JP5421047B2 - Ground surface protection material and ground surface protection structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ground surface protective material and a ground surface protective structure for protecting the ground surface, and more particularly, to a ground surface protective material and a ground surface protective structure capable of controlling the generation time of herbs on the ground surface.

  As a conventional ground surface protective material that protects the ground surface (slope, etc.) from erosion by rainwater or the like, a “vegetation sandbag” or “greening member” as described in Patent Document 1 or 2 is well known.

  The “vegetation sandbag” of Patent Document 1 is filled with sand for plant growth inside a sandbag bag made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like, and the surface material and the back material of the sandbag bag are partially sutured, thereby The plant is rooted on the entire surface of the “vegetation sandbag”.

  The “greening member” of Patent Document 2 divides a sandbag bag made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like into a plurality of compartments, and fills each compartment with soil for plant growth (not including nutrients). A window is formed on the surface, and a tree previously planted in the soil from the window is rooted on the ground surface.

JP-A-8-109635 JP 2001-57 A

  According to the “vegetation sandbag” of Patent Document 1, since the plant can be quickly rooted on the entire surface of the “vegetation sandbag”, the plant can be quickly landed on the entire ground surface (Patent Document 1). Paragraph [0010]). However, when growing tree seedlings on the ground surface, the herbs that grow on the surface of the “vegetation sandbag” may compress the seedlings or block sunlight from the seedlings, which may cause the seedlings to die. It was.

  On the other hand, according to the “greening member” of Patent Document 2, it is possible to promote the planting of seedlings on the ground surface while suppressing generation of herbs by not including nutrients in the soil (Patent Document 2). Paragraph [0017]). However, the “greening member” can be used only for “uses for growing trees” and cannot be used for “uses for greening areas not growing trees”.

  Moreover, since these “vegetation sandbag” and “greening member” were both filled with earth or sand or soil, the sandbags were filled with heavy sand and had problems of poor transportability and workability. Furthermore, since these all used sandbag bags with poor degradability made of polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., the mixing of the earth or sand in the sandbags with the soil on the ground surface was not promoted, and the vegetation environment on the ground surface There was a problem that could not be improved sufficiently.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and can improve the vegetation environment on the ground surface and promote the growth of trees. An object of the present invention is to provide a ground surface protective material and a ground surface protective structure that can also be used for the "use". Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the ground surface protection material and ground surface protection structure which can improve conveyance property and construction property by weight reduction.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the ground surface protective material of the present invention is a ground surface protective material laid on the ground surface, and the inside of a bag made of a cloth made of biodegradable yarn, The plant is filled with a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material containing an acid.

  In this configuration, the vegetation environment on the ground surface can be improved by the vegetation environment improving material containing silicic acid. That is, when the silicic acid contained in the vegetation environment improving material is given to the soil on the ground surface, microorganisms propagate in the soil, and the soil particles on the ground surface are aggregated by the microorganisms. And when soil particle | grains are aggregated, since the air permeability and water permeability of soil are improved, vegetation environment is improved. Therefore, native grasses can be naturally generated from the ground surface, and the grasses can be directly and reliably rooted on the ground surface.

  In addition, since it takes a certain amount of time for the vegetation environment on the ground surface to be improved by the ground surface protective material, the time for laying the ground surface protective material and the time for planting the tree seedlings are the same period. Even so, the generation of herbs can be suppressed until the seedling grows. Therefore, it is possible to create a situation that “the trees (seedlings) are already large by the time the herbaceous plants are generated”, and the problem that “the trees are under sunshine due to the shade made by the herbs”. Can be resolved. In other words, the growth of trees (seedlings) can be promoted by controlling the generation time of herbs.

  And since the ground surface protective material has a function to improve the vegetation environment on the ground surface, it can also be used for "uses for greening areas not growing trees". Furthermore, since the inside of the bag is filled with a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material, it can achieve a significant weight reduction compared to the prior art (Patent Documents 1 and 2) filled with earth and sand or soil. , Transportability and workability can be improved.

  The vegetation environment improving material may be dead grass.

