JP2010117419A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To allow even a player having no knowledge about a chord and a rhythm to play suitable automatic accompaniment music. <P>SOLUTION: An automatic accompaniment music data including sounding timing of a musical tone to be sounded is stored in a ROM 22. A CPU 21 calculates time difference between operation timing of a keyboard 11 and the reference timing stored in the ROM 22, and controls the sounding timing of the musical tone in the automatic accompaniment music, which is set for the automatic accompaniment data beforehand, based on the calculated time difference. A sound source section 26 generates a musical tone data of the musical tone of an automatic accompaniment pattern in which the sounding timing is controlled, according to instruction of the CPU 21. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument capable of playing an automatic accompaniment pattern.

  In electronic musical instruments, a so-called “automatic accompaniment” function is well known. In automatic accompaniment, generally, a musical sound corresponding to a constituent sound of a chord designated by a user's key operation is generated according to an accompaniment sequence indicated by an automatic accompaniment pattern. The automatic accompaniment pattern may also include a melody sound composed of a single or a plurality of musical sounds, an obligato sound constituting a counter-melody of the melody sound, and a rhythm sound.

  By using the automatic accompaniment function, even a single player can perform a wide variety of musical sounds including chord sounds and rhythm sounds. On the other hand, performers without knowledge of chords have a problem that this function cannot be used effectively.

  In order to simplify the chord designation by the performer, for example, in Patent Document 1, each time the number of key presses exceeds a reference value, a plurality of automatic accompaniment patterns are sequentially switched and read out in a predetermined order. Electronic musical instruments that change according to the number of key presses have been proposed.

Patent Document 2 proposes an electronic musical instrument that converts a player's key press into a chord constituent sound and plays an automatic accompaniment including the chord constituent sound. In this electronic musical instrument, the musical scale data is used to automate the scale specification, and even if the performer has no knowledge of chords, it is possible to perform automatic accompaniment with added expressions. Become.
JP-A-4-242297 JP 2004-177893 A

  For example, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, since a plurality of chord patterns are switched, there is a possibility that changes in performance form become uniform.

  Also, with the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, there is a possibility that an appropriate automatic accompaniment cannot be performed if the key pressing timing and the number of key presses are not appropriately given. That is, the performer does not need knowledge of chords, but requires a certain sense and knowledge about rhythm.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that can perform an appropriate automatic accompaniment even for a player who has no knowledge of chords and rhythms.

An object of the present invention is a storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data including a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern and a sound generation timing of a musical sound to be generated;
A musical sound data generating means for generating musical sound data of a predetermined musical sound based on an operation of a performance operator;
Control means for calculating a time difference between an operation timing of the performance operator and a reference timing preset for the automatic accompaniment data, and controlling the sound generation timing of the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data based on the time difference With
When the operation timing is earlier than the reference timing, the control means advances the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern based on the time difference, and when the operation timing is later than the reference timing, On the basis of the sounding timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern,
The musical tone data generating means generates musical tone data of a musical sound of an automatic accompaniment pattern whose sounding timing is controlled by the control means.

In a preferred embodiment, the control means determines whether or not the operation timing of the arithmetic operator is an evaluation target period within a predetermined range from the reference timing, and the operation in the evaluation target period is performed. At some point, the time difference between the operation timing and the reference timing is calculated,
When the operation timing is earlier than the reference timing, the sounding timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern is advanced by the time difference, and when the operation timing is later than the reference timing, the automatic difference is generated by the time difference. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sounding timing of the accompaniment pattern is delayed.

In a preferred embodiment, the reference timing corresponds to the beginning of a beat in the automatic accompaniment pattern,
The control means calculates a time difference between the operation timing and the reference timing for each beat in the automatic accompaniment pattern.

  In another preferred embodiment, the control means stops generating the musical tone based on the automatic accompaniment pattern when the performance operator is not operated for a certain period at a predetermined timing.

  In a more preferred embodiment, the control means is based on the automatic accompaniment pattern when the performance operator has not been operated for a time corresponding to one beat before the beginning of the beat in the automatic accompaniment pattern. Stop generating music.

Further, in a preferred embodiment, the automatic accompaniment pattern includes a tone length of the musical sound to be pronounced,
Based on the difference between the period during which the performance operator is operated and the reference operation period set in advance for the automatic accompaniment data and stored in the storage means, the control means is configured to change the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data. Control the sound length.

  In a more preferred embodiment, the control means calculates a ratio between a period during which the performance operator is operated and the reference operation period, and based on the calculated ratio, a musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data is calculated. Control the sound length.

In still another preferred embodiment, the performance operator is a keyboard,
The automatic accompaniment pattern includes information for specifying a chord constituent sound,
The control means judges the type of the white key / black key of the operated key, and adds a complex sound by triad from the information specifying the chord constituent sound as the number of black keys increases Select a chord component sound.

An object of the present invention is a storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data including a sound generation timing and a sound length of a musical sound to be generated in a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern,
An electronic musical instrument comprising: musical tone data generating means for generating musical tone data of a predetermined musical tone based on an operation of a performance operator,
Based on the difference between the period in which the performance operator is operated and the reference operation period preset for the automatic accompaniment data and stored in the storage means, the tone length of the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data is controlled. With control means,
The musical sound data generating means generates musical sound data of a musical sound of an automatic accompaniment pattern whose sound length is controlled by the control means at the sound generation timing.

Furthermore, an object of the present invention is a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern, and storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data including a sound generation timing of a musical sound to be generated;
An electronic musical instrument comprising: musical tone data generating means for generating musical tone data of a predetermined musical tone based on a keyboard operation;
The type of white key / black key of the operated key is judged, and as the number of black keys increases, a chord constituent sound to which a complex sound is added by a triad is added from the information specifying the chord constituent sound. Control means to select,
The musical tone data generating means generates musical tone data of musical sounds based on the chord constituent sound selected by the control means at the sound generation timing.

