JP2007170734A - Circulation type grain drying machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a circulation type grain drying machine capable of coping with a handing volume of a wide range by performing drying work even if the quantity of grains charged in a drying portion is not enough. <P>SOLUTION: This circulation type grain drying machine is composed of an elevating machine 15, an upper gutter 12a, a storing portion 12, the drying portion 13, a grain collecting portion 14, a lower gutter 14b, an operating panel 17 and the like. A shutter member 22s is disposed on the bottom of the upper gutter 12a, and the operating panel 17 is provided with a selecting means 17b for performing drying work by circulating grains in a state of opening the shutter member 22s. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a circulation type grain dryer that includes a storage unit, a drying unit, a circulation transfer unit, and the like, and circulates and drys grains.

  As shown in Patent Document 1, a storage unit for tempering and storing the grain, a drying unit for drying the grain received from the storage unit, and a lead rod that receives the grain and derives it to the outer peripheral position of the machine body 2. Description of the Related Art A circulation type grain dryer having a tower type structure including an attached grain collection unit and a circulation transfer unit that returns the grain to a storage unit at an outer peripheral position of the machine body is known.

This grain dryer is equipped with an introduction basket for spreading the whole grain and a diffusion mechanism in the storage part, and the grain diffused in the whole storage part is filled in the drying part that is received below and is heated by hot air. Drying is performed, and the next drying cycle is performed by the cereal collection unit and the circulation transfer unit. Thus, a uniform drying process can be efficiently advanced about a lot of grains.
JP 2001-124471 A

  However, in the above-mentioned circulation type grain dryer, when the filling kernel in the drying section is insufficient, the amount of hot air entering between the grains decreases and the drying operation does not proceed. It was not possible to handle less than the amount of grain.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a circulation type grain dryer capable of performing a drying operation even when the grains are short of the filling grains in the drying section and capable of handling a wide range of handling amounts. There is.

  The invention of claim 1 includes an elevator (15) for raising the input grain, an upper hull (12a) having an upper spiral (12f) for transferring the grain raised and lowered by the elevator (15), and an upper hull A storage unit (12) for storing the grains transferred in (12a), and a drying unit that exposes hot air to the grains flowing down the grain flow passage (13a) provided below the storage unit (12) to dry them. (13), a cereal collecting part (14) below the drying part (13) for receiving dried grains, and an elevator (15) at the lower end of the cereal collecting part (14). ) In the circulation type grain dryer having a lower hull (14b) having a lower helix (14f) to be transferred to an operation panel (17) for operating various devices, A shutter member (22s) is provided, and the operation panel (17) is provided with the shutter member (22s). Characterized in that the provided selection means for the drying operation by circulating the grain in the open state (17b).

  In the storage section, when the shutter member of the introduction paddle is closed by the selection means, the introduction grain is stretched over the entire surface from the end, and the drying section functions by the amount of grain necessary for the whole surface filling, and the next is performed by the grain collection section and the elevator. Move to the drying cycle. Moreover, when the shutter member is opened, the introduced grain is partially stretched into the storage part from the middle of the upper bowl, and the partially stretched grain is filled into the drying part, and the drying part is filled with the necessary amount of grain. It functions and moves to the next drying cycle by the cereal collector and elevator.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, when the selecting means (17b) is selected to perform the drying operation, the shutter member (22s) does not return to the closed state during the drying operation. To do.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, when the selection means (17b) is selected and a drying operation is performed, the shutter member (22s) automatically returns to the closed state after the drying operation is completed. It is characterized by that.

  According to the invention of claim 1, the grain dryer having the above-described configuration is switched between full filling and partial filling in accordance with a signal, and a small quantity of grain that is less than the grain amount necessary for full filling of the drying unit is obtained. Even in this case, the drying operation does not result in a malfunction of the drying section due to insufficient filling, so even a single grain dryer can handle a wide range of handling volumes with simple switching control without being bothered by handling of fractional quantities. Can be dried.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to prevent poor drying due to the shutter member returning during the drying operation.

  According to the invention of claim 3, after the drying operation is completed, when the next grain is a normal drying operation, it is possible to prevent an erroneous operation of circulating and drying with the shutter member opened.

1 to 3 are an external perspective view of a grain dryer, a perspective front view showing an internal configuration thereof, and a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part thereof.
The grain dryer 11 is a storage part 12 for tempering and storing the grain, a drying part 13 for drying the grain received from the storage part, and a derivation for receiving the grain and deriving it to the outer peripheral position of the machine body. A cereal collecting part 14 is configured in a stacked manner, and a circulating transfer part (elevator) 15 for returning from the cereal collecting part 14 to the storage part 12 is arranged at the outer peripheral position of the body on the front side to form a tower shape.

