk ≦ 0.03 mm, and the diameter Ds of the laser beam irradiation point is set to 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm. When the propeller shaft is rotated once in a state of being irradiated with a laser beam from the laser pointer, when the reference point goes out of the irradiation point, it is determined that the bending exceeds an allowable range, and the reference point The maximum displacement δmax with respect to the irradiation point is measured, and when the reference point is within the irradiation point, it is determined that the bending is within the allowable range. When it is determined that the bending is within the allowable range, the maximum displacement δmax need not be measured.
If the diameter Dk of the reference point is less than 0.01 mm, it is difficult to visually recognize the reference point. If the diameter Dk of the reference point exceeds 0.03 mm, the reference point becomes too large and affects the accuracy.

  When the maximum displacement δmax exceeds 0.5 mm, typically around 0.3 mm, more strictly, when it exceeds 0.1 mm, it can be determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range. Therefore, if the diameter Ds of the irradiation point is set in the range of 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm, it is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.4 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm ± If set to 0.05 mm, when the propeller shaft is rotated once, if the reference point goes out of the irradiation point, it can be determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range. In that case, the maximum displacement δmax can be measured and used for subsequent correction. On the other hand, when the reference point is within the irradiation point, it can be determined that the bend is within an allowable range, and the measurement of the maximum displacement δmax does not have to be performed. When it is determined that the bending is within the allowable range, the propeller shaft is not removed as a pass.

Further, the propeller shaft bending state grasping device for achieving the above-mentioned object is a propeller shaft bending state grasping device used when carrying out the above-described ship propeller shaft bending state grasping method,
A base that is detachably attached to the hull, a laser pointer that emits a laser beam, a holding portion that holds the laser pointer, and a support mechanism that supports the holding portion so as to be movable and positionable with respect to the base. It is composed.

  Thereby, since this apparatus is supported by the laser pointer via the support mechanism, the structure is extremely simple, it can be produced at a relatively low cost, and versatility can be improved. Moreover, when grasping the bending state of the propeller shaft using this apparatus, the base is attached to the hull, and then the irradiation point of the laser beam irradiated from the laser pointer by moving the support mechanism is positioned at the reference point. However, since the laser pointer can be moved and positioned simply by moving the support mechanism, the operation can be performed very easily. Further, since the base is attached to the hull, the positional relationship of the laser pointer with respect to the propeller shaft can be made harder to move than when installed on the ground, and the bending state can be accurately grasped.

  If necessary, the base is connected to a pair of clip pieces that are opposed to each other so that one end side thereof can be opened and closed, a spring that biases one end side of the clip piece in a closing direction, The clip is provided with a handle that moves one end side in the opening direction against the biasing force of the spring. It can be easily attached and detached, and can be securely fixed to the hull.

  If necessary, the base is constituted by a magnet base that can be switched between an excited state magnetized on the magnetic body of the hull and a demagnetized state released from the magnetic body. It can be easily attached and detached, and can be securely fixed to the hull.

  Furthermore, if necessary, the support mechanism includes a flexible tube arm having one end fixed to the base and the other end fixed to the holding portion and can be bent in all directions. When the laser pointer is moved and positioned, the position and orientation of the laser pointer can be changed in all directions by bending the flexible tube arm, the operability is good, and the operation can be performed very easily.

  Furthermore, an arm group in which the support mechanism is connected to the base, one end side being provided on the base and the other end side being provided on the holding portion, and a plurality of arms being sequentially connected around at least one axis as necessary. And comprising. When the laser pointer is moved and positioned, the position and orientation of the laser pointer can be made variable by the relative rotation of each arm, the operability is good, and the operation can be performed very easily.