Further, an object of the present invention is a computer having a storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data including a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern and a sound generation timing of a musical sound to be generated.
A musical sound data generation step for generating musical sound data of a predetermined musical sound based on the operation of the performance operator;
A time difference between the operation timing of the performance operator and the reference timing preset for the automatic accompaniment data and stored in the storage means is calculated, and the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data is calculated based on the time difference. A control step for controlling the sound generation timing,
When the control timing is earlier than the reference timing, the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern is advanced based on the time difference, and when the operation timing is later than the reference timing, the time difference is set to the time difference. Based on the step of delaying the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern,
The musical sound data generating step is achieved by a program for an electronic musical instrument characterized in that musical sound data of a musical sound of an automatic accompaniment pattern whose sound generation timing is controlled in the control step is generated.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electronic musical instrument that can perform an appropriate automatic accompaniment even for a player who has no knowledge about chords and rhythms.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an external appearance of an electronic musical instrument according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment has a keyboard 11. In addition, on the upper part of the keyboard 11, switches (see reference numerals 12 and 13) for designating a tone color, starting and ending automatic accompaniment, designating a rhythm pattern, etc., and various information relating to the music to be played, for example, It has a display unit 15 for displaying timbre, rhythm pattern, chord name, and the like. The electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment has, for example, 61 keys (C2 to C7). In addition, the electronic musical instrument 10 can perform under one of two performance modes: an automatic accompaniment mode for turning on automatic accompaniment and a normal mode for turning off automatic accompaniment. Under the automatic accompaniment mode, 18 keys from C2 to F3 (see reference numeral 101) are used as accompaniment keys, and 43 keys from F # 4 to C7 (see reference numeral 102) are used as melody keys. . The key range indicated by reference numeral 101 is also referred to as an accompaniment key range, and the key range indicated by reference numeral 102 is also referred to as a melody key range.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment includes a CPU 21, a ROM 22, a RAM 23, a sound system 24, a switch group 25, a keyboard 11, and a display unit 15.

  The CPU 21 follows the control of the electronic musical instrument 10 as a whole, the detection of key depression of the keyboard 11 and the operation of the switches (for example, reference numerals 12 and 13 in FIG. 1), and the operation of the keys and switches. Various processes such as control of the sound system 24 and performance of automatic accompaniment according to the automatic accompaniment pattern are executed.

  The ROM 22 stores various processes to be executed by the CPU 21, such as switch operation, key depression of any key on the keyboard, tone generation according to the key press, and tone generation data of the tone constituting the automatic accompaniment pattern. Remember. The ROM 22 stores a waveform data area for storing waveform data for generating musical sounds such as piano, guitar, bass drum, snare drum, and cymbal, and data (automatic accompaniment data) indicating various automatic accompaniment patterns. Automatic accompaniment pattern area. The RAM 23 stores a program read from the ROM 22 and data generated in the course of processing. In the present embodiment, the automatic accompaniment pattern has a melody automatic accompaniment pattern including a melody sound and obligato sound, a chord automatic accompaniment pattern including a chord sound, and a rhythm pattern including a drum sound. For example, the data record of the melody automatic accompaniment pattern includes the tone color, pitch, tone generation timing (sound generation time), tone length, and the like of the musical tone. The record of the chord automatic accompaniment pattern data includes data indicating chord constituent sounds in addition to the above information. The rhythm pattern data includes the tone color of the musical tone and the sounding timing.

  The sound system 24 includes a sound source unit 26, an audio circuit 27, and a speaker 28. For example, when the sound source unit 26 receives information about the depressed key or information about the automatic accompaniment pattern from the CPU 21, the sound source unit 26 reads predetermined waveform data from the waveform data area of the ROM 22, and generates musical tone data of a predetermined pitch. Generate and output. The sound source unit 26 can also output waveform data, particularly waveform data of percussion instrument sounds such as a snare drum, bass drum, and cymbal, as musical sound data. The audio circuit 27 D / A converts and amplifies the musical sound data. Thereby, an acoustic signal is output from the speaker 28.

  The electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment generates a musical tone based on the key depression of the keyboard 11 under the normal mode. On the other hand, the electronic musical instrument 10 enters an automatic accompaniment mode when an automatic accompaniment switch (not shown) is operated. Under the automatic accompaniment mode, pressing a key in the melody key range generates a musical tone with the pitch of that key. In addition, the automatic accompaniment pattern is controlled in accordance with the depression of the key in the accompaniment key range, and a musical tone is generated according to the controlled automatic accompaniment pattern. The automatic accompaniment pattern includes an automatic melody accompaniment pattern that accompanies a change in pitch, such as piano and guitar, an automatic chord accompaniment pattern, and a rhythm pattern that does not accompany changes in pitch, such as bass drum, snare drum, and cymbal.

  In the present embodiment, the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern, particularly the chord automatic accompaniment pattern, is controlled according to the key pressing timing of the key in the accompaniment key range. When there is no key depression in the accompaniment key range, the melody automatic accompaniment pattern and chord automatic accompaniment pattern sounding is stopped and only the rhythm pattern is sounded.

  FIG. 3 is a timing chart schematically showing the relationship between the key depression of the accompaniment key range according to the present embodiment and the control of the automatic accompaniment pattern, and FIG. 4 is an example of chord accompaniment data in the data of the automatic accompaniment pattern. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a musical score corresponding to the automatic accompaniment pattern of FIG.

