JP5423861B2 - Grain dryer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a grain dryer.

  Especially when it comes to large grain dryers, it is often the case that piles of harvested grains from different fields are piled up, and in that case, grains of different moisture are piled up and stuck together. It becomes a state of moisture irregularity. Therefore, Patent Document 1 describes a configuration of a grain dryer in which grains for eliminating the unevenness of moisture are mixed well. Patent Document 2 describes a technique for continuously measuring the moisture value of a predetermined number of grains and detecting the frequency distribution state.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-19462 JP 2001-50667 A

  Since Patent Document 1 does not describe a means for detecting the state of moisture unevenness, it is unknown how much control should be performed to converge the moisture unevenness within a predetermined range. Moreover, patent document 2 is the water | moisture-content distribution acquired by the measurement of one place of an overhanging grain to the last, and does not show the state of the water | moisture-content nonuniformity of the whole overhanging grain.

  This invention makes it a subject to grasp | ascertain the state of the water | moisture-content nonuniformity of a stretched grain, and to dry to converge a water | moisture content unevenness in the predetermined range.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has taken the following technical means.
That is, the invention according to claim 1 is a grain dryer that dries while circulating the stretched grain,
Circulation required to measure the moisture value with a moisture meter at set intervals while circulating the stretched kernel, grasp the moisture irregularity state of the kernel, and converge the moisture irregularity of the kernel within a predetermined range It is set as the grain dryer characterized by calculating time, selecting the drying speed which is the drying time corresponding to this circulation time, and drying.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that when the drying time at the slowest drying speed is shorter than the circulation time, the difference between the circulation time and the drying time is circulated by ventilation. A grain dryer.

  According to the invention of claim 1, since the moisture unevenness is grasped, the circulation time necessary to converge the moisture unevenness within a predetermined range is calculated, and the drying speed corresponding to the circulation time is selected and dried. Water unevenness can be properly converged.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, even if the drying speed is the slowest or the drying time is shorter than the circulation time, the unevenness in moisture can be converged by circulating through the difference.

The figure which shows the inside of the grain dryer seen from the front The figure which shows the inside of the grain dryer seen from the side Operation panel Block Diagram Flow chart (1) Flow chart (2) Flow chart (3) Flow chart (4) Flow chart (5) Flow chart (A) Flow chart (B) Sample chart of measurement frequency division Table showing an example measured by moisture measurement for grasping moisture unevenness A diagram showing the table of FIG. 13 in a graph An example of the moisture value convergence variation example The figure which shows the state where the grain layer where moisture differs is piled up The figure which shows the display part which adjusts a burner

Embodiments specifically configured based on the above technical idea will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the grain dryer has a storage chamber 2, a drying unit 3, and a grain collection chamber 4 in this order from the top in the machine frame 1. This is a known configuration in which hot air generated by the combustion of the burner 6 and the suction fan 7 is bathed in the drying unit 3 while circulating the grains by driving the elevator 5 provided on the outer periphery.

  At the grain outlet of the drying unit 3, it is provided with a feeding drum 8 that causes a predetermined amount of grain to flow down while rotating in the forward and reverse directions. By supplying the upper transfer device 10 connected to the upper side of the elevator 5 to the diffusion plate 11 of the storage chamber 2, the embedded grains are uniformly accumulated and stored on the entire surface of the storage chamber 2. The stretch amount measuring device 2a provided in the storage chamber 2 can grasp the stretch amount by measuring the height position of the accumulated upper surface of the stretched grain.

  The grain circulation mechanism including the burner 6 and the elevator 5 is performed by a computer having a memory for storing a control program necessary for operation control, various data, and the like. That is, the control panel 12 is provided with a touch panel type liquid crystal display unit 13 as shown in FIG. 3, and push button switches 14 to 17 along the lower edge of the display unit 13. And a stop switch 18 are arranged. The functions of these switches 14 to 17 are displayed on the display unit 13. In the example shown in the figure, the switches 14 to 17 function as operating switches for extension, ventilation, drying, and discharge in order, and the display unit 13 varies according to the screen change. It is a configuration that can set functions.

