JP5419171B2 - Electronic musical instruments - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and in particular, in the case where repeated performance practice is performed in accordance with a sample performance, the electronic musical instrument can be enhanced by changing the tempo of the sample performance according to the actual performance situation of the performer. About.

  There is an electronic musical instrument that has a practice function for performing a sample performance and allowing the performer to perform a performance in accordance with the sample performance. In the comparison judgment process of this practice function, the sample performance is compared with the performance by the performer (actual performance), the deviation between the two is calculated, the actual performance situation is judged based on this deviation, and the judgment result is given to the performer. Present.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an actual performance situation determination process with a practice function in a conventional electronic musical instrument. Here, first, musical score pronunciation information to be pronounced is acquired from performance data of a sample performance stored in advance (S61), and pronunciation is performed using the acquired musical score pronunciation information. Further, the player's performance operation information (key press information) input in accordance with the pronunciation by the musical score pronunciation information is acquired (S62).

  Next, the difference between the musical score pronunciation information acquired in S61 and the performance operation information acquired in S62 is calculated and accumulated as difference information (S63). Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the song is over (S64). If it is determined in S64 that the song is not finished, the process returns to S61, and the processing from S61 to S63 is repeated until the song is finished.

  If it is determined in S64 that the song has ended, the difference information accumulated so far is calculated to determine the actual performance status (S65), and the determination result is presented to the performer.

  In Patent Document 1, performance data stored and read in advance in an electronic musical instrument is compared with performance operation information by a performance operation performed by a performer on the performance means, and the evaluation result is evaluated as image data. As a performance learning device. This performance performance learning apparatus is provided with operation means capable of selecting an arbitrary range of music data, thereby enabling partial and detailed evaluation.

JP 2003-58153 A

  However, when performing a performance using the conventional practice function, the tempo of the sample performance is set in advance prior to the practice, and the sample performance at that tempo and the actual performance are compared and determined in one performance, and the result of this determination is presented. Just doing.

  If you use this practice function to repeat your exercises, you will start from the start again after each performance, but the sample performance is the same as the preset tempo even in repeated exercises. The performer will perform the same practice as before.

  It may be difficult to perform at the set tempo, such as when the performer is clearly lacking in practice, and even in this case, if the sample performance is repeated at the same tempo, The practice effect may not improve. In such a case, it is sufficient to set a new tempo, but it is troublesome to set the tempo one by one every time it is repeated, and the tempo is set to enhance the practice effect according to the performance situation of the performer. It is difficult to do.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to change the tempo of the sample performance so as to enhance the effect of the practice according to the actual performance situation of the performer in the repeated performance practice according to the sample performance Is to provide.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is an electronic musical instrument having a practice function that allows a performer to repeatedly perform an actual performance at a predetermined tempo in accordance with the sample performance, and there is no deviation between the sample performance and the actual performance. When the number of pieces is counted , but the timing difference between the sample performance and the actual performance is compared, and it is determined that the timing difference between the two is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold that the player is not willing to match with the sample performance, the performance Assuming that the person does not intend to match the sample performance, the counting means that does not count the number of deviations, a preset first threshold value and a second threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value, and the counting means counts Comparing means for comparing the number of the deviations, and setting means for setting the predetermined tempo at the next practice according to the comparison result of the comparing means, the setting means is configured to set the predetermined at the next practice. Tempo , So as not to change as it is when the number of deviations is between the first threshold value and the second threshold value, so that the number of deviations is later than this time when the number is larger than the first threshold value. When the number of deviations is equal to or smaller than a second threshold, the shift is set to be earlier than this time.

  Here, when setting the predetermined tempo to be slower than the current time, the setting means preferably sets the predetermined tempo to be slower by a predetermined rate than the current tempo.

  The setting means may set the predetermined tempo from the current tempo to the sample performance when the current tempo is slower than the standard tempo of the sample performance and the predetermined tempo is set to be earlier than the current tempo. It is also preferable to set it so that it gradually approaches the standard tempo.

  In the present invention, the number of deviations between the sample performance and the actual performance is counted, and this number is compared with a first threshold value set in advance and a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value. In addition, since the tempo of the sample performance during the next practice is set to be slow, not changed, or set early, it becomes possible to practice at a tempo according to the proficiency level of the performer, and improvement of the practice effect can be expected.