  In FIG. 3, reference numeral 300 indicates an assumed operation. When the performer performs key pressing and key release at the same sound timing as the assumed operation 300, an automatic chord accompaniment pattern is generated at the same timing as the chord accompaniment data initial value (see reference numeral 320). That is, the assumed operation is assumed to be an operation when the performer performs the same chord accompaniment pattern as the chord accompaniment data initial value. Further, the key pressing time (see reference numeral 351) in this assumed operation is used as the assumed sound length value in the process of FIG. 15 described later.

  In FIG. 3, the chord automatic accompaniment data initial value is exemplarily represented as a pulse obtained by dividing one beat into two. When the musical piece is considered to be a 4/4 time signature, the rise and fall of the pulse in the chord automatic accompaniment data initial value respectively indicate the start position of the sixteenth note.

  It is considered that the actual operation by the performer is as shown by reference numeral 310. For example, the key press timing (reference numeral 311) of the performer at the first beat is earlier than the assumed operation. In this case, the CPU 21 according to the present embodiment executes a process for advancing the read time of the automatic chord accompaniment data (see reference numeral 310). Therefore, the controlled chord accompaniment data has a sounding timing earlier than the initial chord accompaniment data initial value (see reference numeral 331).

  On the other hand, the key press timing (see reference numeral 312) of the second beat player is later than the assumed operation. In this case, the CPU 21 executes a process for delaying the read time of the chord accompaniment data (see reference numeral 322). Therefore, the controlled chord accompaniment data has a sounding timing earlier than the initial chord accompaniment data initial value (see reference numeral 332). Even when the actual key pressing timing by the performer changes, the drum pattern (see reference numeral 340) and the automatic melody accompaniment pattern (not shown in FIG. 3) do not change.

  Further, in the present embodiment, when the user does not press the key in the accompaniment key range for a predetermined period (see reference numeral 313), the automatic accompaniment pattern is sounded, more specifically, the melody automatic accompaniment pattern and chord The sound generation of the automatic accompaniment pattern is stopped and only the rhythm pattern is sounded (see reference numerals 323 and 333).

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, not only whether the key pressing timing is earlier or later than the key pressing timing in the relative operation, but also depending on whether the time length during which the key is pressed is longer or shorter than the time length in the assumed operation. Also, the chord sound automatic accompaniment data can be controlled. For example, the key press time length (see reference numeral 314) of the player at the 5th beat (the 2nd measure 1st beat) is shorter than the key press time length in the assumed operation. In this case, the CPU 21 executes a process for shortening the tone length of the tone to be generated in the automatic chord accompaniment data (see reference numeral 324). Therefore, in the controlled chord accompaniment data, the tone length is shorter than the tone length of the musical tone included in the chord auto accompaniment data initial value (see symbol 334).

  In addition, the time length of the key press by the performer at the sixth beat (second beat of the second measure) is longer than the time length in the assumed operation. In this case, the CPU 21 executes a process for increasing the tone length of the generated musical tone in the automatic chord accompaniment data (see reference numeral 325). Therefore, in the controlled chord accompaniment data, the tone length is longer than the tone length of the musical tone included in the chord auto accompaniment data initial value (see symbol 335).

  In the above example, the so-called “previous” performance can be realized by advancing the sound generation timing of the automatic chord accompaniment data (see reference numeral 331), or the sound generation timing of the automatic chord accompaniment data is delayed (see reference numeral 332). Thus, a so-called “rear” performance can be realized. Further, by shortening the tone length of the musical sound constituting the automatic chord accompaniment data (see symbol 334), a so-called “tight” performance can be realized, or by increasing the tone length of the musical tone (see symbol 335). So-called “sloppy” performance can be realized.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the chord automatic accompaniment data includes a bass sound, a first chord constituent sound (root sound), a second chord constituent sound (third sound), and a third chord constituent. Sounds (fifth sound), fourth chord constituent sounds (seventh sound, tension notes, etc.). Actually, the accompaniment data includes a sound generation start time and a sound length in addition to the above bass sound and chord constituent sound. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the first and second beats become musical sounds based on the chord name “C7”, and the third and fourth beats become musical sounds based on the chord name “F7”. The beats (the first and second beats of the second measure) are musical tones based on the chord name “G7”, and the seventh and eighth beats (the third and fourth beats of the second measure) are chord names “ The musical tone is based on “C6”.

  In the example of FIG. 4, in the first beat and the second beat, first, the length of 1.5 beats (a quarter note in 4/4 time) is followed by 0.5 beats (4/4). A chord component sound is generated with a note length of 8 notes (time signature), and four bass sounds are sequentially generated with a sound length of 0.5 beats (8/4 notes for 4/4 beats). The same applies to the third and fourth beats and the fifth and sixth beats. The musical score shown in FIG. 5 represents the automatic chord accompaniment data shown in FIG. 4 on a 5-line score.

  Hereinafter, processing executed in the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment including control of automatic chord accompaniment data will be described in more detail. FIG. 6A is a flowchart illustrating an example of a main flow executed in the electronic musical instrument according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of timer interrupt processing according to the present embodiment.

  In the timer interrupt processing, when the main flow shown in FIG. 6A is being executed, the counter value of the interrupt counter is incremented at a predetermined time interval (step 611).

  As shown in FIG. 6A, when the electronic musical instrument 10 is turned on, the CPU 21 of the electronic musical instrument 10 performs initial processing (initialization processing) including clearing and clearing of data in the RAM 23 and an image on the display unit 15. ) Is executed (step 601). When the initial process (step 601) ends, the CPU 21 detects each operation of the switches constituting the switch group 25, and executes a switch process that executes a process according to the detected operation (step 602).

  For example, in the switch process (step 602), various switch operations such as a tone color designation switch, an automatic accompaniment pattern type designation switch, and an automatic accompaniment pattern on / off designation switch are detected. When the automatic accompaniment pattern is turned on, the CPU 21 switches the performance mode to the accompaniment mode. Data indicating the performance mode is specified in a predetermined area of the RAM 23. Similarly, data indicating the type of timbre and automatic accompaniment pattern is also stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 23.