  The built-in control unit receives the switch information of the operation panel 12 and the detection information from the sensors disposed in each part of the dryer machine frame 1 to control the burner combustion amount and start the grain circulation system through predetermined arithmetic processing. -Stop control, display content control of the display unit 13, and the like are performed. The switches on the operation panel 12 include setting of tension 14, drying 16, discharge 17 and ventilation 15, as well as grain type, drying target moisture (finishing moisture), amount of tension, timer increase / decrease, etc. Can be set.

An outline of the operation control of the grain dryer having the above configuration will be described.
The above-mentioned grain dryer is supplied with drying hot air to the drying unit 3 along a set drying speed (drying rate) while circulating the grains stretched in the storage chamber 2, up to the drying target moisture. The operation control unit 19 includes a later-described operation control unit 19 that sequentially performs drying processing, and the operation control unit 19 performs sampling at different timings corresponding to the amount of tension during one circulation of the kernel of the storage chamber 2. Perform a round measurement to measure the moisture value of the grain (moisture measurement for grasping the moisture unevenness), and grasp the degree of the moisture unevenness from the vertical moisture value distribution of the inlaid grain obtained by this round measurement. A planned circulation time required to eliminate the unevenness by circulation of the grains and converge within a predetermined range is calculated, and the drying circulation operation is performed at a drying speed that reaches the drying target moisture within the planned circulation time.

  That is, it has been found that, due to the action of the feeding drum 8 that rotates forward and backward, the grain layer collapses as the circulation time becomes longer, and the grain layers of different moisture are well mixed to eliminate the moisture unevenness.

  The operation control unit 19 calculates a planned circulation time required to eliminate the moisture unevenness in the vertical direction obtained by the round measurement of the stretched grain. Since the operation is performed, appropriate operation control is performed up to the drying target moisture in accordance with the circulation time necessary for eliminating the moisture unevenness, and the moisture unevenness can be eliminated simultaneously with the finishing of the drying.

  Further, when the scheduled circulation time exceeds the slowest drying time H3 determined by the slowest drying speed, the operation control unit 19 uses the difference between the two times as the ventilation circulation time for the supplementary circulation. Ventilation circulation operation that circulates the grain in a ventilated state is performed.

  In this case, it is dried to the set moisture value or target moisture value by the slowest drying circulation operation, and the necessary circulation time is secured by the circulation operation that combines the ventilation circulation operation over the subsequent ventilation circulation time. Even when the grain is in a dry state close to the drying target and the drying time cannot be increased, the unevenness of moisture can be eliminated by the circulation operation without causing excessive drying.

  In addition, as the operation control when the grain moisture is close to the drying target moisture, the operation control unit 19 performs a plurality of times according to the amount of tension while circulating the tension kernel in the storage chamber 2 once after the drying circulation operation is started. The moisture content of the grain is measured at different times, and the degree of moisture unevenness is determined from the vertical moisture value distribution Mn of the inlaid grain obtained by this round measurement. The planned circulation time H required to converge within a predetermined width by the circulation of the grains is calculated, and when the moisture below the target set moisture value Mset is measured during the one-round measurement, the remaining measurement is the state of ventilation circulation operation If necessary, if the total moisture Ms by the average process exceeds the target set moisture value Mset after a round measurement during the ventilation circulation operation, if necessary, the estimated circulation time H It performs drying circulation operation, performing ventilation circulation operation by Schedule circulation time H ventilation if not exceed the set moisture value Mset a target.

  In this way, when measuring the layer that has reached the drying target in the squeezed kernel, grasp the state of moisture irregularity while preventing partial overdrying by performing ventilation circulation operation during measurement In addition, by performing the drying circulation operation on the basis of the above, it is possible to dry quickly while converging the moisture unevenness while preventing undried and excessive drying.

Hereinafter, the operation control will be described in detail.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the control configuration for the above control. The operation control unit 19 built in the control box having the operation panel 12 includes the setting information from the switches and the grain moisture detection of the moisture meter 20. Information, grain detection information in the throwing-out part of the elevator 5, hot air temperature detection information, and the like are input. On the other hand, as output information, a combustion system signal of the burner 6, for example, a fuel supply signal, a flow rate control signal thereof, or a grain circulation system motor control signal such as the vertical transfer spirals 10 and 9, the elevator 5 and the rotary valve (feed valve) 8 And a motor control signal of the suction fan 7 and a display output to the operation panel 12.
(Control processing)
Next, the control process of the operation control unit 19 in the grain dryer having the above-described configuration will be described along a flowchart.