The storage unit 12 is provided with a diffusion mechanism by an introduction rod (upper rod) 12a driven by a spiral 12f and a rotary blade 12b for introducing the grains received from the circulation transfer unit 15 at the outer peripheral position of the aircraft to the center position of the aircraft in plan view. Prepare.
The drying unit 13 includes a hot air supply side provided with a burner 13c and a suction fan 13d, and a hot air transmission passage (grain flow down passage) 13a made of a porous plate formed in a lower portion of the storage portion 12 with a fixed feed valve 13b. The exhaust air side is configured with the hot air transmission passage 13a interposed therebetween.

The cereal collection unit 14 is configured by a falling plate 14a that is inclined to collect the grains received from the metering feed valve 13b below the drying unit 13 and a lead ridge (lower cocoon) 14b driven by a spiral 14f.
The circulation transfer part 15 is comprised by the bucket conveyor etc. which raise and transfer a grain from the grain collection part 14 to the storage part 12 in the body outer periphery position. A grain filling port (not shown) is provided at the lower end, and a grain discharge port 15b having an openable / closable shutter 15s is provided at the upper end, and an automatic moisture meter 16 for automatically measuring the moisture content of the grain is disposed. To do. In addition, an operation operation panel (operation panel) 17 of the dryer is disposed at the front position.

  The storage unit 12 will be described in detail. As shown in the plan view of the main part of FIG. 4 and the enlarged exploded perspective view of FIG. 5, the upper part of the storage unit 12 is spirally driven in the depth direction from the circulation transfer unit 15 on the front side. An introduction rod 12a for introducing and transferring the grains is disposed. The introduction basket 12a opens the grain introduction terminal as a grain outlet 21 for stretching over the entire surface of the storage unit 12 facing the diffusion mechanism 12b at the center position of the machine body in plan view, and the grain outlet 21 In the meantime, the middle dropping port 22 for partial tensioning is opened on the bottom surface of the introduction rod 12a. A shutter member 22s that opens and closes in response to a signal and performs a tension switching operation is pivotally supported on the midway drop port 22.

  Further, a rod member 22r that pushes up the shutter member 22s in parallel with the introduction rod 12a is pivotally supported, and one end of the rod member 22r is rotationally driven by a motor 15m that opens and closes the shutter 15s of the grain outlet 15b.

  The opening / closing mechanism by the motor 15m includes a first action arm 24a acting on the operation arm 15a of the shutter 15s of the grain outlet 15b and an intermediate position, as shown in the perspective views of the closing (a) and opening (b) in FIG. The second action arm 24b acting on the operation arm 22a of the shutter member 22s of the drop port 22 is driven to swing by the motor 15m, and the grain discharge port 15b of the circulation transfer unit 15 and the introduction basket according to the normal rotation and reverse rotation thereof. Opening / closing control is individually performed for the midway drop port 22a. In this case, the operating arms 15a and 22a are held in the closing direction by the return springs 15f and 22f attached to the operating arms 15a and 22a, respectively, and when the midway drop port 22 is opened, the lead for detecting the position where the shutter member 22s is opened. Control is performed to stop and hold the motor 15m at the reverse rotation position by the switch.

  When the storage unit 12 closes the shutter member 22 s of the introduction basket 12 a, the introduced grain passes through the midway dropping port 22 and is fully stretched into the storage unit 12 from the terminal grain outlet 21, and is necessary for full filling. The drying unit 13 functions with an appropriate amount of grains, and the cereal collecting unit 14 and the circulation transfer unit 15 shift to the next drying cycle. Moreover, when the shutter member 22s is opened, the introduced grain is partially stretched from the midway dropping port 22 to the front side in the storage unit 12, and the partially stretched grain is filled in the corresponding section of the drying unit 13. Then, the drying unit functions by the necessary amount of grains, and the cereal collecting unit 14 and the circulation transfer unit 15 shift to the next drying cycle.

  In this way, the grain dryer 11 switches between full and partial tensioning in accordance with the signal independently of the opening and closing operation of the grain outlet 15b in the tensioning process and the circulation drying process at the start of operation. Even in the case of a small amount of grains that are less than the grain amount necessary for the entire filling of the drying unit 13, the drying operation is performed without falling into a malfunction of the drying unit 13 due to insufficient filling due to the division drying. Therefore, even with a single grain dryer, it is possible to perform a drying process corresponding to a wide handling amount by simple switching control without being bothered by handling of the fractional quantity. Moreover, the damage of a grain is suppressed by the reduction of the frequency | count of circulation by partial filling.