  Next, the CPU 21 executes keyboard processing (step 603). FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing in more detail an example of keyboard processing according to the present embodiment. In the keyboard process, the CPU 21 scans the keys on the keyboard 11. An event (key on or off) as a key scanning result is temporarily stored in the RAM 23. The CPU 21 refers to the key scanning result stored in the RAM 23 to determine whether or not there is an event for a certain key (step 702). If it is determined Yes in step 702, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the key in which the event has occurred is a melody key range key (melody key) (step 703). When it is determined Yes in step 703, the CPU 21 executes melody key processing (step 704).

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing in more detail an example of melody key processing according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the event is key-on (step 801). If it is determined Yes in step 801, the CPU 21 executes a sound generation process for the key that has been turned on (step 802). In the sound generation process, the CPU 21 reads out the tone color data for the melody key and the data indicating the pitch of the key stored in the RAM 23 and temporarily stores them in the RAM 23. In a sound source sound generation process (step 605 in FIG. 6), which will be described later, data indicating tone color and pitch is given to the sound source unit 26. The sound source unit 26 reads the waveform data in the ROM 22 according to the data indicating the timbre and pitch, and generates musical tone data of a predetermined pitch. Thereby, a predetermined musical sound is generated from the speaker 28.

  If it is determined No in step 801, the event is a key-off. Therefore, the CPU 21 executes a mute process for the key that has been turned off (step 803). In the silencing process, the CPU 21 generates data indicating the pitch of the musical sound to be muted and temporarily stores it in the RAM 23. Also in this case, in the sound source sound generation process (step 605) described later, data indicating the tone color and pitch of the musical sound to be muted is given to the sound source unit 26. The sound source unit 26 mutes a predetermined musical sound based on the given data.

  When it is determined No in step 703, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the automatic accompaniment pattern is being played (step 705). For example, in step 705, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the automatic accompaniment pattern is on and the performance mode is the accompaniment mode. When it is determined No in step 705, the CPU 21 executes a melody key process (step 704).

  On the other hand, if it is determined Yes in step 705, that is, if the automatic accompaniment pattern is being played, the CPU 21 executes accompaniment key processing (step 706). FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the accompaniment key process according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, in the accompaniment key process, the CPU 21 first determines whether or not the event is key-on (step 901). If it is determined Yes in step 901, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the key pressing timing is within the evaluation target range (step 902). The evaluation target range is a predetermined time range obtained by adding a predetermined time before and after the key pressing time in the assumed operation. In FIG. 3, the key pressing time for the first beat is indicated by reference numeral 351 in the assumed operation. A time range (see reference numeral 350) obtained by adding a predetermined time before and after the key pressing time 351 is the evaluation target range.

  If it is determined Yes in step 902, the CPU 21 starts a timer and starts sound length counting (step 903). In the present embodiment, a plurality of key presses can be considered, but it is determined that the first key press in the evaluation target range is determined to be Yes in step 902. Next, the CPU 21 calculates a deviation between the key pressing time in the assumed operation and the actual key pressing time, and temporarily stores it in the RAM 23 as a timing evaluation value (step 904). For example, consider the key-on at the first beat in FIG. The key pressing time in the assumed operation is a rise time in the key pressing time indicated by reference numeral 351. Therefore, “(rise time) − (actual key pressing time)” may be calculated. This timing evaluation value is used for controlling the tone generation timing of a musical tone when performing an automatic chord accompaniment pattern described later.

  Thereafter, the CPU 21 increments the key pressing number count value indicating the number of keys pressed, which is temporarily stored in the RAM 23 (step 905). The key press count value is used to determine the chord type when performing a chord automatic accompaniment pattern performance to be described later. Even when it is determined No in step 902, the increment of the key press count value in step 905 is executed.

  Next, the CPU 21 refers to the key pressing number count value and determines whether or not the key pressing number is 4 or more (step 906). In the present embodiment, since the maximum number of key presses is 4 to determine the chord type in the automatic chord accompaniment pattern, the CPU 21 is pressed at a stage where the key press is 4 or more (Yes in step 906). The white key / black key ratio evaluation value indicating the ratio of the white key to the black key is calculated with reference to the pitches of the respective keys (step 907). The white key / black key ratio evaluation value may be, for example, “number of black keys pressed / number of white keys pressed” or “number of black keys pressed / (black key + white key) pressed”. It may be “the number of keys”. The calculated white key / black key ratio evaluation value is temporarily stored in the RAM 23.

  As described above, the timer is started by turning on the key in the accompaniment key range, and the timing evaluation value, the key press count value, and the white key / black key ratio table value are obtained and temporarily stored in the RAM 23.

  If it is determined No in step 901, that is, if it is determined that the key is off (key release), the CPU 21 determines whether the key release timing of the key is within the evaluation target range (step 908). ). The evaluation target range is the same as that in step 902 described above. When it is determined Yes in step 908, the CPU 21 stops the timer and ends the sound length count (step 909). The CPU 21 temporarily stores the timer value in the RAM 23 as the operation sound length value.

  Next, the CPU 21 decrements the key press count value temporarily stored in the RAM 23 (step 910). Further, the CPU 21 refers to the key pressing number count value and determines whether or not the key pressing number is 4 or more (step 911). If it is determined Yes in step 911, the CPU 21 refers to the pitch of each pressed key and calculates a white key / black key ratio evaluation value indicating the ratio between the white key and the black key. (Step 912).