  Further, if necessary, the holding unit, a holding body that holds the laser pointer, a rail that supports the holding body so as to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction of the laser beam irradiated by the laser pointer, And a measurement display unit that measures and displays the movement distance of the holding body relative to the rail. Thereby, the maximum displacement δmax with respect to the irradiation point of the reference point can be measured when necessary using the measurement display unit. For example, when the center of the irradiation point is a point and the position where the center of the reference point is farthest from the point a is b point, the measurement display unit is set to zero when the irradiation point a is irradiated. If the point b is found, the holding body is moved with respect to the rail with the reference point positioned at the point b, and the irradiation point is superimposed on the reference point b. Thereby, since the distance of the irradiation point moved from the point a to the point b is displayed, the displayed value is set as the maximum displacement δmax. In this case, the maximum variation δmax can be measured only by moving the holding body without measuring with a caliper one by one, and the measurement work can be performed very easily.

Further, if necessary, the laser pointer is configured so that a semiconductor laser device is housed in a case body, and an irradiation unit that emits a laser beam emitted from the laser device is provided at one end of the case body. The aperture member for setting the diameter Ds of the laser beam irradiation point to 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm is provided.
Thus, as described above, when the diameter Dk of the reference point is set to 0.01 mm ≦ Dk ≦ 0.03 mm and the propeller shaft is rotated once in a state where the laser beam is irradiated from the laser pointer, the reference point is When going outside the irradiation point, it is determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range and the maximum displacement δmax of the reference point with respect to the irradiation point is measured. When the reference point is within the irradiation point, the bending is determined to be within the allowable range. Thus, it is possible to cope with not measuring the maximum displacement δmax.
That is, when the maximum displacement δmax exceeds 0.5 mm, typically around 0.3 mm, more strictly, when it exceeds 0.1 mm, it can be determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range. Therefore, if the diameter Ds of the irradiation point is set in the range of 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm, it is preferably in the range of 0.2 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.4 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm ± If set to 0.05 mm, when the propeller shaft is rotated once, if the reference point goes out of the irradiation point, it can be determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range. In that case, the maximum displacement δmax can be measured and used for subsequent correction. On the other hand, when the reference point is within the irradiation point, it can be determined that the bend is within an allowable range, and the measurement of the maximum displacement δmax does not have to be performed. When it is determined that the bending is within the allowable range, the propeller shaft is not removed as a pass.

  In this case, if necessary, the diaphragm member includes a cylindrical main body having a central axis in the optical axis direction, and a conical bottom formed on the base end side of the main body and having an axis along the central axis. The incident port, the exit port having a conical bottom formed on the tip side of the main body and having an axis along the central axis, and the bottom of the incident port and the bottom of the exit port. And a communication hole having an axis along the central axis. The diameter Da of the communication hole is set to 0.1 mm ≦ Da ≦ 0.5 mm. Thereby, the diameter Ds of the irradiation point can be set in a range of 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm. For this reason, even a commercially available general-purpose laser pointer having a relatively large irradiation point can be used as a laser pointer required by the present invention by attaching this diaphragm member, and an apparatus can be easily constructed. .

  According to the present invention, the bent state of the propeller shaft can be grasped in a state where the propeller is mounted on the ship, and the operation can be easily and accurately performed using a small and inexpensive device. The state can be grasped.

It is a perspective view which shows the bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus used for the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention in the attachment state. It is a front view which shows the bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the aperture member of a laser pointer in the bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the diameter Dk of a reference point, and the diameter Ds of the irradiation point of a laser beam in the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which attached the detection volt | bolt to the protrusion part of the propeller shaft in the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the grasping principle of the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the grasping principle of the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows another bending state grasping | ascertainment apparatus used for the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention in the attachment state. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which attached the nut for a detection to the protrusion part of the propeller shaft in the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the relationship between the protrusion part of a propeller shaft, and the nut for a detection in the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the ship to which the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention is applied. The example of the propeller shaft to which the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention is shown is shown, (a) is a case where the internal thread is provided in the protrusion part of the propeller shaft. Sectional drawing, (b) is a sectional view in the case where a projecting portion of the propeller shaft is provided with a male screw.

