JP5427603B2 - プロセスチャネル内の流れを制御する流れ配送チャネル - Google Patents
プロセスチャネル内の流れを制御する流れ配送チャネル Download PDFInfo
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- JP5427603B2 JP5427603B2 JP2009507808A JP2009507808A JP5427603B2 JP 5427603 B2 JP5427603 B2 JP 5427603B2 JP 2009507808 A JP2009507808 A JP 2009507808A JP 2009507808 A JP2009507808 A JP 2009507808A JP 5427603 B2 JP5427603 B2 JP 5427603B2
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- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
- Y10T137/87652—With means to promote mixing or combining of plural fluids
Description
本発明は、米国エネルギー省が授与した契約DE-FE36-04GO14271下にて政府のサポートによりなされた。政府は、本発明にある権利を有する。
関連出願
35U.S.C.sect.119(e)に従い、本出願は、2006年4月25日付け出願の仮特許出願シリアル第60/745,614号に対する優先権を主張する。
発明の分野
本発明は、マイクロチャネルデバイス内の流れ制御に関する。
標準特許用語である「備える(comprising)」は「含む(including)」を意味し、これらの用語はいずれも追加の要素又は複数の要素の存在を排除しない。例えば、あるデバイスが、薄板、シート等を備える場合、該独創的デバイスは、複数の薄板、シート等を含み得ることが理解されるべきである。
流れ配送チャネルは、いかなる物理的形態及び配向(向き)であってもよいが、好ましくは、ある与えられた流量に対する圧力低下(圧力降下)が接続チャネル(本出願において、用語「接続チャネル」は「プロセスチャネル」と同義である)におけるよりも配送チャネルにおいてより高いように、接続チャネルよりも小さい少なくとも一つの寸法(及び好ましくは水力直径)によって特徴付けられ得る。配送チャネルの一つの形態例は、接続チャネルのアレイ(配列)に接続されるサーペンタイン特性のアレイ(配列)である。サーペンタイン特性(サーペンタイン機能)は、シム(例えば、シートに刻印又はエッチングされた特徴)の厚さ、又は、部分的にエッチングされた特徴の場合、シム厚未満であるチャネル間隙(チャネル高さとも呼ばれる。何故なら、それが積層デバイスの積み重ね方向にあるからである。)のいずれかに等しいチャネルを有し得る。流れ配送機能の幅もしくはスパンは、接続チャネルの幅もしくはスパン未満であり得る。一実施形態における配送チャネルは、接続チャネルの体積(容積)に対してマニホルド領域全体の体積を最小にしつつ、それらチャネルの流路の有効長さを増長するために、サーペンタインであり得る。いくつかの実施形態において、(複数の)接続チャネルのセットの体積の100%未満の体積、より好ましくは該接続チャネルの体積の20%未満の体積を有するマイクロコンポーネント(超小型構成部品)内にマニホルドを有することが好ましい。
接続マニホルドにおける小さい圧力低下(主マニホルド区域における圧力低下以下)を有するプロセスのためのマニホルドは、取り組みがいがあり得る。マニホルド圧力分布における小さな変化は、接続マイクロチャネルにおける大きな不均衡配送に至り得る。一般に、そのようなプロセスのためのマニホルドの寸法は、均一な流れ配送のために大きいであろう。そのようなプロセスのために均一な流れ配送を実現しつつマニホルド寸法を縮小する一般的な方法は、マニホルドと接続マイクロチャネルとの間のオリフィスを用いることによる。しかしながら、オリフィスを通じての圧力低下は(速度)nとして変化する。ここでn>1。従って、圧力低下が小さい接続マイクロチャネルに対するオリフィスの設計は、マニホルド流量に影響されやすく、流量が変わる場合、良好な流れ配送を提供しないかもしれない。流れの不均衡配送は、マイクロチャネルデバイスの性能を低下させ得る。要するに、マニホルドは、拡大及び縮小流れ条件において均一な配送を提供しないかもしれない。
例1:流れ配送機能を有する流れ配送
ケーススタディが、流れ配送機能を用いて流れ配送の改善を見るために行われた。デバイスの全体概要が図5に示されるが、これは底部マニホルドを有する。上部及び底部主マニホルド区域は、断面が12.7mm×2.54mmであった。接続チャネルの寸法は5.08mm×0.76mmであった。接続チャネルの長さは127mmであった。接続チャネルは、0.508mmの壁により分けられた。接続チャネルの数は19であった。図4は流れ配送機能の寸法を示す。流れ配送機能はサーペンタイン形状であった。流れ配送チャネルの断面は0.76mm×0.38mmであった。マニホルド、流れ配送チャネル及び接続(プロセス)チャネルは共通平面にあった。
流れ配送機能が、上昇及び下降流量に対して比較的均一な流れを提供することを示すために例1と同じ形態が用いられた。流れ配送の結果は、流れ配送機能を伴わない同一の形態にて得た流れ配送と比較された。流体は、温度及び出口温度条件は両ケース、すなわち流れ配送機能を有するケースと有さないケースに対し保たれた。用いた流体は、230psig及び−30℃のエチレンであった。主マニホルド区域に入る公称総流量は0.487kg/時間であった。
エマルジョンは、多孔質媒体を通じて連続相液体と分散相液体を混合することによって形成される。製造にとって望ましくは、連続相及び分散相が混合される多孔質媒体は、直交流(クロスフロー)方向に流れながらの連続相と分散相の混合に好ましく交換可能であるべきである。しかしながら、要求に応じて、連続相及び分散相は、並流又は互いに対する向流(逆流)にて流れながら混合され得る。この例において、反復単位のみがデバイスの性能を記述するために成形される。該反復単位は、共に積み重ねられた三つの層を有する。連続相は、図9に概略的に示すように第1層に入る。該流れは入口マニホルド区域に入る。マニホルドの断面は、幅25.4mm×深さ5.08mmであった。接続チャネルの寸法は、幅12.7mm×深さ2.03mm×長さ305mmであった。総計16の接続チャネルが存在した。接続チャネル間のリブは1.27mmであった。入口マニホルドは、流れ配送機能を通じて接続(プロセス)チャネルに接続される。流れ配送チャネル寸法は図10に示される。接続チャネルにおいて、分散相はエマルジョンを形成するために連続相に付加される。エマルジョンは、図9に示す出口マニホルドを通じて反復単位を去る。