  In this configuration, since “dead grass” having excellent degradability is used as a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material containing silicic acid, the efficiency of silicic acid supply to the soil on the ground surface can be increased. Specific examples of “dead grass” include cocoons, cocoons, Japanese pampas grass, and cocoons.

  The dead grass may be a straw obtained from abandoned tatami.

  In this configuration, “藁” as a vegetation environment improving material can be stably obtained at low cost from waste tatami as building waste material.

  The yarn may be hemp yarn.

  In this configuration, “hemp yarn” which is a natural material is used as the yarn constituting the bag, so that the bag, that is, the hemp bag, can be easily decomposed by microorganisms, and the mixing of the vegetation environment improving material into the soil is promoted. be able to.

  The bag is formed to have a square shape in plan view, and the inner space of the bag is sewn in a cross shape between a surface material constituting the surface of the bag and a back material constituting the back surface of the bag. By doing so, it may be divided into four compartments having a square shape in plan view, and each of the compartments may be filled with the vegetation environment improving material.

  In this configuration, since the internal space of the bag is divided into four compartments by the cross-shaped stitching portion, it is possible to prevent the vegetation environment improving material from being displaced. Moreover, since a groove is formed between two adjacent compartments by the cross-shaped stitching portion, it is possible to capture the seeds of the herbaceous plants that have come in, and to grow the herbaceous species in the grooves. it can. Furthermore, rainwater or spring water can be drained using the groove.

  The stitched portion in which the surface material and the back material are sewn in a cross shape is folded so that the portion where the surface material and the back material are overlapped is convex downward, and the folded portion is It may be configured by sewing.

  In this configuration, since the portion where the front surface material and the back surface material are overlapped is folded downward so as to be convex, the cross-sectional shape of the stitched portion is substantially V-shaped. Therefore, a substantially V-shaped groove having excellent water permeability can be formed between two adjacent compartments.

  The ground surface protection structure of the present invention comprises a plurality of bags comprising a cloth made of a biodegradable yarn and a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material containing silicic acid filled in the bag. A ground surface protection structure in which ground surface protection materials are laid side by side on a ground surface inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, wherein each of the ground surface protection materials includes a surface material constituting a surface of the bag and a back surface of the bag Characterized by having a groove formed by stitching together with a back surface material that constitutes a drainage path by linearly continuing the groove of the adjacent ground surface protection material. To do.

  This configuration is a ground surface protection structure using a ground surface protection material, and the drainage channel is formed by the continuous grooves of adjacent ground surface protection materials. Accumulation in the inside of the bag can be prevented, and undesired corrosion of the bag due to moisture can be prevented. Moreover, since the water which flows through the said drainage channel can be given to a vegetation environment improvement material, reproduction of the microorganisms which contribute to the improvement of a vegetation environment can be accelerated | stimulated.

  The ground surface protective material is formed to have a square shape in plan view, and each of the ground surface protective materials has a diagonal line extending in the same direction as the inclination direction of the ground surface. The structure currently laid in may be sufficient.

  In this configuration, since the ground surface protective material is laid such that one diagonal extends in the same direction as the inclination direction of the ground surface, the volume at the lower end of the bag is small. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the vegetation environment improving material from shifting to the lower end portion, and the vegetation environment on the ground surface can be improved evenly.

  The internal space of the bag is partitioned into four compartments having a square shape in plan view by stitching the front surface material and the back surface material in a cross shape, and each of the compartments has the vegetation environment. The structure filled with the improvement material may be sufficient.

  In this configuration, since the internal space of the bag is divided into four compartments, it is possible to more effectively prevent the vegetation environment improving material from being displaced.

  A planter provided on the ground surface for growing trees may further be provided, and the ground surface protective material may be laid so as to surround the planter.

  In this configuration, the ground surface protective material laid so as to surround the planter can delay the generation time of herbs, so “By the time the herb occurs, the tree (sapling) has already grown. Can be created, and the problem of “shortage of sunlight in trees due to the shade made by herbs” can be solved.

  The ground surface inclined with respect to the horizontal plane may be a slope.