Hereinafter, based on an accompanying drawing, a bending state grasping method of a propeller shaft of a vessel and a bending state grasping device of a propeller shaft of a vessel concerning an embodiment of the invention are explained in detail.
As shown in FIG. 13, for example, in a ship such as a fishing boat or a ship such as a cargo ship or a passenger ship, the ship targeted by the present embodiment includes, for example, a propeller shaft 1 connected to an engine in the hull. The propeller 4 is mounted on the projecting portion 3 projecting from the bearing 2 while being pivotally supported by a bearing 2 provided on the stern side of the hull. Further, behind the propeller 4, a rudder plate 5 is provided on the hull so as to be swingable.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 7, and 14 (a), the propeller 4 includes a substantially frustoconical core 6 having a tapered hole 6 a and a plurality of blades 7 provided around the core 6. A tip end side of the projecting portion 3 of the shaft 1 is formed in a taper shape, and a taper hole 6 a of the core 6 is inserted into the projecting portion 3 and attached to the propeller shaft 1. A key 6b is interposed between the taper hole 6a of the core 6 and the protruding portion 3 to prevent relative rotation.

  Further, a female screw 8 is provided on the tip side of the projecting portion 3 so as to press the propeller 4 attached to the projecting portion 3 and has the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis. A stepped bolt insertion hole 9 with the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis is formed at the tip of the projecting portion 3, and a streamlined crown body 10 that prevents the propeller 4 from coming off is provided. The crown body 10 is fixed to the tip of the projecting portion 3 by inserting a set bolt 11 (FIG. 14A) rotated by a hexagonal wrench into the bolt insertion hole 9 and screwing it into the female screw 8, for example. Has been.

In the method for grasping the bent state of the propeller shaft of the ship according to the embodiment of the present invention, the bent state grasping device T for the propeller shaft according to the embodiment of the present invention is used.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the bending state grasping device T includes a base 20 that is detachably attached to the hull, a laser pointer 30 that irradiates a laser beam, and a holding unit 40 that holds the laser pointer 30. And a support mechanism 50 that supports the holding unit 40 so as to be movable and positionable with respect to the base 20.

  The base 20 is a pair of clip pieces 21 that are opposed to each other and are pivotably connected so that one end side can be opened and closed, a spring 22 that biases one end side of the clip piece 21 in the closing direction, and a clip piece 21 The clip 24 includes a handle 23 that is configured on the other end side and has a handle 23 that moves the one end side in the opening direction against the biasing force of the spring 22.

  The laser pointer 30 is configured such that a semiconductor laser device (not shown) is accommodated in a case body 31 and an irradiation unit 32 that irradiates a laser beam emitted from the laser device at one end of the case body 31. The irradiation unit 32 is provided with a diaphragm member 33 that sets the diameter Ds of the laser beam irradiation point S to 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm. The diameter Ds of the irradiation point S is desirably set in a range of 0.2 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.4 mm, and more desirably 0.3 mm ± 0.05 mm. In the embodiment, Ds is set to 0.3 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the diaphragm member 33 includes a cylindrical main body 34 having a central axis in the optical axis direction, and a conical bottom portion 35 a having an axis formed on the proximal end side of the main body 34 and extending along the central axis. , An exit port portion 36 having a conical bottom portion 36a formed on the distal end side of the main body 34 and having an axis along the central axis, and a bottom portion 35a and an exit port portion of the entrance port portion 35. And a communication hole 37 provided in communication between the bottom portions 36a of the 36 and having an axis along the central axis. The opening 38 of the entrance part 35 is formed in a conical shape. The diameter Da of the communication hole 37 is set to 0.1 mm ≦ Da ≦ 0.5 mm. The communication hole 37 is opened in the range of 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm so that the diameter Ds of the irradiation point S is Ds = 0.3 mm.