  As shown in the panel configuration diagram of FIG. 7, the operation of the grain dryer 11 having the above-described configuration is performed for a small amount of operation in addition to setting the grain type and time for the setting unit 17a on the operation operation panel 17. A switch button (selection means) 17b is provided to control the shutter member 22s of the introduction rod 12a to open. In accordance with the setting of the grain type and time by the setting unit 17a, each process is controlled by the operation of the switch group 17c of “pasting”, “drying”, “discharge”, and “stop”, and a display unit that identifies a device abnormality An appropriate drying process can be performed along 17d. When a small amount of grain is dried, the tension is switched by operating the switch button 17b, and a small amount drying operation is possible.

  The details of the normal operation by the grain dryer 11 are as follows. When the “span” switch of the switch group 17c is operated, the elevator 15 and the upper spiral 12f start driving, and the operator enters the insertion port (not shown). When the grain is put in, it is raised by the elevator 15, then transferred by the upper spiral 12 f, diffused throughout the storage unit 12 by the rotary blade 12 b, and sequentially filled in the dryer. When the tensioning operation is finished and the “stop” switch is operated, the elevator 15 and the upper spiral 12f finish driving. Then, when the “dry” switch is operated, the burner 13c starts to burn, and the circulating and transferring parts such as the elevator 15, the upper spiral 12f, the metering feed valve 13b, the lower spiral 14f, etc. start to drive, while the grains circulate. When passing through the grain flow passage 13a of the drying unit 13, it is exposed to hot air and dried.

  When the moisture value of the grain reaches the set moisture (for example, 14.5%), the drying operation is finished and the burner 13c and the circulation transfer unit are stopped. Then, when the “discharge” switch is operated, the circulation transfer unit is driven. The shutter 15s of the grain outlet 15b is opened and sequentially discharged out of the dryer.

  Further, in the case of a small amount of drying, when the “insertion” switch is operated and then the switch button 17b for the small amount operation is operated, the elevator 15 and the upper spiral 12f start driving, and the shutter member 22s is opened. When the worker puts the grain into the insertion port (not shown), the grain is lifted by the elevator 15, and the grain falls on the front side of the storage unit 12 without being transferred to the rotary blade 12 b by the upper spiral 12 f, Only the side grain flow passage 13a is filled. When the tensioning operation is finished and the “stop” switch is operated, the elevator 15 and the upper spiral 12f finish driving. Then, when the “dry” switch is operated, the burner 13c starts to burn, and the circulating and transferring parts such as the elevator 15, the upper spiral 12f, the metering feed valve 13b, the lower spiral 14f, etc. start to drive, while the grains circulate. When passing through the front side of the grain flow passage 13a of the drying unit 13, it is exposed to hot air and dried. Note that the switch button 17b for a small amount operation can be operated after the operation of the “dry” switch so as to be switched to the small amount drying so that the operator can appropriately select the amount while checking the amount of filled grains. .

  When the moisture value of the grain reaches the set moisture (for example, 14.5%), the drying operation is finished and the burner 13c and the circulation transfer unit are stopped. Then, when the “discharge” switch is operated, the circulation transfer unit is driven. The shutter 15s of the grain outlet 15b is opened and sequentially discharged out of the dryer.

  In the above, when the switch button 17b is selected and the drying operation is performed, the shutter member 22s is controlled so as not to return to the closed state during the drying operation, thereby drying by the shutter member returning during the drying operation. Defects can be prevented. When the switch button 17b is selected and the drying operation is performed, the shutter member 22s is automatically closed after the drying operation is completed, that is, when the set moisture is reached and the dryer is automatically stopped or when the discharging operation is completed. By controlling to return to the state, when the next grain is a normal drying operation after the drying operation is completed, it is possible to prevent an erroneous operation of circulating the drying operation with the shutter member opened. Can do.

Next, measurement control of the moisture meter will be described.
The control of the moisture meter 16 is configured to change the measurement interval according to the amount of tension when starting drying after the tensioning, calculate the average of the whole grains in the dryer, and perform display processing. Specifically, for example, a value obtained by moving average processing of four moisture values is set as a moisture value, and the amount of tension is set by the operator at the time of stretching and starting drying. Allocate the measurement interval for each batch and display the total average moisture (moving average is not fixed at 4 times but multiple times).