  In this configuration, the ground surface inclined with respect to the horizontal plane is limited to the “slope”.

  The present invention is configured as described above, and can improve the vegetation environment on the ground surface with a vegetation environment improving material containing silicic acid. Can be rooted in. In addition, by delaying the generation time of the herbs, it is possible to prevent the trees from being insufficiently sunshine, so that the growth of the trees can be promoted. And since the vegetation environment on the ground surface can be improved and grasses can be cultivated, it can also be used for “uses for greening areas not growing trees”. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to fill the inside of the bag with earth and sand or soil and the weight can be reduced, the transportability and workability can be improved.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the ground surface protective material which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ground surface protection material which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a front view which shows the structure of the ground surface protective material which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line in FIG. It is a partial expanded sectional view which shows the structure of a cross-shaped stitching | suture part. It is a front view which shows the structure of the ground surface protection structure using the ground surface protection material which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the VII-VII sectional view taken on the line in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state in which 2-3 months passed, after comprising a ground-surface protection structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which 5-6 years passed after comprising the ground-surface protection structure. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ground surface protection material which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
[Configuration of surface protection material]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a ground surface protective material 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the ground surface protective material 10. Moreover, FIG. 3 is a front view which shows the ground surface protective material 10, and FIG. 4 is the IV-IV sectional view taken on the line in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the ground surface protective material 10 is laid on the slope A for the purpose of protecting the surface layer of the slope A as the “ground surface” from erosion by rainwater or the like. Yes, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material 18 containing silicic acid in a bag 16 made of a cloth 14 composed of a biodegradable thread 12 (FIG. 4). Is filled.

  The yarn 12 is a linear member formed by twisting natural fibers or biodegradable plastic fibers. The type of the thread 12 is not particularly limited as long as it has biodegradability, but from the viewpoint of preventing the loss of shape when the bag 16 is configured, it is possible to use “hemp yarn” having a low elongation. desirable.

  The cloth 14 is a woven cloth obtained by weaving the thread 12, and the interval between the threads 12 in the cloth 14, that is, the size of the weave, does not pass through the vegetation environment improving material 18 that is the contents of the bag 16. And it is designed so that sufficient air permeability and water permeability can be obtained. In addition, as the woven structure of the cloth 14, a plain weave, a twill weave, a muzzle weave, or the like can be arbitrarily selected and used. desirable.

  The bag 16 is formed such that a rectangular cloth 14 is folded into two in the longitudinal center portion so that the shape in plan view becomes a square, and the square surface material 20 constituting the surface of the bag 16 As shown in FIG. 2, the square back surface material 22 constituting the back surface of the bag 16 is continuous on one side 16a of the four sides of the bag 16, and the remaining three sides 16b, 16c and 16d are yarns. 24 are stitched together. The size of the bag 16 is not particularly limited as long as the transportability and workability are not impaired, but in the present embodiment, the weight when the vegetation environment improving material 18 is filled is “1 m ( It is designed to have a size of “vertical) × 1 m (horizontal) × 0.1 m (height)”. The type of the yarn 24 is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to use a biodegradable yarn (hemp yarn or the like) from the viewpoint of reducing the load on the natural environment.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the surface material 20 and the back surface material 22 are comprised by folding the rectangular cloth 14 into two, these structural aspects are not limited to this, Manufacturing It may be appropriately changed in consideration of the above convenience. For example, the surface material 20 and the back surface material 22 may be integrally configured by weaving the cloth 14 into a cylindrical shape, or the surface material 20 and the back surface material 22 may be separately configured as the square cloth 14. In the former case, the bag 16 is completed by stitching the surface material 20 and the back surface material 22 on two sides, and in the latter case, the surface material 20 and the back surface material 22 are stitched on four sides. This completes the bag 16.

  And as shown in FIG. 5, the interior space of the bag 16 has four compartments R in which the shape in plan view is square by stitching the surface material 20 and the back surface material 22 into a cross shape using the thread 26. Each of the compartments R is filled with a vegetation environment improving material 18.