  The holding unit 40 is formed in a ring shape to hold the laser pointer 30, and a rail 42 that supports the holding body 41 so as to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction of the laser beam irradiated by the laser pointer 30. And a measurement display unit 43 that measures and displays the movement distance of the holding body 41 relative to the rail 42. The holding body 41 has a ring-shaped holding rod 44 that holds the laser pointer 30, a support rod 45 that rotatably supports a base end portion of the holding rod 44, and a base end of the support rod 45. And a slider 46. The slider 46 is provided so as to be movable with respect to the rail 42, and the measurement display unit 43 is configured in the same manner as the measurement display unit 43 of a commercially available digital caliper. For example, the rail 42 is provided with a fine scale by etching or magnetization. The distance is recorded indirectly by detecting the scale moved magnetically when the slider 46 is moved and displayed on the display unit 47.

  The support mechanism 50 includes a flexible tube arm 51 having one end fixed to one handle 23 of the clip 24 as the base 20 and the other end fixed to the lower portion of the rail 42 of the holding unit 40. As the flexible tube arm 51, for example, a well-known flexible metal tube in which a plurality of annular projections having a corrugated cross section are arranged in parallel on the outer periphery thereof is cut to a required length.

Next, the bending state grasping method of the propeller shaft of the ship according to the embodiment of the present invention using the bending state grasping device T of the propeller shaft of the ship according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 7, 13, and 14 (a), the method for grasping the bent state of the propeller shaft of the ship according to the embodiment is pivotally supported by a bearing 2 provided on the stern side of the hull. A propeller 4 is mounted on the projecting portion 3 projecting from the bearing 2 to detect the bending of the projecting portion 3 of the propeller shaft 1. As shown in FIGS. A display surface H that displays a reference point K through which the axis of the propeller shaft 1 passes is formed, a laser pointer 30 that irradiates the display surface H with a laser beam is disposed outside the display surface H, and the position of the laser pointer 30 is determined by the laser. Adjustment is made so that the irradiation point S of the laser beam irradiated from the pointer 30 is positioned at the reference point K, and then the propeller shaft 1 is rotated once in a state where the laser beam is irradiated from the laser pointer 30 to irradiate the reference point K. Point S Against to detect the displacement δ. This will be described in detail below.

(1) Formation of Display Surface H In the embodiment, the target ship is configured by providing the projecting portion 3 of the propeller shaft 1 with a female screw 8 that is provided to press the propeller 4 and that has the axis as an axis. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 to 9, a detection bolt 60 to be engaged with the female screw 8 is prepared. Then, with the surface of the bolt head 61 of the detection bolt 60 as the display surface H, a reference point K passing through the axis of the detection bolt 60 on the display surface H is displayed in advance, and the detection bolt 60 displaying the reference point K is displayed. Is screwed into the female screw 8 to form the display surface H at the tip of the protrusion 3 (the tip of the crown 10 in the embodiment). As a result, it is difficult to directly display the reference point K on the protruding portion 3 because it is difficult to determine the position of the reference point K. However, since the display is displayed on the surface of the bolt head 61 of the detection bolt 60, the display is extremely difficult. It becomes easy and the reference point K can be displayed at an accurate position. That is, for example, the detection bolt 60 is chucked on a lathe or the like, and the reference point K is stamped and displayed at the center of the surface of the bolt head 61 by punching. In this case, the diameter Dk of the reference point K is set to 0.01 mm ≦ Dk ≦ 0.03 mm. If the diameter Dk of the reference point K is less than 0.01 mm, it is difficult to visually recognize it, which is not preferable. If the diameter Dk of the reference point K exceeds 0.03 mm, the reference point K becomes too large and affects the accuracy.
Since the female screw 8 formed on the projecting portion 3 has the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis, when the detection bolt 60 is screwed in and attached, the axis of the detection bolt 60 is along the axis of the propeller shaft 1. Therefore, the reference point K of the bolt head 61 is located on the axis of the propeller shaft 1. Therefore, the position of the reference point K can be easily displayed on the display surface H, and the displacement δ can be accurately detected.