  As shown in the flow 1 of FIG. 5, in the operation control of the grain dryer, when the grain is stopped by the stop switch 18 (S1), the tension amount measuring device 2a detects the tension amount (S2). . When the drying switch 16 is pressed, the drying operation is started. In the drying operation, after the start of the motor and burners (S3), the number of times of unevenness measurement (S4) corresponding to the amount of tension is calculated, and the storage chamber 2 is stretched from the detected value of the grain moisture of the moisture meter 20 Measurement of the moisture unevenness of the grain (S5).

  The moisture unevenness is grasped by the moisture value distribution for each layer stacked in the vertical direction of the storage chamber 2 as in the example of the division of the moisture unevenness layer in FIG. Since the measurement of the moisture of each layer can be measured by circulating the squeezed kernel of the storage chamber 2 once in the machine body, according to the chart example of the number of times of measurement of FIG. 12 set according to the squeezing amount, Moisture measurements are taken at the required time during the course of the grain.

  The stratified moisture value obtained by the moisture measurement for grasping the moisture unevenness will be described with reference to an example in which the amount of squeezed kernel is LV10 and the number of measurement is 12 times (LV1 is measured at three locations). As shown in the chart example of the minute measurement and the related moisture value and the exemplary graph of FIG. 14, the average of the measured moisture value of 32 samples for each layer is defined as the average moisture value Mn of each layer, and each of the layers LV1 to LV10 of each of these measurement categories The moisture values M1 to M10 are detected, and the average of each layer's average moisture value is detected as the initial average moisture value (Ms) of the whole inlaid grain. Then, from the distribution state of the moisture values Mn (M1 to M10) by the layers LV1 to LV10 of each measurement section, a planned circulation time H as a mixing circulation time necessary for eliminating the moisture unevenness within a predetermined range is calculated. (S6-S8).

  The scheduled circulation time H will be described in detail. First, the moisture values M1, M1, M1 (corresponding to three LV1s), M2, M3, M4. (M1−Ms), (M2−Ms)... (S6). Then, the sum of the consecutive layers adjacent to each other is calculated by calculating the sum of the adjacent numbers with the same sign with respect to the number of the absolute value of the sum of the adjacent layers, that is, the above-described “difference” data sequence. The largest value of the absolute value of is the moisture unevenness coefficient X.

  In this case, when expressed in a general form with the layer number n = 1, 2,..., The sum of (Mn−Ms) of the continuous range of the same sign is the maximum in absolute value for the moisture value Mn of each layer LVn. Is the value. The moisture unevenness coefficient X is an example of an index for grasping the degree of moisture unevenness.

  From the grain constant A (for example, 1.4 for straw and 2 for wheat) obtained from the moisture unevenness coefficient X and the grain type, the number of circulations R satisfying the following formula X / AR <0.01. Is calculated (S7), and a scheduled circulation time H is calculated (S8) based on the circulation count R, the amount of tension W, and the circulation capacity B.

  Next, as shown in the flow chart (2) of FIG. 6, the drying times H1 to H3 are set to the general form display formula Hn = (Ms) as the scheduled drying speeds α1 to α3 of the three categories of “normal”, “slightly slow”, and “slow”. -Mset) / αn (S11), and when the planned circulation time H is included in the drying time Hn of each section, “normally set drying” to “slow setting” according to the flow 4 according to the classification determination (S12a to S12c) The drying process (S13a to S13c) is performed, and if the scheduled circulation time H is equal to or more than the length of the drying time H3 when drying is performed at “slow” with the slowest drying speed α3, the necessary mixing circulation time is set. The ventilation circulation time K = H−H3 for supplementary circulation to be supplemented is calculated (S14), and the process proceeds to the processing of flow 3 for supplementary circulation.

  After the moisture meter 20 detects the moisture value of the number of measurements according to the amount of tension for grasping the state of moisture unevenness in the first circulation after the start of the drying described above, periodically, that is, every set time ( For example, every 30 minutes), a set number of grains (32 grains) is taken in from the circulated grains and the moisture content is measured (moisture measurement for drying control). And the average moisture value of the set grain number is determined as the moisture value of the grain at that time, and drying control is performed along the course of this moisture value.