  When the keyboard process (step 603 in FIG. 6) ends, the CPU 21 executes a song accompaniment process (step 604). FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of song accompaniment processing according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the automatic accompaniment pattern is being played (step 1001). If it is determined YES in step 1001, the CPU 21 generates musical sounds (melody sound, obligato sound, chord sound (accompaniment sound by chord), rhythm sound) in the automatic accompaniment pattern. As described above, the automatic accompaniment data generally includes data of four types of musical sounds, that is, melody sounds, obligato sounds, chord sounds, and rhythm sounds. The melody sound and obligato sound constitute an automatic melody accompaniment pattern, and the chord sound constitutes an automatic chord accompaniment pattern. Also, a rhythm pattern is constituted by the rhythm sound.

  For the generation of this musical tone, a reference time process (step 1010) in which a process for managing the elapsed time of the automatic accompaniment pattern is executed with reference to the following four processes, that is, the interrupt counter value. , An accompaniment time process (step 1011) in which a process for managing the elapsed time (accompaniment elapsed time) for the chord sound is executed, and an event process by a reference elapsed time for generating a musical sound based on the reference time generated in step 1010 ( Step 1012) and event processing (Step 1013) by accompaniment elapsed time for generating a musical tone based on the accompaniment elapsed time generated in Step 1011 are included.

  In the reference time process (step 1010), the CPU 21 executes a reference time count process (step 1002) and a beat start process (step 1003).

  FIG. 11A is a flowchart showing an example of the reference time counting process according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 11B is a flowchart showing an example of the beat start process. In the reference time counting process, the CPU 21 acquires the counter value of the interrupt counter (step 1101). Next, the CPU 21 updates the reference elapsed time by adding the acquired counter value to the accompaniment elapsed time previously stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 23 (step 1102). The updated reference elapsed time is stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 23.

  Next, the CPU 21 has a beat count value stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 23, and the beat count value is a value indicating a temporal position during one beat. The acquired counter value is added to update the in-beat count value (step 1103). The updated in-beat count value is also stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 23. Thereafter, the CPU 21 clears the counter value of the interrupt counter for use in the next reference time counting process (step 1104).

  Further, in the beat start process, the CPU 21 refers to the in-beat count value and determines whether or not the processing time corresponds to the start of the beat (step 1111). If it is determined Yes in step 1111, the CPU 21 determines whether or not there is no key depression for the past one beat or more (step 1112). When it is determined Yes in step 1112, the CPU 21 executes chord sound stop processing (step 1113). In the chord sound stop process (step 1113), the CPU 21 stops the sound generation of the melody sound, obligato sound and chord sound for a predetermined period (for example, one measure). That is, the tone generator 26 is not instructed to generate tone data of tone color and pitch corresponding to the melody tone, obligato tone and chord tone, respectively.

  In FIG. 3, when the user does not press the key in the accompaniment key range for a predetermined period (see reference numeral 313), the melody automatic accompaniment pattern including the melody sound and obligato sound among the automatic accompaniment patterns, and the chord sound are displayed. The automatic chord accompaniment pattern including the sound is stopped and only the rhythm pattern is sounded (see reference numerals 323 and 333). This is a result of the execution of steps 1111 to 1113 of the beat start process.

  Next, the accompaniment elapsed time processing in step 1011 will be described. The accompaniment elapsed time processing includes accompaniment elapsed time counting processing (step 1003). FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of elapsed time counting processing according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, the CPU 21 acquires the reference elapsed time stored in the RAM 23 (step 1201). Next, the CPU 21 acquires the timing evaluation value stored in the RAM 23 (step 1202). The CPU 21 reflects the timing evaluation value in the accompaniment elapsed time (step 1203). In step 1203, an accompaniment elapsed time that defines the sounding timing of the chord sound in the automatic chord accompaniment pattern is obtained by adding the timing evaluation value to the reference elapsed time.

  In FIG. 16, the assumed operation and the reference elapsed time are indicated by reference numerals 1601 and 1602, respectively. In the reference elapsed time, n, n + 1,... Indicate internal times based on the reference elapsed time.

  When the key is pressed at a time earlier than the key pressing timing in the assumed operation due to the so-called previous movement, the accompaniment elapsed time = (reference elapsed time−d1) in consideration of the timing evaluation value d1 (d1 <0). ), And the internal time based on the accompaniment elapsed time is ahead of the internal time based on the reference elapsed time (see reference numeral 1611).

  On the other hand, when the key is pressed at a time later than the key pressing timing in the assumed operation due to the so-called rear glue, the accompaniment elapsed time = (reference elapsed time) in consideration of the timing evaluation value d2 (d2> 0). -D2), and the internal time based on the accompaniment elapsed time is later than the internal time based on the reference elapsed time (see reference numeral 1621).

  Next, event processing based on the reference elapsed time in step 1012 will be described. The event processing based on the reference elapsed time includes melody processing (step 1005) and rhythm processing (step (step 1006). FIG. 13A is a flowchart showing an example of melody processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 13B is a flowchart illustrating an example of rhythm processing.

  As shown in FIG. 13A, in the melody process, the CPU 21 refers to the reference elapsed time stored in the RAM 23 (step 1301). Next, the CPU 21 refers to the data of the melody automatic accompaniment pattern for the melody sound and obligato sound constituting the melody automatic accompaniment pattern, and determines whether or not the time (song time Δt) for processing the next event has elapsed. Is determined (step 1302).

  If it is determined Yes in step 1302, the CPU 21 reads out the record corresponding to the next event for the melody sound and the record corresponding to the next event for the obligato sound from the automatic melody accompaniment pattern data. (Step 1303), data indicating the timbre, pitch and pitch in the record are temporarily stored in the RAM 23 (Step 1304). As will be described later, in the sound source sound generation process (step 605 in FIG. 6), data indicating the tone color, pitch, and tone length of the melody sound and obligato sound temporarily stored in step 1304 is given to the sound source unit 26. .