(2) Installation and Position Adjustment of Laser Pointer In the embodiment, the bending state grasping device T according to the embodiment is installed. As shown in FIG. 1, for example, one end side of a clip piece 21 of a clip 24 as a base 20 is opened at a required position of a hull rudder plate 5, inserted into the rudder plate 5, and closed to hold the rudder plate 5. . In this state, the flexible tube arm 51 is appropriately bent, and the position is adjusted so that the irradiation point S of the laser beam irradiated from the laser pointer 30 is positioned at the reference point K as shown in FIGS. 6 and 9 (solid line portion). To do. At this time, the laser beam may be tilted to some extent with respect to the axis of the propeller shaft 1, but it is preferable to adjust so that the laser beam is irradiated along the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as much as possible. In this case, since the flexible tube arm 51 is used, the position and orientation of the laser pointer 30 can be changed in all directions, the operability is good, and the operation can be performed very easily.

  That is, since this apparatus supports the laser pointer 30 on the base 20 via the support mechanism 50, the structure is extremely simple, it can be produced at a relatively low cost, and versatility can be improved. Further, when the bending state of the propeller shaft 1 is grasped using this apparatus, the base 20 is attached to the hull, and then the support point 50 is moved, and the irradiation point S of the laser beam irradiated from the laser pointer 30 is determined. Although the position is adjusted so as to be positioned at the reference point K, the laser pointer 30 can be moved and positioned simply by moving the base 20 and the support mechanism 50, so that the operation can be performed very easily. In addition, since the base 20 is attached to the hull, the positional relationship of the laser pointer 30 with respect to the propeller shaft 1 can be made harder to move than when installed on the ground, and the bending state can be accurately grasped.

(3) Detection of displacement Thereafter, a laser beam is irradiated from the laser pointer 30. In this state, the propeller shaft 1 is manually rotated once to detect the displacement δ of the reference point K relative to the irradiation point S.
As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, when the projecting portion 3 is bent during this measurement, the portion of the propeller shaft 1 that is supported on the hull side from the bearing 2 is hardly bent. The reference point K performs a turning motion around the normal center point P, which is the intersection of the straight true axis extending the axis of the propeller shaft 1 and the display surface H, and the locus R is a circle. Become. That is, the reference point K performs a turning motion along a locus R of a circle passing a → c → b → d in FIG. For this reason, a displacement δ of the reference point K with respect to the irradiation point S occurs. At the displacement δ, the diameter of the locus circle becomes the maximum displacement δmax. Thereby, it can be determined whether or not the bending exceeds an allowable range. In this case, since the degree of bending can be determined by detecting the displacement δ between the irradiation point S of the laser pointer 30 and the reference point K displayed on the display surface H, the propeller can be changed to the ship with the bending state of the propeller shaft 1. It can be grasped in the mounted state. Further, by using a small and inexpensive device called the laser pointer 30, it is possible to grasp the bent state with easy work and high accuracy.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the diameter Ds of the laser beam irradiation point S is set to 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm, and in the embodiment, Ds = 0.3 mm. Then, when the propeller shaft 1 is rotated once with the laser beam being irradiated from the laser pointer 30, when the reference point K goes out of the irradiation point S, it is determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range, and the reference point K The maximum displacement δmax with respect to the irradiation point S is measured, and when the reference point K is within the irradiation point S, it is determined that the bending is within the allowable range. The maximum displacement δmax need not be measured. Of course, it does not interfere with the measurement.
If the maximum displacement δmax exceeds about 0.3 mm, it can be determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range. Therefore, since the diameter Ds of the irradiation point S is set to Ds = 0.3 mm, when the propeller shaft 1 is rotated once, when the reference point K goes out of the irradiation point S, the bending is within an allowable range. It can be determined that In that case, the maximum displacement δmax can be measured and used for subsequent correction. On the other hand, when the reference point K is within the irradiation point S, it can be determined that the bend is within the allowable range, and the measurement of the maximum displacement δmax need not be performed. When it is determined that the bending is within the allowable range, the propeller shaft 1 is not removed as a pass.