  Regarding the processing for replenishment circulation in the flow 3, as shown in FIG. 7, the moisture value measured by the moisture meter 20 at the aforementioned set time, that is, the current moisture Msg is set to a predetermined value (for example, 18%). When this happens (S20), the burner 6 is extinguished (S21), and the state of the moisture unevenness described in S4 to S8 of the flow 1 in FIG. 5 is grasped again to calculate the estimated circulation time H (S22). Then, it is confirmed whether or not the ventilation circulation time K is necessary in the order of the flow 2 in FIG. 6 (S23). If necessary, ventilation circulation is performed (S24, S25), and then the burner 6 is re-ignited (S26). Resume drying.

  In addition, as a result of confirmation, when it is determined that the scheduled circulation time H is included in the drying times H1 to H3 (S12a to S12c in FIG. 6 flow 2) of each section and it is not necessary to perform ventilation circulation over the ventilation circulation time K. The burner 6 is immediately ignited and hot air drying is resumed (S26).

  Then, when a moisture value slightly higher (for example, 1.5%) than the target set moisture value Mset is detected, the moisture described in S4 to S7 in the flow 1 in FIG. 5 again in a state where hot air drying is continued. The uneven state is grasped, and the estimated circulation time H is calculated (S28, S29). Then, it is confirmed whether or not the ventilation circulation time K is necessary in the order of the flow 2 in FIG. 6 (S30). If it is not necessary, when the target set moisture value Mset is detected (S31), the burner 6 is stopped and hot air drying is performed. Ends (S32).

  When the ventilation circulation time K is required, the set moisture value Mset is detected (S33), the burner is stopped and the hot air drying is completed (S34), and then the ventilation circulation (S35) is performed and the process is terminated.

  Regarding the drying process of the flow 4, as shown in the flow 4 of FIG. 8, when the drying process is performed according to the drying setting for each drying speed and the current moisture Msg becomes a predetermined value (for example, 18%) (S40), the hot air drying is performed. With the burner 6 continued, the state of moisture unevenness described in S4 to S8 in the flow 1 of FIG. 5 is grasped, and the estimated circulation time H is calculated (S41). Then, it is confirmed whether or not the ventilation circulation time K is necessary in the order of the flow 2 in FIG. 6 (S42). If necessary, the burner 6 is stopped (S43) and the circulation is performed (S44, S45). Is re-ignited (S46) and hot air drying is resumed.

  In addition, as a result of confirmation, when it is determined that the scheduled circulation time H is included in the drying times H1 to H3 (S12a to S12c in FIG. 6 flow 2) of each section and it is not necessary to perform ventilation circulation over the ventilation circulation time K. In this case, the hot air drying is continued as it is.

  Then, when a moisture value that is slightly higher (for example, 1.5%) than the target set moisture value Mset is detected (S47), the current moisture Msg is detected again from S4 of the flow 1 in FIG. The state of the moisture unevenness described in S7 is grasped (S48), and the planned circulation time H is calculated (S49). Then, it is confirmed whether or not the ventilation circulation time K is necessary in the order of the flow 2 in FIG. 6 (S50). If it is not necessary, when the target set moisture value Mset is detected, the burner 6 is stopped and the hot air drying is finished. (S52).

When the ventilation circulation time K is required, the target set moisture value Mset is detected, the burner is stopped and the hot air drying is completed, and then ventilation circulation is performed and the process is terminated (S53 to S55).
An example of a flowchart of the present embodiment will be described as follows.

The circulation capacity B (tons / hour) of the grain dryer is 7.5 (tons / hour), the amount of squeezed grains W is 6 tons, and the target set moisture value Mset is 14.5%. . Then, assume that the moisture detection result of FIG. 13 is obtained. Therefore, the difference between the average value for each layer of LV1 to LV10 of each layer and 22.1%, which is the overall initial average moisture value Ms, is calculated as follows. And the state of the moisture distribution according to the layer of a grain is shown by FIG.
LV1 -2.1
LV1 -0.8
LV1 +1.5
LV2 +1.9
LV3 +0.8
LV4 -1.6
LV5 -1.9
LV6 +2.2
LV7 +0.9
LV8 +1.7
LV9 -1.6
LV10 -1.4
Here, the moisture unevenness coefficient X is the absolute value of the sum of LV1 (+1.5), LV2 (+1.9), and LV3 (+0.8), which is the number with the largest absolute value of the sum of the adjacent layers. The value is 4.2. That is, if it is determined that the unevenness of the layer around this is the largest, and the circulation time sufficient to converge this large moisture unevenness is calculated, the moisture unevenness of other layers can be converged.