  In addition, if the deviation between the sample performance and the actual performance is a timing deviation and the deviation is a predetermined deviation or more, it is unnecessary to prevent the performer from counting as having no intention to match the sample performance. Tempo changes can be eliminated.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the electronic musical instrument to which this invention was applied. It is a flowchart which shows the actual performance condition determination process in the practice function in this invention. It is a figure which shows the specific example of the timing comparison of a sample performance with an actual performance. It is a conceptual diagram of the tempo change of a sample performance. It is a figure which shows the example which preserve | saves a tempo coefficient as a table for every sample music and a player. It is a flowchart which shows the actual performance condition determination process in the practice function in the conventional electronic musical instrument.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied. Although FIG. 1 shows the form of an electronic keyboard instrument, the electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied is not limited to an electronic keyboard instrument. In FIG. 1, the CPU 1 controls the entire electronic keyboard instrument. The ROM 2 stores programs and performance data, and the RAM 3 is used as a work area and a buffer for processing by the CPU 1. The CPU 1, ROM 2 and RAM 3 are connected to each other by a data bus 4.

  A panel 6 and a pedal 7 are connected to the data bus 4 via a panel interface (I / F) 5, and a keyboard 9 is connected via a keyboard I / F 8. The panel 6 includes buttons, wheel operators, operators such as a jog ball, and an LCD (display). The operation mode and tempo can be set by operating the panel 6. The performance practice mode can also be set by turning on / off a separately provided switch.

  In the performance practice mode, when the performer selects a sample music by panel operation and instructs to start practice, the CPU 1 reads performance data of the sample music from the ROM 2 and outputs the musical tone parameters to the tone generator circuit 10.

  When the performer performs with the keyboard 9, performance operation information generated thereby is input to the CPU 1 via the keyboard I / F 8 and the data bus 5. The CPU 1 generates a note-on event or a note-off event according to the performance operation information, and outputs the musical tone parameter to the tone generator circuit 10.

  The tone generator circuit 10 creates sound generation digital signals based on musical tone parameters sent from the CPU 1 via the data bus 5. These sound generation digital signals are transferred to the audio circuit 11 and converted into analog signals, and then are output to the outside from the speaker 12.

  The MIDI information communication means 13 inputs / outputs MIDI signals to / from an external MIDI device, and through this, performance data can be taken in from outside and sent out to the outside.

  When the performance practice mode is set by the operation on the panel 6, the CPU 1 reads the performance data of the sample tune from the ROM 2, and causes the speaker 12 to generate sound based on the performance data. That is, the sample performance is reproduced. The tempo of the sample performance can be set in advance by panel operation, but if there is no panel operation, the recommended tempo for each song is set. This recommended tempo is included in advance in the performance data. In the performance practice mode, as will be described later, the tempo is changed according to the actual performance situation whenever practice is repeated.

  The ROM 2 stores performance data of a plurality of sample songs according to the difficulty level and the like, and the performer can select the sample songs by panel operation. When the performer performs an actual performance on the keyboard 9 in accordance with the sample performance, the speaker 12 also produces sound based on performance operation information generated in accordance with the actual performance.

  The CPU 1 compares the performance data of the sample music and the performance operation information by the actual performance to calculate the difference between the sample performance and the actual performance, and when the performance of one time (one song) is finished, based on the calculated deviation. The actual performance situation is determined, and the determination result is displayed on the panel 6. When the end of the lesson is instructed in the middle of the song, the determination of the actual performance status is made based on the difference between the sample performance so far and the actual performance.

  The sample performance is automatically repeated until the end of the lesson is instructed by panel operation, and the performer can practice repeatedly. In this repeated practice, the tempo of the sample performance is changed according to the determined actual performance situation.

  The tempo of the sample performance is changed when the actual performance situation is judged to be bad, for example, the recommended tempo is gradually slowed by a certain rate for each practice, and when the actual performance situation is judged good, The original recommended tempo or the tempo that is faster than the recommended tempo is gradually restored.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing actual performance status determination processing (actual performance status determination and tempo change processing) in the practice function according to the present invention. Here, first, the musical score pronunciation information that should be pronounced is acquired from the performance data of the sample performance stored in advance (S21), and pronunciation (sample performance) is performed using the acquired musical score pronunciation information. Also, performance operation information (key press information) is acquired by the player's actual performance performed in time with the sample performance (S22).

  Next, the difference between the musical score pronunciation information acquired in S21 and the performance operation information acquired in S22 is calculated and stored as difference information (S23). Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the song is over (S24). If it is determined in S24 that the song is not finished, the process returns to S21, and the processing from S21 to S23 is repeated until the song is finished. If it is determined in S24 that the song has ended, the process proceeds to S25.

  In S25, the actual performance status is determined based on the difference information accumulated so far, and the determination result is displayed on the panel to notify the player. In S25, for example, if the difference information accumulated in S23 is accumulated and a determination is made based on this accumulation, the determination result represents the actual performance situation of the degree of deviation between the sample performance and the actual performance in the entire song. Become.