  A stitched portion 28 in which the surface material 20 and the back material 22 are sewn in a cross shape is folded so that a portion (that is, a double portion) 30 where the surface material 20 and the back material 22 are overlapped is convex downward. At the same time, the folded portion (namely, the quadruple portion) 32 is stitched with a thread 26. Therefore, the cross-sectional shape of the stitching portion 28 is substantially V-shaped, and a substantially V-shaped groove 34 having excellent water permeability is formed between two adjacent compartments R.

  The stitch structure of the cross-shaped stitching portion 28 is not particularly limited as long as the inner space of the bag 16 can be partitioned, and may be configured by stitching the double portion 30 with the thread 26, for example. Even in this case, a groove can be formed between two adjacent compartments R, and rainwater or the like can flow into the groove. The type of the yarn 26 is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to use a biodegradable yarn (hemp yarn or the like) from the viewpoint of reducing the load on the natural environment.

  The vegetation environment improving material 18 is derived from a plant containing silicic acid. Specifically, “dead grass”, “wood chips”, etc. obtained by drying cut grass such as cocoons, cocoons, pampas grass and cocoons are vegetated. Used as an environmental improvement material 18. Among the materials that can be used as the vegetation environment improving material 18, “dead grass” is an excellent source of silicic acid to the soil because its fibers are soft and easy to be decomposed. It is an excellent material that can be stably supplied because it is continuously produced in large quantities as a by-product. In addition, among the cocoons, cocoons obtained from abandoned tatami are obtained from building waste materials that are generated when rebuilding or demolishing buildings. Excellent as a friendly recycling material.

  The effectiveness of silicic acid for improving the vegetation environment has been proved by traditional agricultural techniques. For example, the “laying culling method” that pushes down the straw uses the “vegetation environment improvement function” of silicic acid. It is well known.

When each compartment R of the bag 16 is filled with the vegetation environment improving material 18, as shown in FIG. 5, the surface material 20 is lifted by the vegetation environment improving material 18, and is substantially V-shaped between the two adjacent compartments R. And the quadruple portion 32 of the cross-shaped stitching portion 28 protrudes from the bottom surface of the bag 16. Therefore, when the ground surface protection material 10 is laid on the slope A, the quadruple portion 32 protruding in a cross shape can be functioned as a “locking portion that is hooked on the surface of the slope A”. The position shift of the protective material 10 can be prevented.
[Configuration of ground surface protection structure]
When planting the slope A, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, at least one (two in this embodiment) planters 38 for growing the trees 36 are placed at predetermined locations on the slope A. A plurality of ground surface protection materials 10 are laid on the slope A so as to surround the planter 38, thereby providing a ground surface protection including at least one planter 38 and a plurality of ground surface protection materials 10. Structure 40 is constructed.

  Each of the plurality of ground surface protection members 10 constituting the ground surface protection structure 40 is configured so that one diagonal line L (FIG. 6) of the “square” having a planar view shape extends in the same direction as the inclination direction of the slope A. It is laid on the slope A and fixed on the slope A by sticking a fixing pin (not shown) penetrating through the center of the bag 16 into the soil of the slope A. Further, each of the ground surface protective materials 10 has a slope A so that the grooves 34 of the adjacent ground surface protective materials 10 are linearly continuous and the grooves 42 are formed between the adjacent ground surface protective materials 10. Are arranged side by side in a direction inclined at an angle of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the inclination direction, and the drainage channel 44 extending in this direction is configured in a mesh shape.

  In addition, as a method of fixing the ground surface protective material 10 on the slope A, in addition to the above-described “method of fixing using a fixing pin”, “a pressing frame formed of bamboo or the like is used for the ground surface protective material 10. "Method of mounting on top and fixing" or "Method of crossing and fixing a linear member (such as a hemp rope) that presses the ground surface protective material 10 on a pin stabbed into the soil of slope A" Can be used.