  Then, if numerical values are entered in X and A, respectively, where X / AR <0.01, 4.2 / 1.4R <0.01 and circulation count R = 17 (times). Further, the scheduled circulation time H for converging the moisture unevenness is H = R × W / B, and H = 17 × 6 / 7.5 = 13.6.

  The planned circulation times H1 to H3 when drying is performed at the respective drying speeds α1 to α3 are calculated by the equation (Ms−Mset) / α described in the flowchart of FIG. That is, in the case of a normal drying rate α1 (drying rate 0.7%), H1 is (22.1-14.5) /0.7=10.8, and a slightly slower drying rate α2 (drying rate) 0.62), H2 = 12.6, and in the case of the slow drying rate α3 (drying rate 0.5%), H3 = 15.2, and in this embodiment, the slow drying rate α3. dry.

  Here, if the planned circulation time H for converging the moisture unevenness is calculated to be 16.8 (hours), that is, even if drying is performed at the “slow” drying speed α3, the time sufficient to converge the moisture unevenness is not reached. In this case, the unevenness of moisture is converged by setting the ventilation circulation time K to 1.5 hours, which is the difference between the planned circulation time H and the planned drying circulation time H3.

  13 and 14 describes an example of grasping the moisture unevenness immediately after the start of drying. However, when the current moisture value Msg reaches the set moisture value (18%) after the start of drying, When the set moisture value (16.0%) that is slightly higher than the set moisture value Mset (for example, 14.5%) is detected, the moisture non-uniformity is similarly determined to determine whether the ventilation circulation time is necessary. To do.

  In addition, after the burner 6 is ignited and drying is started, the average moisture value Mn of each layer is measured according to the amount of squeezed grain as shown in FIG. 13, and one of the average moisture values Mn of each layer is measured. When a moisture value lower than the target moisture value Mset (for example, 14.0%) is measured, the control described in FIGS. 10 and 11 is performed.

  That is, when a moisture value lower than the target set moisture value Mset among the average moisture value Mn of each layer measured immediately after the start of drying is measured (S70), the burner is extinguished once (S71). Measure the average moisture value Mn for each of the remaining layers while circulating, and calculate the overall initial average moisture value Ms and the moisture unevenness coefficient X. Estimated circulation time from the above formula X / AR <0.01 H is calculated (S72, S73, S74).

  If the overall initial average moisture value Ms is equal to or higher than the target set moisture value Mset, the burner 6 is ignited again and the drying operation is resumed (S75). And it is dried until it reaches the set moisture value Mset at a drying speed suitable for the scheduled circulation time H shown in FIG. 10 (S76). If the time required to converge the moisture unevenness is not reached even after drying at the slowest drying speed α3, that is, the “slow” drying speed, the target set moisture value Mset is reached and the burner 6 is extinguished. After that, the time K, which is the difference between the planned circulation time H and the planned dry circulation time H3, is ventilated to converge the moisture unevenness (S77).

  In FIG. 11, the ventilation circulation time K is set to reach 18% (S21 to S23). However, when a moisture value lower than the set moisture value Mset is detected in the initial stage of drying, the entire initial average moisture value Ms is set to the set moisture. Even if it exceeds the value Mset, it is assumed that it is 18% or less (for example, about 17%). Further, when the entire initial average moisture value Ms is already lower than the set moisture value Mset, the scheduled circulation time H is ventilated and the moisture unevenness is converged to stop (S78).

  As described above, since the mixing and finishing are sufficiently performed by the ventilation circulation for the time until mixing, the conventional problem, that is, when the measurement value with the moisture meter detects the set moisture or less, the detection result of one or more times is used. Since the drying has been stopped, it is possible to solve the problem that when the grain having a large amount of moisture is dried near the set moisture, the grain may be dried or overdried depending on the case.