  The above process is repeated until the performer instructs the end of the lesson by operating the panel.In the present invention, the actual performance situation is determined in S25 so that effective practice can be performed, and Accordingly, the tempo of the sample performance in repeated practice is changed.

  Therefore, after instructing the tempo change of the sample performance according to the judgment result of the actual performance situation (S25), it is determined whether or not the lesson end is instructed by the panel operation (S26). Returning to step S21 to S25, the process is repeated. If the lesson end is instructed, the process ends.

  Next, calculation of the difference between the sample performance and the actual performance, determination of the actual performance status, and change of the tempo of the sample performance will be described.

  In calculating the deviation between the sample performance and the actual performance, the number of deviations between the sample performance and the actual performance is obtained within one performance (one song). The deviation between the sample performance and the actual performance includes a difference in key pressing timing, a difference in key to be pressed, forgetting to press the key, and extra key pressing.

  In determining the actual performance situation, a first threshold value and a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value are set in advance, and the number of deviations within one performance (one song) is between the first threshold value and the second threshold value. Whether it is above the first threshold or below the second threshold. When the number of deviations in one performance (one song) is between the first threshold value and the second threshold value, it is determined that the current tempo matches the skill level of the performer, and the first If it is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined that the current tempo is too early to match the player's proficiency level. If it is equal to or less than the second threshold value, the player is sufficiently proficient at the current tempo. It is determined that

  In the tempo change of the sample performance, the tempo of the sample performance is not changed when it is determined that the current tempo matches the skill level of the performer. Also, if it is determined that the current tempo is too fast to match the proficiency level of the performer, the tempo of the sample performance is reduced by a certain percentage, for example, 10% of the recommended standard tempo. If it is determined that the performer is sufficiently proficient at the current tempo, the tempo of the sample performance is gradually returned to the standard tempo. The tempo may be gradually returned toward a tempo that is faster than the standard tempo.

  As described above, the maximum tempo that can be changed is limited to the standard tempo value or a tempo value that is faster by a certain percentage, but in addition, the minimum tempo that can be changed is limited. It may be provided.

The difference between the sample performance and the actual performance can be determined based on, for example, one or more determination criteria of (1) to (3) below.
(1) Comparing the timing of the sample performance and the actual performance, depending on whether there is an actual performance within or outside the range of the difference between the sample performance and a certain number of steps, for example, (1-1), (1-2) Judge as follows.
(1-1) If there is an actual performance within the range of a certain number of steps, it is determined that there is no performance deviation.
(1-2) If there is an actual performance outside the range of the difference in the number of steps, it is determined that there is a performance deviation (mistouch) at that timing.
(1-3) If there is no actual performance within the range of the difference in the number of steps, it is determined that there is a performance deviation (forgotten performance) at that timing, or is excluded from the determination target.
(2) The pitches of the sample performance and the actual performance within a certain number of steps are compared, and the following (2-1) to (2-3) are determined depending on whether the pitch is correct.
(2-1) If the pitch is correct, it is determined that there is no performance gap.
(2-2) If the pitch does not match, it is determined that there is a performance gap (mistouch).
(2-3) When multiple sounds with different pitches are mixed within a certain number of steps of the actual performance, if there is a sound with the correct pitch, it is judged that there is no performance shift, and other sounds are subject to judgment It is judged that there was a performance deviation (mistouch). However, if the sample performance is a chord, the above determination is made for all the sounds constituting the chord.
(3) Comparing the timings of the sample performance and the actual performance, if the step deviation is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the performer is not subject to the performance deviation judgment as having no intention to match the sample performance. The threshold value in this case is for determining a step shift so that the performer is apparently not willing to match the sample performance.

  FIG. 3 shows a specific example of timing comparison between a sample performance and an actual performance. In FIG. 3, the timing of the first sound (a), the second sound (b), and the third sound (c) of the actual performance is the first sound (A), the second sound (B), and the third sound of the sample performance. When the sound (C) is deviated by t1, t2, and t3, respectively, and these are within the range of the difference of the predetermined number of steps t (t1, t2, t3 ≦ t), the above judgment (1-1) According to the standard, it is determined that there was no performance deviation.

  In addition, if the fourth sound (d) shifted by t4 (t4> t) with respect to the third sound (C) of the sample performance is additionally performed following the third sound (c) of the actual performance, According to the criterion (1-2) above, it is determined that there is a performance shift (mistouch) at that timing.

  Further, when the fourth sound (d) is played instead of the third sound (c) of the actual performance, it is determined that there has been a performance deviation (mistouch) according to the criterion (1-2). In this case, since there was no actual performance within the range of the difference in the number of steps, according to the judgment criteria of (1-3) above, this is also a performance deviation (forgotten performance) at that timing. It is judged that there was, or is excluded from the object of judgment.