  Since a plurality of musical sounds may be generated at the same time, after step 1304, the process returns to step 1301 again, and the process is repeated until it is determined No in step 1302.

  As shown in FIG. 13B, in the rhythm process, the CPU 21 refers to the reference elapsed time stored in the RAM 23 (step 1311). Next, the CPU 21 refers to the rhythm pattern data with respect to the rhythm sounds constituting the rhythm pattern, and determines whether or not the time (rhythm time Δt) for processing the next event has elapsed (step 1312). .

  If YES is determined in step 1312, the CPU 21 reads a record corresponding to the next event for the rhythm sound from the rhythm pattern data (step 1313), and stores data indicating the tone color of the rhythm sound in the RAM 23. Temporarily store (step 1314). As will be described later, in the sound source sound generation process (step 605), data indicating the tone color of the rhythm sound temporarily stored in step 1314 is given to the sound source unit 26.

  Since a plurality of musical sounds (rhythm sounds) should be generated at the same time, the process returns to step 1311 again after step 1404, and the process is repeated until it is determined No in step 1312.

  Next, event processing based on the accompaniment elapsed time in step 1012 will be described. The event processing based on the accompaniment elapsed time includes chord sound accompaniment processing (step 1007). FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of chord sound accompaniment processing according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14, in the chord sound accompaniment process, the CPU 21 refers to the accompaniment elapsed time stored in the RAM 23 (step 1401). Next, the CPU 21 refers to the chord automatic accompaniment pattern data for the chord sound and determines whether or not the time (accompaniment time Δt) for processing the next event has elapsed (step 1402). In the melody process (FIG. 13 (a)) and the rhythm process (FIG. 13 (b)), the reference elapsed time is referred to. In the chord sound accompaniment process, the accompaniment elapsed time is referred to. As described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 16, the accompaniment elapsed time is an accompaniment reflecting a timing evaluation value that is a difference between the key pressing timing in the assumed operation and the actual key pressing timing. Elapsed time.

  If it is determined Yes in step 1402, the CPU 21 reads a record corresponding to the next event for the chord sound from the chord accompaniment pattern data (step 1403). In the chord sound accompaniment process, the CPU 21 executes an operation reflecting process in order to change the sound length and chord name according to the actual sound key length and the number of key presses by the performer (step 1404). FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation reflection process according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 15, in the operation reflection process, the CPU 21 refers to the operation sound length value obtained in step 909 and stored in the RAM 23, and executes the process of reflecting the sound length of the chord sound to be generated. (Step 1501). The length of the chord sound is calculated as follows.

Sound length = (operation sound length value / assumed sound length value in the assumed operation) * the sound length indicated by the chord sound accompaniment data initial value Here, the assumed sound length value in the assumed operation is the value in the assumed operation shown in FIG. Corresponds to key time.

  The rest length is a value obtained by subtracting the calculated sound length from the step time until the next chord sound generation timing. FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the playback sound length of the chord sound obtained in the operation reflection process. In the accompaniment example 1, the note sound length t2 is half of the sound length t1 indicated by the chord sound accompaniment data initial value, which is (operation sound length value / assumed sound length value in assumed operation) = 0. This is the case. In the accompaniment example 2, the note length t3 is 1.5 times the length t1 indicated by the chord sound accompaniment data initial value, and this is the operation sound length value / the assumed sound length value in the assumed operation. ) = 1.5.

  Next, the CPU 21 refers to the key pressing number count value and determines a chord constituent sound to be generated according to the key pressing number (step 1502). FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of the key depression number reflecting process according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, the CPU 12 acquires and refers to the key press count value stored in the RAM 23 (step 1801). As described above, in the present embodiment, the chord automatic accompaniment pattern data includes the bass sound, the first chord constituent sound (root sound), the second chord constituent sound (third sound), and the third chord constituent. Including a sound (fifth sound) and a fourth chord constituent sound (seventh sound, tension note, etc.) (see reference numeral 1900 in FIG. 19). In particular, the fourth chord constituent sound (reference numeral 1910 in FIG. 19) is a chord constituent sound other than the three chords including the sixth sound, the seventh sound, the ninth sound, and the like (referred to as “tension added chord constituent sound” for convenience). : Code 1904) or a chord constituent sound to which a musical sound equivalent to the octave sound of the root sound is added (referred to as “tension non-added chord constituent sound” for convenience: reference numeral 1905). Yes.

  When the key press count value is “1”, the CPU 21 generates chord sound control information indicating that the chord component sound to be generated is only the bass sound (see reference numeral 1901 in FIG. 19). The data is temporarily stored in the RAM 23 (step 1802). When the key press count value is “2”, the CPU 21 determines that the chord constituent sound to be generated is the base sound, the first chord constituent sound (root), and the second chord constituent sound (fifth sound). (See reference numeral 1902) is generated and temporarily stored in the RAM 23 (step 1803).

  Further, when the key press count value is “3”, the CPU 21 includes the chord constituent sound including the bass sound, the first chord constituent sound, the second chord constituent sound, and the third chord constituent sound. That is, chord sound control information indicating that it is a bass sound and a triad (see reference numeral 1903) is generated and temporarily stored in the RAM 23 (step 1804). Further, when the key press count value is “4” or more, the chord constituent sounds are the base sound, the first chord constituent sound, the second chord constituent sound, the third chord constituent sound, and the fourth chord sound. Chord sound control information indicating that a chord constituent sound is included is generated and stored in the RAM 23 (step 1805).