  In addition, the state of moisture unevenness is performed not only immediately after the start of drying, but also when the set moisture value is reached in the middle of drying and just before the end of drying, thereby improving the accuracy of detecting moisture unevenness and calculating the estimated circulation time H Can be improved.

Next, the case where the moisture measurement immediately after the start of drying in the control is measured below the set moisture will be described. In the above, if the set moisture or less is detected, the whole machine moisture unevenness data is acquired by ventilation circulation, and after the uneven removal circulation is completed. Although it is hot-air drying, it is the same as described above until the initial detection of water unevenness in one circulation, and the difference between the circulation time until mixing due to this water unevenness, the average water content for one circulation, and the set water content, and was obtained from it. When the drying time is longer than the predicted drying time, hot air drying is started after obtaining the moisture unevenness data in one cycle. As a result, it is possible to eliminate unevenness in moisture while preventing overdrying.
(Convergence prediction of moisture variation)
Next, a method for predicting and calculating the convergence of the measurement grain variation after drying will be described. Means for calculating moisture variation by one or more measurements for measuring a plurality of grains with a single moisture meter, means for directly or indirectly detecting the grain temperature at the time of measurement, and both of these means Thus, it is constituted by means for calculating from different data according to the grain type and grain temperature level, which have the required time to converge to the specified deviation, and means for displaying the result.

  By the control configuration composed of the above means, the moisture variation deviation (during and / or after drying), which is the standard deviation of the measured value of 32 grains obtained by the grain moisture meter 20, and the grain temperature at that time, converged from the grain type The predicted time is displayed.

The time until the dispersion converges is important for the post-drying work, but there is nothing to predict and display this in the past, and there are many variations, storage in the district for several days, and re-drying or hulling work. Was. If the time to reach the specified deviation (about 1%) is calculated and displayed from the convergence data for the grain temperature and the grain type as in the above configuration, the work can be easily and easily performed. (It is better if it can be converged in the dryer, but if the variation deviation is large, it will hinder the next drying, so the time until convergence is predicted and displayed as information.)
According to the test results, the time to reach a 1% variation deviation from a certain variation deviation is about the same for both wheat and straw, and if the deviation value is known, the time to reach 1% can be predicted. Create and display an association table of deviation and convergence time.

  For example, when drying is completed and the moisture unevenness and moisture variation deviation are measured at the time of cooling ventilation circulation, if the deviation at this time is 1.4%, the number of hours until it becomes 1% is read from the table and displayed. As an example of table data for convergence time up to 1%, 5 hours for 1.6%, 7 hours for 2%, 8 hours for 3% are stored, and cooling air circulation after finishing (moisture unevenness is also detected) ), The average deviation is detected, and if it is 1.6%, this table data is read and "Moisture variation is expected to converge in 5 hours" is displayed.

In the above, the necessary data range must be converged after drying (because it may not converge during drying due to blue rice, lodging, etc.), so convergence data at about 15% after drying is completed. include. If the moisture variation is large, it has been found that it takes more time to dry slowly than the conventional drying pause, so it is possible to control the moisture unevenness by changing (slowing) the drying setting. A message is displayed when it is not expected to fit. In addition, FIG. 15 is an example which shows the variation convergence state by grain temperature.
(High quality rice drying)
Next, based on the flow 5 in FIG. 9, a control mode for drying high-quality rice after the drying operation for eliminating moisture unevenness will be described.

  To control the good quality rice drying mode (moisture unevenness + confirmation + cooling), the cereal temperature is detected after drying, and air circulation cooling is performed until the difference between the outside air temperature and the set value is reached (S61 to S65). Thereafter, the finishing amount is detected and displayed by the tension amount detector 2a, then the convergence prediction time of moisture variation is detected, and the convergence prediction time is displayed (S66).

Alternatively, although not shown, the above-described moisture measurement for grasping moisture unevenness and the calculation of the estimated circulation time may be performed again after drying.
Regarding the consideration of the finished state, measure the grain temperature when hot air drying is stopped, detect the grain temperature to reduce the grain temperature to around the outside air temperature (outside air temperature + 5 ° C or less), and execute ventilation circulation from the result (normally , 1 to 2 cycles).