Moreover, the quantity of the vegetation environment improvement material 18 with which each compartment R of the ground surface protection material 10 is filled can be changed as appropriate. In some cases, there is a compartment R that is not filled with the vegetation environment improvement material 18. It may be. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the compartment R0 disposed at a position overlapping the planter 38 is not filled with the vegetation environment improving material 18, and the portion of the compartment R0 in the bag 16 is It is folded so as not to hinder the planting of the tree 36.
[Action and effect of surface protection material]
Initially, when the ground surface protection structure 40 is formed on the slope A, a seedling of the tree 36 is planted in the planter 38 as shown in FIGS. At this time, herbaceous seeds and the like are not sown on the ground surface protective material 10, and the generation and growth of the herbaceous species are natural in the environment conditioned by the ground surface protective material 10. It is entrusted.

  After 2 to 3 months have passed since the ground surface protection structure 40 is formed on the slope A, grasses 46 are naturally generated from the grooves 34 and 42 constituting the drainage channel 44 as shown in FIG. This is considered to be because the seeds of the herbs 46 that have come flying in the wind accumulate in the grooves 34 and 42, germinate by obtaining nutrients from the soil on the slope A existing below the grooves 34 and 42. .

  At this time, the decomposition of the vegetation environment improving material 18 has not yet progressed, and even if the seeds of the herbaceous species 46 adhere to the upper surface of the surface material 20, no nutrient can be directly obtained from the vegetation environment improving material 18. Therefore, it will not germinate. Therefore, even if the herb 46 is generated in the grooves 34 and 42, the amount of the herb 46 is small, and the shade of the tree (sapling) 36 is not obstructed by the shade created by the herb 46. Growth is not inhibited.

  Since the surface material 20 is lifted by the vegetation environment improving material 18 until the vegetation environment improving material 18 is further decomposed and the volume of the vegetation environment improving material 18 is reduced, the depth of the grooves 34 and 42 is sufficient. Water will flow through the grooves 34 and 42 (i.e., drainage 44). Accordingly, it is possible to supply appropriate moisture to the vegetation environment improving material 18 from the grooves 34 and 42 (that is, the drainage channel 44), which is compatible with “the function of moisturizing and keeping warm” of the bag 16 and the vegetation environment improving material 18. Thus, the propagation of microorganisms contributing to the decomposition of the vegetation environment improving material 18 can be promoted. In addition, since the water flowing through the grooves 34 and 42 (that is, the drainage channel 44) can be supplied to the herb 46 generated there, in combination with the “function of moisturizing and keeping warm”, the herb 46 Growth can be promoted. Furthermore, since excess rainwater or the like is discharged through the drainage channel 44, it is possible to prevent the surface layer of the slope A from being eroded by rainwater or the like.

  After 5 to 6 years have passed since the ground surface protection structure 40 is formed on the slope A, the vegetation environment improving material 18 and the bag 16 are completely decomposed by microorganisms and the like as shown in FIG. It is completely integrated with the soil 48 of surface A. Therefore, the generation of the herb 46 is not suppressed by the ground surface protection material 10, and the native species of herb 46 is generated on the entire slope A.

  Since the tree 36 at this time has already grown larger than the herb 46, the shade of the tree 36 is not blocked by the shade created by the herb 46, and the growth of the tree 36 is not hindered. Further, when the vegetation environment improving material 18 and the bag 16 are completely decomposed, the rainwater or spring water tends to flow straight on the slope A in the inclined direction, but the grown tree 36 and the herbaceous plant 46 have moisture. Since it absorbs firmly, the surface layer of slope A is not eroded by rainwater or the like.

  After 9 to 10 years have passed since the construction of the ground surface protection structure 40 on the slope A (not shown), the trees 36 have already grown greatly. It is blocked and the growth of herbs 46 is suppressed. Accordingly, the herbs 46 are gradually reduced by withering and a forest mainly composed of the trees 36 is formed. At this time, since the tree 36 which has grown greatly is deeply rooted in the soil of the slope A, the ground of the slope A is extremely stable, and the surface layer of the slope A is not eroded by rainwater or the like.