  Specifically, the circulation rate of the dryer is set within one hour for one cycle in the maximum model of the series. For example, if one cycle is one hour and the number of times of averaging is four times, the measurement is performed at intervals of 15 minutes. The average moisture in the machine can be displayed. Of course, if the number of times is increased, the accuracy will increase accordingly. If the amount of insertion is half, the interval will be 7.5 minutes.

  Conventionally, measurement is performed with a moisture meter measurement sequence regardless of the amount of tension, so it cannot be said that the moisture content in the entire dryer is representative. However, by the above measurement process, a value close to the average moisture in the dryer can be displayed after one circulation except for the display of measurement points until one circulation.

Next, a cereal collection part is demonstrated.
The cereal collecting unit 14 is provided with acceleration detectors 14s on both the left and right sides of the falling plate 14a and the like, and notifies the detected value by abnormality determination processing by comparing it with predetermined data. That is, the acceleration detector 14s is attached to the flow-down plate 14a (a protector in the case of a far-infrared machine) immediately below the feeding valve 13b, and the detection signal is compared with a specified value on the control panel to determine an abnormality.

  Conventionally, an actuator is provided in the connection part (upper adapter) of the upper elevator 15a at the upper part of the elevator (circulation transfer part) 15, and the resistance of the grain is measured by the automatic moisture meter 16 with the movement detected by the microswitch. Although it is known that the determination is made based on the presence or absence of grains, detection is impossible when only one side is not fed out, and detection with a microswitch has a problem in contact durability of the switch. In the case of the moisture meter 16, when the moisture meter itself fails, the safety sensor is lacking, which causes inconvenience in use.

  However, the acceleration detection process 14s described above has advantages such as high reliability because it captures direct vibration due to the fall of grain, no failure due to wear, etc. because it does not touch the grain, and the ability to detect left and right. can get.

Next, operation control at the end of the drying process will be described.
At the end of drying, the grain temperature is considerably higher than the outside air temperature, and if it is crushed immediately, it may cause skin slippage.If the grain temperature is left high, quality may be impaired. Accordingly, control is performed to stop after cooling.

  Specifically, a detection device for directly or indirectly detecting the grain temperature and a detection device for detecting the outside air temperature are provided, and when the set moisture is set by the automatic moisture detection stop device, the moisture is automatically stopped in a predetermined sequence. A control mechanism (device) is provided for comparing the grain temperature just before the automatic stop and the outside air temperature, calculating the cooling time from the difference, the amount of tension set in the controller and the circulation speed, and setting and controlling the cooling ventilation time.

  The control process according to the above configuration detects the grain temperature just before the end of drying, considers the outside air temperature, the grain temperature, the amount of tension, and the circulation speed, and circulates and cools the air until the grain temperature reaches near the outside air temperature. Separately, the hawaii temperature measured directly and the outside air temperature may be compared, and ventilation may be performed until the hawaii temperature is close to the outside air temperature.

Conventionally, after the drying is finished, it just stops in a predetermined sequence and does not change due to the grain temperature at the finish. For this reason, if there are environmental conditions that make it difficult to dry (the grain temperature is controlled), the grain temperature will be high, and the grain temperature will remain high even when it is stopped. There was a risk of quality loss. Although it is conceivable to increase the cooling time uniformly, it was unreasonable from the viewpoint of speeding up drying when the grain temperature was low.
However, by the above control, the grain temperature is detected and cooled until it reaches a certain level in comparison with the air temperature, so that when the drying is finished (when the dryer is automatically stopped), it is possible to immediately drag.

Next, the purge process when drying is stopped will be described.
The purge time is automatically selected and set according to the amount of squeezing or the grain temperature, and is controlled to stop after the grain is cooled at the end of drying. Specifically, the purge time (cooling) at the time of stopping the drying is automatically changed according to the amount of filling or the grain temperature or both. Since the purge time becomes longer in the implementation, it can be selected by a dip switch, system setting, or the like.

  Conventional far-infrared dryers have stopped cooling for a certain period (20 minutes) to prevent burns when the radiator temperature is high at the end of drying and touch the high-temperature part, and to protect the peripheral equipment against heat. . On the other hand, when dried with a far-infrared dryer, the grain temperature is generally 2 to 3 ° C. higher than that of the hot air machine, making drying easier. When moisture was measured immediately after drying while the grain temperature was high, it was measured as a higher moisture value and judged to be undried, and as a result of follow-up drying, overdrying could occur. However, since the cereal temperature is cooled and stopped in order to eliminate this problem, the difference in moisture value is reduced even if the measurement is performed immediately after the stop.