(4) Measurement of maximum displacement Then, the maximum displacement δmax of the reference point K with respect to the irradiation point S is measured when necessary. As shown in FIG. 9, for example, when the center of the irradiation point S is a point and the position where the center of the reference point K is farthest from the point a is b point, the measurement is performed if the point b is found. With the point K positioned at the point b, the distance between the points a and b is measured, and this measured value is taken as the maximum displacement δmax. Specifically, the measurement display unit 43 is set to zero when the point a of the irradiation point S is irradiated. If the point b is found, the holding body 41 is moved to the rail 42 with the reference point K positioned at the point b. The irradiation point S is superimposed on the b point of the reference point K. Thereby, since the distance of the irradiation point S moved from the point a to the point b is displayed, the displayed value is set as the maximum displacement δmax. In this case, the maximum variation δmax can be measured only by moving the holding body 41 without measuring with a caliper one by one, and the measurement operation can be performed very easily.

  As described above, when it is determined that the bending exceeds the allowable range, after the measurement, the propeller shaft 1 is removed from the hull, the bending is corrected by another dedicated machine, and it is incorporated into the hull again. In this case, since the deviation with respect to the normal center point is known by measurement, the correction can be easily performed. For example, when the maximum displacement δmax exceeds 5 mm, the repair is impossible.

  FIG. 10 shows a modification of the bending state grasping device T according to the embodiment. This comprises a base 20 that can be switched between an excited state magnetized on a magnetic body of the hull and a demagnetized state separated from the magnetic body. It can be easily attached and detached, and can be securely fixed to the hull. Other actions and effects are the same as described above.

In addition, the support mechanism 50 includes an arm group 52 in which one end side is provided on the base 20 and the other end side is provided on the holding unit 40, and a plurality of arms are rotatably connected around at least one axis. doing.
Specifically, the support mechanism 50 is rotated around the first arm 70 erected on the base 20, the first bearing portion 71 that is rotatably and slidably inserted into the first arm 70, and the first bearing portion 71. A second bearing portion 72 that is movably provided and has an axis in a direction crossing the axial direction of the first arm 70, and a screw mechanism that connects the first bearing portion 71 and the second bearing portion 72 at a required position of the first arm 70. A first lock portion 73 that is locked by the second arm portion 74, a second arm 74 that is rotatably and slidably inserted into the second bearing portion 72, and a third bearing that is rotatably and slidably inserted into the second arm 74. A third bearing portion 75, a fourth bearing portion 76 which is rotatably provided on the third bearing portion 75 and has an axis in a direction intersecting the axial direction of the second arm 74, and the third bearing portion 75 and the fourth bearing portion 76. Locked by the screw mechanism at the required position of the second arm 74. A second locking unit 77 which is constituted by a third arm 78 which is inserted so as to be pivotable and sliding to the fourth bearing portion 76. The holding unit 40 is fixed to the third arm 78. For this reason, when the laser pointer 30 is moved and positioned, the position and orientation of the laser pointer 30 are set in all directions by relative rotation and sliding of the arms 70, 74, 78 and the bearing portions 71, 72, 75, 76. Can be made variable, the operability is good, and the operation can be performed very easily. Other actions and effects are the same as described above.

  In FIG. 11, the bending state grasping | ascertaining method of the propeller shaft 1 of the ship which concerns on another embodiment is shown. This is a method for another type of ship as shown in FIG. Unlike the above, this ship is provided with a male screw 12 provided on the front end side of the projecting portion 3 for pressing the propeller 4 mounted on the projecting portion 3 and having the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis. . A lock nut 13 is screwed into the male screw 12, and the lock nut 13 presses the periphery of the insertion hole 6 of the core 6 of the propeller 4 to suppress the removal of the propeller 4. Further, a streamlined crown body 14 is fixed to the tip of the protruding portion 3 with a bolt or the like not shown.