  Further, regarding the convergence state of the moisture variation, the average of the moisture variation deviation of the entire machine is obtained during the ventilation time after the hot air drying, and the convergence prediction of the variation is displayed as a guide. (For example, “It becomes uniform in about 6 hours.”) In this case, the moisture variation is different from the moisture unevenness that measures the distribution state of the grain moisture in the whole squeezed grain. It shows the deviation (distribution state) of the moisture of 32 grains in the moisture values (M1 to M10) of the grains to be measured.

  With the above-mentioned control, users of high-quality rice that are branded are particularly sensitive to quality, and drying may be slow. If the time is not enough, the number of dryers may be increased. Instead, we want a high-quality product with no mistakes. To reduce the risk of drying problems, it is best to slow down drying, and if you add the above-mentioned functions that take into consideration the grain condition as described above, you can handle quality brands in high-quality rice and operate easily ( If it is set to good quality rice mode, the final confirmation will be made and the grain temperature will be lowered).

The high-quality rice drying mode may focus on quality, such as luxury brand rice, and drying may be slightly slower. Or, there is a possibility that the moisture is low due to a delay in time, but there is a possibility that the moisture is uneven, but there is a sufficient drying time, and there is no need to rush (the drying time does not take longer if the initial moisture is low). With the current functions and technical capabilities, it is difficult to predict shell cracks themselves, and avoiding shell cracks is simply avoided by slowing down drying, but moisture unevenness is uniform or moisture variation is displayed as the estimated convergence time. To follow.
(Drying control)
For fully automatic drying control, input the hulling start time and determine the flow of the fully automatic mode for cooling, including moisture unevenness control by starting drying. The fully automatic mode is a control mode that leaves the drying process to the dryer. It can be recognized by a clock so that the finish time (finishing time) can be specified and finished, and the moisture unevenness inside the dryer can be measured and grasped. Calculation to calculate the required drying speed (start time, finish request time, initial average moisture, finish moisture setting) at the start of drying in a grain circulation dryer equipped with a conventional function and a configuration that allows specification of the finish time Means, calculating means for calculating the cooling time after finishing 1 to 2 circulations, and determining whether or not it is necessary to lengthen the drying time (the number of circulations) due to the moisture unevenness by measuring the moisture unevenness for one circulation after the start. It is comprised by the means to do.

  In short, there is no complaint if the user is finished with the specified moisture at the requested time without any trouble (no cracking or escaping), but the user may have large moisture unevenness in the squeezed grain, for example I do not know and it is difficult to understand how to set it up at the desired time (the time I want to hull it), but the hulling time is basically assumed to be the same time every day. If you leave it to me, it is possible to freely design and control moisture unevenness, moisture value accuracy cooling, moisture value reconfirmation, etc. all within the mode, and stabilize the quality of the finished grain. On the other hand, the user can start hulling at a specified time simply by pressing the drying switch, which is easy in terms of operation.

In this mode, the finishing time (starting start or discharging start time) is input before the start of drying. At the start of drying (drying switch on), one circulation hot-air drying or ventilation circulation is performed, moisture unevenness detection and average moisture value are calculated. The drying operation time is calculated from the finish setting time and the start time, and the average drying speed A is calculated by the formula of (initial moisture−finished moisture) / drying operation time. If A <0.7% / h (partial cooling time must be subtracted), it is possible to continue. If it is impossible, a message is displayed on the monitor.
(Uniform control)
Next, as a method for making the finish moisture uniform, near the dry finish, regardless of the amount of tension, the combustion amount is controlled to a certain value or less (the average moisture for one cycle is determined at the finish, and stop control is performed at this value). Will be described.

  In conventional operation control, drying is controlled by changing the hot air temperature (set temperature) according to the amount of tension so as to make the drying rate per time constant regardless of the amount of tension. This is because if the drying rate is too fast, it will cause cracking and deterioration of quality, so considering this, we set the drying rate regardless of the amount of tension and try to dry at the same drying speed. Near the finish, the combustion amount (hot air temperature) is controlled below a certain value (when the set moisture value is in the range of about 0.5% to 1.5%), and when the combustion amount is reduced as described above, one cycle is performed. The water content is measured for a minute, and the average water content is obtained and stopped at this value (the blue rice cut or low water cut treatment may be included in the average treatment).