Next, the discharge control will be described.
At the time of direct sliding of the hulling machine, near the end of discharging, the amount discharged from the dryer is insufficient and the hulling work becomes defective. Therefore, near the end, the valve feeding program is changed to control the rotation of the valve 13b to be increased.

More specifically, a mode assuming direct sliding of the hulling machine is provided in the controller (dip operation, system setting, etc.), and the drive of the feed valve 13b is accelerated near the end of discharge.
For example, the discharge capacity can be switched to 4, 5, 6, 7 ton / h, the amount of hulling is 3 ton / h, and the initial discharge amount is 4 ton / h, but the discharge amount is about 2 ton / h near the end of the discharge. Since it falls, the discharge program of 7 ton / h is set in this vicinity.

  Conventionally, there has been one in which the discharge capacity can be changed by a dip operation or the like in the controller, but there has been no change only near the end of discharge. In other words, when the paper is discharged directly to the hulling machine, the grain in the dryer is only on one side or only a part of the front and back near the end of discharging, and there is not enough discharge and sufficient grain is supplied to the hulling machine. It becomes a malfunction. Further, if the discharge amount is increased in advance, the number of circulation is increased, and the grain damage increases, which is not preferable. However, with the above control configuration, it is possible to secure the supply amount even just before the end of discharge, and avoid the occurrence of problems.

As another control method, the fan is rotated to prevent dust from appearing around the standard at the time of discharge. However, if suction is applied, a small amount of grains, dust, etc. remain on the rotary valve 13b. Since the air is not rolled up and dropped by the suction air, the fan 13d is stopped and discharged immediately before the discharge is finished.
Specifically, the fan 13d can be arbitrarily stopped on the control panel, the end of automatic discharge can be detected, and the fan is controlled to stop (stop suction) before the discharge ends. The automatic moisture meter 16 determines the end of discharge, and when this is detected, when the discharge end is detected or close to the end data, the fan 13d is stopped and the suction air is eliminated to reduce the residual amount.

  Conventionally, the fan 13d can be stopped at the time of discharge by selection with a switch, but cannot be stopped only before the end of discharge. For this reason, even if the inside of the drying unit 13 is empty, there is a suction wind, and due to this ventilation, some grains, rice husks, etc. are blown up on the rotary valve 13b and remain without forever falling.

  However, as described above, since the suction air is stopped at the end, light dust and grains all fall and remain. The bottom of the spiral, the bottom of the elevator, etc. can be easily cleaned from the outside, but the rotary valve 13b is difficult to clean, and sometimes it is desirable to prevent mixing when switching between wheat and rice, reducing the residual amount further be able to.

It is an external appearance perspective view of a grain dryer. It is a transparent front view which shows the internal structure of a grain dryer. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of a grain dryer. It is a principal part top view of a storage part. It is an expansion exploded perspective view of a storage part. It is a perspective view of closure (a) and opening (b) of an opening-and-closing mechanism. It is a panel block diagram of a grain dryer.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Grain dryer 12 Storage part 12 The said storage part 12a Introductory rice cake (upper rice cake)
12b Rotating blade (diffusion mechanism)
12f Upper spiral 13 Drying part 13a Hot air transmission passage (grain flow passage)
14 Grain collection part 14b Derived rice cake (lower rice cake)
14f Lower spiral 15 Circulation transfer part (elevator)
15m motor 17 operation panel (operation panel)
17b Switch button (selection means)
21 Grain exit 22 Midway drop 22s Shutter member 22a Operation arm 24b Action arm

Claims (3)

Elevator (15) for raising the input grain, upper hull (12a) with upper spiral (12f) for transferring the grain raised and lowered by the elevator (15), and upper hull (12a) The storage part (12) which stores a grain, the drying part (13) which exposes hot air to the grain which flows down the grain flow passage (13a) provided below the storage part (12), and the drying A cereal collecting part (14) under the part (13) for receiving dried grains, and a lower spiral for transferring the grains to the elevator (15) at the lower end of the cereal collecting part (14). 14f) In a circulation type grain dryer provided with a lower basket (14b) provided with an operation panel (17) for operating various devices,
A selection means (which is provided with a shutter member (22s) at the bottom of the upper basket (12a), and circulates the grain with the shutter member (22s) opened on the operation panel (17)). A circulation type grain dryer provided with 17b).   The circulation type grain dryer according to claim 1, wherein when the selecting means (17b) is selected and the drying operation is performed, the shutter member (22s) does not return to the closed state during the drying operation.   The circulation type grain according to claim 1, wherein when the drying means is selected and the drying operation is performed, the shutter member (22s) automatically returns to the closed state after the drying operation is completed. Grain dryer.

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