  When the key pressing number determination process (step 1502) ends, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the key pressing number count value is 4 or more (step 1503). If it is determined Yes in step 1503, the CPU executes a chord reflection process (step 1504). In the chord reflection process according to the present embodiment, the CPU 21 refers to the white key / black key ratio evaluation value stored in the RAM 23, and if the pressed key includes a black key, the fourth code As a constituent sound, a tension added chord constituent sound including the seventh sound and a tension note is selected (see reference numeral 1904 in FIG. 9). On the other hand, if the black key is not included in the depressed key, the CPU 21 selects a tension code non-added chord constituent sound as the fourth chord constituent sound (see reference numeral 1905 in FIG. 9). The selected chord sound control information is temporarily stored in the RAM 23.

  Thereafter, the CPU 21 temporarily stores in the RAM 23 data indicating the pitches and lengths of the musical sounds constituting the chord sound based on the tone color of the chord sound and the determined chord constituent sound (step 1405). As will be described later, in the sound source sound generation process (step 605 in FIG. 6), the data indicating the tone color, pitch, and tone length temporarily stored in step 1404 is given to the sound source unit 26.

  In the chord sound accompaniment process, a plurality of musical tones (chords) should be generated at the same time. Therefore, after step 1404, the process returns to step 1401 again, and the process is repeated until it is determined No in step 1402.

  When the song accompaniment process (step 604 in FIG. 6) ends, the CPU 21 executes a sound source sound generation process (step 605). In the sound source sound generation process, for example, the CPU 21 supplies the sound source unit 26 with data indicating the tone color and pitch of the tone to be generated, which is generated by the melody key process (step 704 in FIG. 7), or the tone to be muted. Data indicating the tone color and pitch of the sound is supplied to the sound source unit 26. Further, the CPU 21 gives the data indicating the tone color, pitch, and length of the melody sound and obligato sound generated in the song accompaniment process (FIG. 10) to the sound source unit 26, and the data indicating the tone color of the rhythm sound. To the sound source unit 26. Further, the CPU 21 supplies the sound source unit 26 with data including the tone color of the chord tone and the pitch and tone length of each chord constituent tone.

  The sound source unit 26 reads the waveform data in the ROM 22 in accordance with data indicating tone color, pitch, tone length, etc., and generates predetermined musical tone data. Thereby, a predetermined musical sound is generated from the speaker 28.

  When the sound source sound generation process (step 605) ends, the CPU 21 executes other processes (for example, image display on the display unit 15, etc .: step 606) and returns to step 602.

  According to the present embodiment, the CPU 21 controls the sound generation timing of the chord automatic accompaniment data in the automatic accompaniment data based on a time difference between a predetermined key pressing timing of an assumed operation and an actual keyboard key pressing timing. To do. Thereby, according to the player's key pressing timing, it is possible to realize a so-called pre-pitch or post-pitch accompaniment. Even if the performer has no knowledge of the rhythm pattern, the automatic chord accompaniment data pattern can be changed by moving it in the time axis direction only by the key pressing timing.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, when the key pressing timing is within a certain range from the key pressing timing in the assumed operation, the CPU 21 calculates the time difference, and the musical tone of the chord automatic accompaniment data is generated by the time difference. The timing is advanced or delayed. Thereby, the performer can intuitively and easily grasp the change of the automatic accompaniment pattern.

  For example, the key pressing timing in the assumed operation is the beginning of the beat. Even performers without knowledge of the rhythm can easily understand the beginning of the beat, so by using the beginning of the beat as a reference, the player can easily change the automatic accompaniment pattern as desired. it can.

  In the present embodiment, the chord accompaniment pattern is stopped when there is no key depression for a certain period. Thus, the chord sound can be stopped by simply interrupting the key depression.

  For example, the CPU 21 stops the generation of the musical sound based on the automatic chord accompaniment pattern when there is no keyboard operation for the time corresponding to one beat before the beginning of the beat. Since it is determined to stop the generation of the musical sound based on the automatic chord accompaniment pattern in units of beats, the performer can instruct the stop of the chord accompaniment pattern at a desired timing intuitively without any difficult operation.

  In the present embodiment, the CPU 21 controls the tone length of the musical tone of the automatic chord accompaniment data based on the difference between the actual key pressing time by the performer and the key pressing time in the assumed operation. As a result, even if the performer does not have knowledge of the rhythm pattern, the chord accompaniment data pattern can be made as desired simply by a simple act of increasing or decreasing the key pressing time. It becomes possible to change.

  For example, the CPU 21 controls the tone length of the musical tone of the automatic chord accompaniment data based on the ratio between the actual key pressing time by the performer and the key pressing time in the assumed operation. This makes it possible to appropriately reflect the actual key pressing time by the performer in the musical tone of the automatic chord accompaniment data.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the CPU 21 is more complicated than the triad when the black key is included in the pressed key based on the number of white keys and black keys pressed. Sound, for example, a tension-added chord constituting sound with a tension note added thereto is selected. Therefore, even if the performer has no knowledge of chords, it is possible to pronounce a musical tone having a more complicated chord name by simply pressing the black key.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

  For example, in the embodiment, in the automatic accompaniment mode, the automatic chord accompaniment pattern sounding timing and sounding time (sound length) of the automatic accompaniment pattern according to the actual key pressing timing and key pressing time in the accompaniment key range. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the sound generation timing and the sound length of the melody sound or obligato sound of the melody automatic accompaniment pattern may be controlled.

  In the above embodiment, the key pressing timing in the assumed operation is the beginning of the beat, and the comparison between the actual key pressing timing and the key pressing timing in the assumed operation and the key pressing time are performed for each beat. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be every plural beats (for example, two beats) or every measure.