  Thus, in this embodiment, the generation | occurrence | production time of the herb 46 can be controlled by comprising the ground surface protection structure 40 with the ground surface protection material 10, and while protecting the surface layer of the slope A, a tree The growth of 36 can be promoted. Further, since the vegetation environment of the slope A can be improved over a long period of time by the vegetation environment improving material 18 containing silicic acid, the herb 46 can be naturally generated from the slope A, and the slope A In contrast, the native grasses 46 can be directly and reliably rooted. Therefore, regardless of whether or not the tree 36 is grown by the planter 38, the surface layer of the slope A can be protected by the native grasses 46. In other words, the ground of slope A can be stabilized without causing disturbance of the ecosystem due to exotic herbs (eg grass).

(Second Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 10, the ground surface protection member 50 according to the second embodiment divides the internal space of the bag 52 into four compartments R whose planar shape is a right triangle by a cross-shaped stitching portion 54. The other structure is the same as that of the ground surface protective material 10 according to the first embodiment.

  When greening a slope using this ground surface protective material 50, each of the plurality of ground surface protective materials 50 has one side of a "square" having a planar view shape extending in the same direction as the slope direction of the slope. In this way, they are laid side by side on the slope. Moreover, the groove | channel 56 of the adjacent ground surface protection material 50 is continued in the direction which inclines at the angle of about 45 degree | times with respect to the inclination direction of a slope, Thereby, the drainage channel extended in the said direction is comprised by mesh shape. .

  According to the second embodiment, since a ground surface protection structure (not shown) having a substantially square shape in a plan view can be configured by arranging a plurality of ground surface protection members 50, even when the slope is a quadrangle, The entire surface can be greened evenly.

  The present invention can be used for any “ground surface” whose vegetation environment should be improved. In addition to the “slope” in each of the embodiments described above, for example, a ground surface inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in a hilly area, It can also be used on the ground surface parallel to the horizontal plane.

A ... Slope R ... Compartment 10 ... Ground surface protection material 12 ... Thread 14 ... Cloth 16 ... Bag 18 ... Vegetation environment improving material 20 ... Surface material 22 ... Back material 28 ... Suture part 30 ... Double part 32 ... Quadruple Portion 34 ... Groove 36 ... Tree 38 ... Planter 40 ... Ground surface protection structure 42 ... Groove 44 ... Drainage channel 46 ... Herbaceous matter 48 ... Soil 50 ... Ground surface protection material 52 ... Bag 54 ... Suture part 56 ... Groove

Claims (4)

A ground surface protective material laid on the ground surface,
Fill the inside of the bag made of a cloth composed of biodegradable yarn with a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material containing silicic acid,
The bag is formed so that the shape in plan view is a square,
The internal space of the bag is partitioned into four compartments having a square shape in plan view by stitching together a surface material constituting the surface of the bag and a back material constituting the back surface of the bag in a cross shape. And
A ground surface protective material in which each of the compartments is filled with the vegetation environment improving material. The stitched portion in which the surface material and the back material are sewn in a cross shape is folded so that the portion where the surface material and the back material are overlapped is convex downward, and the folded portion is The ground surface protecting material according to claim 1 , wherein the ground surface protecting material is configured by stitching. A plurality of ground surface protection materials comprising a bag made of a cloth composed of biodegradable yarns and a plant-derived vegetation environment improving material containing silicic acid filled in the bag, with respect to a horizontal plane A ground surface protection structure laid side by side on a sloping ground surface,
Each of the ground surface protective materials has a groove formed by stitching a surface material constituting the surface of the bag and a back surface material constituting the back surface of the bag,
The drainage channel is constituted by the grooves of the adjacent ground surface protecting materials adjacent to each other being linearly continuous,
The ground surface protective material is formed to have a square shape in plan view, and each of the ground surface protective materials has a diagonal line extending in the same direction as the inclination direction of the ground surface. Ground surface protection structure laid on the ground . The internal space of the bag is partitioned into four compartments having a square shape in plan view by stitching the front surface material and the back surface material in a cross shape.
The ground surface protection structure according to claim 3 , wherein each of the compartments is filled with the vegetation environment improving material.

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