In this type, the formation process of the display surface H is different from the above. In forming the display surface H, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a detection cap nut 80 to be engaged with the male screw 12 is prepared. Then, the surface of the detection cap nut 80 is set as the display surface H, and a reference point K passing through the axis of the detection cap nut 80 is previously displayed on the display surface H, and the detection cap nut 80 displaying the reference point K is male. A display surface H is formed at the tip of the protrusion 3 by screwing with the screw 12.
Thereby, it is difficult to directly display the reference point K on the protruding portion 3 because it is difficult to determine the position of the reference point K, but since it is displayed on the surface of the detection nut 80, the display becomes extremely easy. At the same time, the reference point K can be displayed at an accurate position. That is, for example, the detection cap nut 80 is chucked on a lathe or the like, and the reference point K is stamped and displayed at the center of the surface by punching. Since the male screw 12 formed on the projecting portion 3 has the axis of the propeller shaft 1 as an axis, when the detection cap nut 80 is screwed in and attached, the axis of the detection cap nut 80 follows the axis of the propeller shaft 1. Therefore, the reference point K is located on the axis of the propeller shaft 1. Therefore, the position of the reference point K can be easily displayed on the display surface H, and the displacement δ can be accurately detected. Also in this manner, the bent state of the propeller shaft 1 of the ship can be grasped as described above.

  In the above-described embodiment, the support mechanism 50 is not limited to the one described above. For example, the support mechanism 50 may be configured by a so-called multi-joint arm in which a plurality of arms are connected by a universal joint. It may be changed as appropriate. Further, the combination of the support mechanism 50 and the base 20 may be changed as appropriate. Furthermore, in the said embodiment, how to open the hole of the aperture | diaphragm | squeeze member 33 is not limited to the structure mentioned above, You may change suitably. Further, the diaphragm member may be constituted by a lens, and may be appropriately changed.

  In the above embodiment, the holding unit 40 includes the measurement display unit 43 so that the maximum displacement δmax of the reference point K with respect to the irradiation point S can be measured when necessary. However, the present invention is not limited to this. However, the measurement display unit 43 and the rail 42 may not be provided. In this case, the maximum displacement δmax of the reference point K with respect to the irradiation point S is measured by, for example, setting the center of the irradiation point S as a point and setting the position where the center of the reference point K is farthest from the point a as b point. If the point b is found, the distance between the points a and b is measured with a measuring instrument such as a caliper with the reference point K positioned at the point b, and this measured value is set as the maximum displacement δmax. It ’s fine.

T Bending state grasping device 1 Propeller shaft 2 Bearing 3 Protruding part 4 Propeller 5 Rudder plate 6 Core 6a Tapered hole 6b Key 7 Blade 8 Female screw 10 Crown body 11 Locking bolt 12 Male screw 13 Locking nut 14 Crown body 20 Base 24 Clip 25 Magnet base 30 Laser pointer 31 Case body 32 Irradiation part 33 Diaphragm member 34 Entrance part 36 Exit part 37 Communication hole 40 Holding body 42 Rail 43 Measurement display part 47 Display part 50 Support mechanism 51 Flexible tube arm 52 Arm group S Irradiation point H Display surface K Reference point δ Displacement δmax Maximum displacement 60 Detection bolt 61 Bolt head P Center point R Trajectory (a → c → b → d)
Ds Diameter Dk of irradiation point S Diameter 80 of reference point K Detection cap nut

Claims (13)