  Furthermore, in the above embodiment, when the key press count value is “4” or more and the black key is included in the pressed key, the CPU 21 generates the fourth chord constituent sound. , A tension-added chord composing sound including the seventh sound and a tension note, that is, a chord composing sound having a more complicated chord name is selected. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Based on the ratio of the black key and the white key, if the ratio of the black key among the pressed keys is equal to or greater than the ratio of the white key, the tension-added component sound is not generated. You may choose.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an external appearance of an electronic musical instrument according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electronic musical instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing processing executed by the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of automatic accompaniment pattern data (accompaniment data). FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a score corresponding to the automatic accompaniment pattern of FIG. FIG. 6A is a flowchart illustrating an example of a main flow executed in the electronic musical instrument 10 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a spirit of timer interrupt processing according to the present embodiment. is there. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of keyboard processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of melody key processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the accompaniment key process according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of song accompaniment processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 11A is a flowchart showing an example of the reference time counting process according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 11B is a flowchart showing an example of the beat start process. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of elapsed time counting processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 13A is a flowchart showing an example of melody processing according to this embodiment, and FIG. 13B is a flowchart showing an example of rhythm processing. FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of chord sound accompaniment processing according to the present embodiment. FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation reflection process according to the present embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the reference elapsed time and the accompaniment elapsed time in the present embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the playback sound length of the chord sound obtained in the operation reflection process. FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of the key depression number reflecting process according to the present embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a chord constituent sound in the chord sound according to the present embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Electronic musical instrument 11 Keyboard 12, 13 Switch 15 Display part 21 CPU
22 ROM
23 RAM
24 Sound System 25 Switch Group 26 Sound Source 27 Audio Circuit 28 Speaker

Claims (11)

Storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data, which is a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern, including the sound generation timing of a musical sound to be generated;
An electronic musical instrument comprising: musical tone data generating means for generating musical tone data of a predetermined musical tone based on an operation of a performance operator,
Control means for calculating a time difference between the operation timing of the performance operator and a reference timing preset for the automatic accompaniment data, and controlling the tone generation timing of the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data based on the time difference With
When the operation timing is earlier than the reference timing, the control means advances the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern based on the time difference, and when the operation timing is later than the reference timing, On the basis of the sounding timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern,
An electronic musical instrument, wherein the musical sound data generating means generates musical sound data of an automatic accompaniment pattern whose sound generation timing is controlled by the control means. The control means determines whether or not the operation timing of the arithmetic operator is an evaluation target period that is within a predetermined range from the reference timing, and when the operation is an operation in the evaluation target period, Calculate the time difference between the timing and the reference timing,
When the operation timing is earlier than the reference timing, the sounding timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern is advanced by the time difference, and when the operation timing is later than the reference timing, the automatic difference is generated by the time difference. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sounding timing of the accompaniment pattern is delayed. The reference timing corresponds to the beginning of a beat in the automatic accompaniment pattern,
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the control unit calculates a time difference between the operation timing and the reference timing for each beat in the automatic accompaniment pattern.   4. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein the controller stops generation of a musical sound based on the automatic accompaniment pattern when the performance operator is not operated for a certain period of time at a predetermined timing. The electronic musical instrument according to any one of the above.   The control means stops generation of a musical sound based on the automatic accompaniment pattern when there is no operation of the performance operator for a time corresponding to one beat before the beginning of the beat in the automatic accompaniment pattern. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 4. The automatic accompaniment pattern includes the length of the musical sound to be pronounced,
Based on the difference between the period during which the performance operator is operated and the reference operation period set in advance for the automatic accompaniment data and stored in the storage means, the control means is configured to change the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data. The electronic musical instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a sound length is controlled.   The control means calculates a ratio between a period during which the performance operator is operated and the reference operation period, and controls a tone length of the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data based on the calculated ratio. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 6, wherein The performance operator is a keyboard;
The automatic accompaniment pattern includes information for specifying a chord constituent sound,
The control means judges the type of the white key / black key of the operated key, and adds a complex sound by triad from the information specifying the chord constituent sound as the number of black keys increases The electronic musical instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the selected chord constituent sound is selected. A storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data, which is a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern, including a sound generation timing and a sound length of a musical sound to be generated;
An electronic musical instrument comprising: musical tone data generating means for generating musical tone data of a predetermined musical tone based on an operation of a performance operator,
Based on the difference between the period in which the performance operator is operated and the reference operation period preset for the automatic accompaniment data and stored in the storage means, the tone length of the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data is controlled. With control means,
The electronic musical instrument characterized in that the musical sound data generating means generates musical sound data of an automatic accompaniment pattern musical sound whose sound length is controlled by the control means at the sounding timing. Storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data, which is a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern, including the sound generation timing of a musical sound to be generated;
An electronic musical instrument comprising: musical tone data generating means for generating musical tone data of a predetermined musical tone based on a keyboard operation;
The type of white key / black key of the operated key is judged, and as the number of black keys increases, a chord constituent sound to which a complex sound is added by a triad is added from the information specifying the chord constituent sound. Control means to select,
The electronic musical instrument, wherein the musical sound data generating means generates musical sound data of musical sounds based on the chord constituent sound selected by the control means at the sounding timing. A computer provided with storage means for storing automatic accompaniment data including a predetermined automatic accompaniment pattern and the sound generation timing of a musical sound to be generated,
A musical sound data generation step for generating musical sound data of a predetermined musical sound based on the operation of the performance operator;
A time difference between the operation timing of the performance operator and the reference timing preset for the automatic accompaniment data and stored in the storage means is calculated, and the musical sound in the automatic accompaniment data is calculated based on the time difference. A control step for controlling the sound generation timing,
When the control timing is earlier than the reference timing, the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern is advanced based on the time difference, and when the operation timing is later than the reference timing, the time difference is set to the time difference. Based on the step of delaying the sound generation timing of the automatic accompaniment pattern,
An electronic musical instrument program characterized in that, in the musical sound data generating step, musical sound data of a musical sound of an automatic accompaniment pattern whose sound generation timing is controlled in the control step is generated.

Images