  The criteria for judging the difference between the sample performance and the actual performance may be changed according to whether the performer is a beginner or the performance piece, or the proficiency level of the performer may be determined based on the determination result and changed according to the proficiency level. . For example, for beginners, only the timing shift is used as a criterion, or when it is determined that the player's proficiency level is low, the criteria are relatively relaxed, and when it is determined that the proficiency level is high The criteria can be tightened.

  The tempo of the sample performance is preferably changed by multiplying the tempo value included in the performance data of the sample performance by a coefficient (tempo coefficient) so that the performance data itself is not directly changed.

  FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of changing the tempo of the sample performance. The performance data of the sample performance includes a tempo value (TEMPO) for setting the tempo in the subsequent performance section. As shown in FIG. 5A, the tempo change is performed by using a value obtained by multiplying the tempo value included in the performance data by a tempo coefficient such as 1.1, 1.0, 0.9,. Set as a value.

  Various forms of changing the tempo value of the sample performance with respect to the actual performance situation determined based on the deviation of the actual performance can be considered. The solid line in FIG. 5B is an example in which the tempo value change of the sample performance is increased or decreased at the same rate with respect to the actual performance situation, and the broken line indicates the tempo value change near the upper and lower tempo values for the actual performance situation. This is an example in which the ratio is reduced.

  When the sample song is changed, the tempo calculated based on the number of tunes and tempo of each measure of the song and the tempo coefficient in the practice before the song change may be set for the new song. it can. Thereby, the tempo value in consideration of the difficulty level of the music and the skill level of the performer can be set for the new music. For example, if the number of notes per measure of a song is greater than that of the previous sample song, the new sample song's standard tempo value is multiplied by a tempo coefficient that is a fixed value smaller than the tempo coefficient in the practice before the change. .

  Although the embodiments have been described above, the present invention can be variously modified. For example, the sample performance may not be performed by actually generating a musical tone, but may be a key press instruction by an LED disposed on the keyboard 9 by displaying a score and the progress of the performance on the panel 6. . The sample performance of the present invention includes such a thing.

  In addition, various criteria for determining the difference between the sample performance and the actual performance can be stored in the apparatus in advance, and the performer can select and set them appropriately. In addition, velocity and the like can be included in the determination standard.

  Also, even if the power is turned off, the tempo coefficient can be saved, and the practice can be started at the tempo according to the proficiency level using the tempo coefficient saved at the next exercise. it can.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which tempo coefficients are stored as a table for each sample music piece and performer. By using such a table, the performer can input his / her user ID and the like prior to practice, and read and set his / her tempo coefficient according to the level of proficiency in practice so far. For example, when the user B selects the sample song (2) by the panel operation in the performance practice mode, the tempo coefficient 0.8 is automatically set by the practice of the sample song (2). The values in this table are updated according to the proficiency level.

  Further, the minimum tempo that can be changed, the maximum tempo, and the degree of tempo change can be arbitrarily set in advance by the performer.

1 ... CPU, 2 ... ROM, 3 ... RAM, 4 ... Data bus, 5 ... Panel I / F, 6 ... Panel, 7 ... Pedal, 8 ... Keyboard I / F, 9 ... Keyboard, 10 ... Sound source circuit, 11 ... Audio circuit, 12 ... Speaker, 13 ... MIDI information communication means

Claims (3)

An electronic musical instrument with a practice function that allows a performer to repeatedly perform an actual performance at a predetermined tempo in accordance with a sample performance,
The number of deviations between the sample performance and the actual performance is counted , but the timing difference between the sample performance and the actual performance is compared, and the timing difference between the two is greater than the predetermined threshold that the performer is not willing to match with the sample performance. If it is determined that the player is not willing to match the sample performance, the counting means not counting the number of deviations,
A comparing means for comparing a first threshold value set in advance and a second threshold value smaller than the first threshold value with the number of deviations counted by the counting means;
Setting means for setting the predetermined tempo at the time of next practice according to the comparison result of the comparing means;
The setting means sets the number of deviations to a first threshold value and a second threshold value so that the predetermined tempo at the next practice is slower than the current time when the number of deviations is equal to or greater than a first threshold value. The electronic musical instrument is set to be earlier than the current time when the number of deviations is equal to or smaller than a second threshold value so that the current time is not changed as it is.   The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein when the predetermined tempo is set to be slower than the current time, the setting means sets the predetermined tempo to be slower than the current tempo by a predetermined rate.   The setting means sets the predetermined tempo from the current tempo to the standard for the sample performance when the predetermined tempo is set to be faster than the current tempo when the current tempo is slower than the standard tempo for the sample performance. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the electronic musical instrument is set so as to gradually approach a tempo.

Images