物質仕様
泡立ち点、in. of Hg:5.0〜6.9
引っ張り強さ、kpsi:30.0
降伏強さ、kpsi:26.0
計算流体動力学モデルは、流れ配送機能をシミュレートしかつ損失係数を見積もるため、フルーエント(Fluent(登録商標))V6.2.16において発展した。用いた流体はエチレン蒸気であった。流量は、レイノルズ数が層状レジームから乱流レジームまでの範囲にあるように変更された。粘度は一定であると仮定され、均一な入口流プロフィル(分布もしくは断面)が想定された。流れ機能は表1に列記される。形態は図16に示すとおりである。流れ配送機能の断面は0.38mm×0.38mmであった。該機能の全幅は3.56mm、二つの連続するターン間の最小間隔は1.78mmであった。乱流モデルでは、フルーエント(登録商標)のデフォルトk−εモデルが用いられた。
計算流体動力学モデルは、流れ配送機能をシミュレートするためにフルーエントV6.2.16において発展した。粘度は一定であると仮定され、均一な入口流れプロフィルが想定された。形態は図1に示すとおりである。流れ配送機能の断面は0.015インチ×0.0.015インチであった。該機能の全幅は0.14mmであり、二つの連続するターン間の最小間隔は0.07インチであった。該研究の目的は、流れ配送機能のあるターンにおける静圧損失を見積もることであった。定義された総ターン数は12であった。圧力損失は次のように定義される。
流れ配送機能(例4に示す)の圧力低下は、フルーエントを用いるCFDモデルから見積もられる。流れ配送機能の寸法は例4で論じたものと同じであった。
流れ配送形態の概要が図27に示される。該流れは、19.05mm×12.7mmの主ヘッダーに入る。主マニホルドから、該流れは二次ヘッダー内へと配送される。二次ヘッダーの断面寸法は、1.78mm×5.08mmであった。二次ヘッダーの総数は44であった。各二次ヘッダーは、該流れを、流れ配送機能を通じて三つの接続冷却液チャネルへと配送する。簡易に表示するため、図面において配送機能は直線状通路で示されて「FDF」として参照される。接続チャネル寸法は、2.54mm×0.51mm×190.5mmであった。流れ配送機能の断面は0.76mm×0.25mmであった。
Claims (19)
- 流体処理方法であって、
プロセスストリームをマニホルド内に送る工程を含み、
前記マニホルドは、少なくとも第1の流れ配送チャネル(FDC)及び第2のFDCに接続され、
各FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備え、
前記第1FDCは前記マニホルドを第1プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第2FDCは前記マニホルドを第2プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第1FDCを通って流れる前記プロセスストリームの部分は、だだ一つのプロセスチャネルのみと連通し、かついかなる他のFDCとも連通せず、そのため、第1FDCに入るプロセスストリームの前記部分の全部が前記第1プロセスチャネル内へと流れ、
該方法は、
前記第1及び第2プロセスチャネルにおいて単位操作を実行する工程を含み、
前記第1プロセスチャネルにおける単位操作は、流体が前記第1プロセスチャネルを通過する際、該流体を部分沸騰させることを含む方法。 - 各FDCは少なくとも三つのターンを備え、該三つのターン各々は少なくとも135度の角度を有する請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1及び第2FDCそれぞれは、複数の層を通る3次元に曲がりくねった通路を有する請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1プロセスチャネルに入る前記プロセスストリームの0.5〜50%が第1プロセスチャネル内で沸騰をこうむる請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1及び第2FDCは同じ長さを有する請求項1の方法。
- 流れをマニホルドから複数のプロセスチャネルへと配送する方法であって、
プロセスストリームをマニホルド内に送る工程を含み、
前記マニホルドは、少なくとも第1の流れ配送チャネル(FDC)及び第2のFDCに接続され、
各FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターン又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備え、
前記第1FDCは前記マニホルドを第1プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第2FDCは前記マニホルドを第2プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第1FDCは前記第1プロセスチャネルと同じ平面上にあり、
前記第1FDCは、あらゆる地点で前記第1プロセスチャネルの断面積よりも小さい断面積を有する方法。 - 前記第1FDCは、前記第1プロセスチャネル及び前記マニホルドと同じ平面上にある請求項6の方法。
- マイクロチャネルデバイスであって、
マニホルドを備え、
前記マニホルドは、少なくとも第1の流れ配送チャネル(FDC)及び第2のFDCに接続され、
各FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備え、
前記第1FDCは前記マニホルドを第1プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第2FDCは前記マニホルドを第2プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第1FDCは、複数の層を通る3次元に曲がりくねった通路を有し、
前記第1FDCは、だだ一つのプロセスチャネルのみと接続し、かついかなる他のFDCとも接続せず、そのため、第1FDCに入るプロセスストリームの部分の全部が前記第1プロセスチャネル内へと流れるマイクロチャネルデバイス。 - マイクロチャネルデバイスであって、
マニホルドを備え、
前記マニホルドは、少なくとも第1の流れ配送チャネル(FDC)及び第2のFDCに接続され、
各FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも八つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備え、
前記第1FDCは前記マニホルドを第1プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第2FDCは前記マニホルドを第2プロセスチャネルに接続し、
前記第1FDCは前記第1プロセスチャネルと同じ平面上にあるマイクロチャネルデバイス。 - 複数の流体を組み合わせる方法であって、
第1流体をプロセスチャネルに通す工程と、
第2流体を流れ配送チャネル(FDC)に通して前記プロセスチャネル内へと送る工程にして、該プロセスチャネル内で前記第1及び第2流体が組み合わされる該工程とを含み、
前記FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備え、
前記第1及び第2流体は異なる方法。 - 前記プロセスチャネル内の前記プロセスストリームは、エマルジョン、分散、又は非ニュートン流体を含む請求項10の方法。
- 前記第1プロセスチャネルはオリフィスを備えるチャネル壁を有し、該第1プロセスチャネルは、第1相から成る第1流体と、第1流体中で不混和性の第2流体とを含み、第2流体は、前記オリフィスを通過して第1流体内に入ってエマルジョンを形成する請求項11の方法。
- 前記第1FDC内の流れはニュートンの流れであり、前記第1プロセスチャネル内の流れは非ニュートンの流れである請求項11の方法。
- 前記プロセスチャネル内に入る前記第1流体の質量流量は、該プロセスチャネル内の第2流体の流量の5%以下である請求項10の方法。
- 前記FDCは、異なる角度を有する少なくとも二つのターンを備える請求項10の方法。
- 前記プロセスチャネルは直線状であり、該プロセスチャネル内の流れは非ニュートンの流れである請求項10の方法。
- 複数の流体を組み合わせるための装置であって、
プロセスチャネルと、
付加流体チャネルと、
前記流体チャネルを前記プロセスチャネルに接続する流れ配送チャネル(FDC)とを備え、
前記FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備える装置。 - 複数のFDCを介して一つの付加流体チャネルに接続される複数のプロセスチャネルを備え、
各FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備える請求項17の装置。 - 流体処理方法であって、
プロセスストリームをマニホルド内に送る工程を含み、
前記マニホルドは、少なくとも第1の流れ配送チャネル(FDC)及び第2のFDCに接続され、
前記第1FDCは、単一チャネルを有する第1部分と、一端部にて前記第1部分に、別の端部にて第1プロセスチャネルに接続される第2部分と、一端部にて前記第1部分に、別の端部にて第2プロセスチャネルに接続される第3部分とを備え、
前記第2FDCは、単一流路を有する第1チャネル部分と、一端部にて前記第1チャネル部分に、別の端部にて第3プロセスチャネルに接続される第2チャネル部分と、一端部にて前記第1チャネル部分に、別の端部にて第4プロセスチャネルに接続される第3チャネル部分とを備え、
前記各FDCは、90度以下の少なくとも四つのターンを含むか又は90度より大きい少なくとも二つのターンを含む一連の複数のターンを備え、
該方法は、
前記第1、第2、第3及び第4プロセスチャネルにおいて単位操作を実行する工程を含む方法。
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US11185830B2 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2021-11-30 | Waters Technologies Corporation | Fluid mixer |
US11555805B2 (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2023-01-17 | Waters Technologies Corporation | Mixer for chromatography system |
US11898999B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2024-02-13 | Waters Technologies Corporation | Mixer for liquid chromatography |
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EP2056960A2 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
US9752831B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
CA2650499C (en) | 2014-10-28 |
CA2650499A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
US8869830B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
CN101443111B (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
US20120138151A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
WO2007127322A2 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
JP2009535701A (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
CN101443111A (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
WO2007127322A3 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
US20070246106A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
US20150068608A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
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