In the method of grasping the bending state of the propeller shaft of the ship, which is pivotally supported by a bearing provided on the stern side of the hull and a propeller is mounted on the protruding portion protruding from the bearing and detects the bending of the protruding portion of the propeller shaft,
A display surface displaying a reference point through which the axis of the propeller shaft passes is formed at the tip of the projecting portion, a laser pointer for irradiating the display surface with a laser beam is installed outside the display surface, and the laser pointer The position is adjusted so that the irradiation point of the laser beam irradiated from the laser pointer is positioned at the reference point, and then the propeller shaft is rotated once in a state where the laser beam is irradiated from the laser pointer, and the reference point Detecting a displacement δ of the propeller shaft of the ship, wherein the displacement δ with respect to the irradiation point is detected. When the propeller shaft is configured to hold a propeller mounted on the projecting portion on the tip side of the projecting portion and is provided with a female screw having the axis as an axis,
A detection bolt to be screwed into the female screw is prepared, and a reference point passing through the axis of the detection bolt is displayed on the display surface in advance with the surface of the bolt head of the detection bolt as a display surface. 2. A method for grasping a bent state of a propeller shaft of a ship according to claim 1, wherein a detection surface displaying a point is screwed into the female screw to form a display surface at the tip of the projecting portion. When the propeller shaft is configured to hold a propeller mounted on the protrusion on the tip side of the protrusion and is provided with a male screw with the axis as an axis,
A detection nut that is screwed onto the male screw is prepared, and a reference point that passes through the axis of the detection nut is displayed on the display surface in advance with the surface of the detection nut being the display surface. 2. A method of grasping a bent state of a propeller shaft of a ship according to claim 1, wherein a detection cap nut displaying a point is screwed into the male screw to form a display surface at a tip of the projecting portion.   4. The method for grasping a bending state of a propeller shaft of a ship according to claim 1, wherein a maximum displacement δmax of the reference point with respect to the irradiation point is measured when necessary.   The diameter Dk of the reference point is set to 0.01 mm ≦ Dk ≦ 0.03 mm, the diameter Ds of the irradiation point of the laser beam is set to 0.1 mm ≦ Ds ≦ 0.5 mm, and laser is emitted from the laser pointer. When the propeller shaft is rotated once in a state of being irradiated with light, when the reference point goes out of the irradiation point, it is determined that the bending exceeds an allowable range, and the maximum displacement δmax of the reference point with respect to the irradiation point is determined. 5. The method for grasping a bent state of a propeller shaft of a ship according to claim 4, wherein when the reference point is within the irradiation point, it is determined that the bend is within an allowable range. A propeller shaft bending state grasping device for use in implementing the ship propeller shaft bending state grasping method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A base that is detachably attached to the hull, a laser pointer that emits a laser beam, a holding portion that holds the laser pointer, and a support mechanism that supports the holding portion so as to be movable and positionable with respect to the base. A propeller shaft bending state grasping device characterized by comprising.   A pair of clip pieces that are connected to each other so that one end side thereof can be opened and closed, a spring that urges one end side of the clip piece in a closing direction, and one end side of the clip piece is attached with a spring. The propeller shaft bending state grasping device according to claim 6, wherein the propeller shaft bending state grasping device is constituted by a clip having a handle that moves in an opening direction against a force.   7. The propeller shaft according to claim 6, wherein the base is constituted by a magnet base that can be switched between an excited state magnetized on a magnetic body of a hull and a demagnetized state separated from the magnetic body. Bending state grasping device.   9. The support mechanism according to claim 6, further comprising a flexible tube arm having one end fixed to the base and the other end fixed to the holding portion and capable of bending in all directions. Propeller shaft bending state grasping device.   The support mechanism is configured to include an arm group in which one end side is provided on the base and the other end side is provided on the holding unit, and a plurality of arms are sequentially connected to be rotatable about at least one axis. The propeller shaft bending state grasping device according to any one of claims 6 to 8.   A holding body that holds the laser pointer; a rail that supports the holding body so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the laser beam irradiated by the laser pointer; and the rail of the holding body 11. The propeller shaft bending state grasping device according to claim 6, further comprising a measurement display unit that measures and displays the movement distance.   The laser pointer is configured to contain a semiconductor laser device in a case main body, and an irradiation unit that irradiates a laser beam emitted from the laser device at one end of the case main body. The propeller shaft bending state grasping device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, further comprising a throttle member that sets the diameter Ds of the shaft to 0.1 mm ≤ Ds ≤ 0.5 mm.   The aperture member includes a cylindrical main body having a central axis in the optical axis direction, an incident aperture provided with a conical bottom formed on the base end side of the main body and having an axis along the central axis, and An exit port having a conical bottom formed on the distal end side of the main body and having an axis along the center axis, and the bottom of the entrance port and the bottom of the exit port are provided in communication with the center axis. 13. The propeller shaft bending state grasping device according to claim 12, wherein the communication hole has a communication hole having an axis, and the diameter Da of the communication hole is set to 0.1 mm ≦ Da ≦ 0.5 mm. .

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