  Conventionally, since the set temperature itself was not changed until the end of drying, almost the same drying speed was obtained regardless of the amount of tension, but the drying rate per pass through the drying section was greatly different. The difference in moisture between the grain after passing and the grain before passing was large in those with a large amount of tension, and the moisture difference between the finished grains was large. Moreover, in the current control, there is no moisture difference in the finished moisture when the amount is small, and the moisture difference is large when there is a large amount of tension (due to the difference in moisture removed in one circulation). Decreasing the amount of combustion near the end of drying, regardless of the amount of tension, and reducing the amount of water removed during one pass through the drying section will reduce the difference in moisture between the grain after drying and the grain before passing. , Can finish the whole moisture uniformly.

  Specifically, conventionally, for example, since the circulation amount is the same when the tension amount is 1 t and when the tension amount is 6 t, the water removed by one circulation is 1: 6 (in the case of 6 t, the amount is 1 t 6 times as much water is removed). Normally, the circulation rate is set to less than 1 hour at the maximum tension with a drying rate of 0.7% / h, so the grain moisture before passing is about every time the drying section passes at the maximum tension. A difference of 0.7% is unavoidable. Conversely, when the amount is small, there is almost no difference with a difference of about 0.1%. This 0.7% difference is somewhat large, and will be regarded as a problem unless it shrinks a little.

  In the above control, the moisture removed in one cycle is reduced to about 0.2% in the vicinity of the finish, the difference between the grain after passing through the drying section and the grain moisture before passing is reduced, and at the same time the finish is made uniform, As a stop treatment in the case where there is unevenness, the entire unevenness of one circulation is measured, and control is performed so as to stop at the average moisture in the entire machine.

  In this embodiment, the feeding drum 8 that rotates forward and backward is based on the knowledge that the longer the circulation time, the more the layer of the grain collapses and the grains are well mixed to eliminate and converge the moisture unevenness. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the speed is made variable and the time taken to eliminate the moisture irregularity is shortened by increasing the feeding speed as the moisture irregularity increases.

  Or, determine the position of the grain layer where the moisture unevenness is particularly large, and increase the feeding speed of the feeding drum when the layer with the large moisture unevenness is fed out from the circulation speed to promote mixing of the grain layer to promote moisture unevenness. It is good also as a structure which can shorten elimination of this.

  Further, the drying control according to FIGS. 5 to 11 of the present embodiment is performed by operating an operation switch (not shown) called a moisture unevenness elimination mode, and is set at the end of the tensioning operation in the normal drying operation. The drying control is performed based on the amount of tension to be applied, the drying speed α1, and the set moisture value Mset. Then, during the normal drying operation, moisture measurement is not performed, and moisture is measured based on the drying control moisture measurement. When the set moisture value Mset is detected, the burner is stopped and the drying control is terminated.

  At this time, in the present embodiment, it may be possible to select a mode at a higher speed (for example, a drying rate of 1.0%) than a normal mode (drying rate of 0.7%) in the normal drying process. When selected, moisture measurement for automatically measuring moisture unevenness is automatically performed, and when moisture unevenness exceeding the setting is detected, the high-speed mode is automatically canceled and drying is performed in the normal mode. That is, it is possible to prevent the shell from being easily cracked when a grain having large moisture unevenness is dried at a high speed.

  FIG. 17 is a diagram showing that the combustion amount of the burner 6 can be adjusted with the touch panel of the display unit 13, and the combustion amount and the blue and red fires can be adjusted while observing the combustion state of the burner 6.

2 Storage chamber 3 Drying unit 19 Operation control unit 20 Moisture meter H Scheduled circulation time Hn Drying time K Ventilation circulation time LVn Layer Mn Moisture value αn Scheduled drying rate

Claims (2)

In the grain dryer that dries while circulating the tension kernel,
Circulation required to measure the moisture value with a moisture meter at set intervals while circulating the stretched kernel, grasp the moisture irregularity state of the kernel, and converge the moisture irregularity of the kernel within a predetermined range A grain dryer characterized in that time is calculated and drying is performed by selecting a drying speed which is a drying time corresponding to the circulation time.   2. The grain dryer according to claim 1, wherein when the drying time at the slowest drying speed is shorter than the circulation time, the difference between the circulation time and the drying time is air-circulated.

Images