JP5397976B2 - 常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質 - Google Patents
常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5397976B2 JP5397976B2 JP2008121573A JP2008121573A JP5397976B2 JP 5397976 B2 JP5397976 B2 JP 5397976B2 JP 2008121573 A JP2008121573 A JP 2008121573A JP 2008121573 A JP2008121573 A JP 2008121573A JP 5397976 B2 JP5397976 B2 JP 5397976B2
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- paramagnetic metal
- liposome
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Description
また、本発明は、上記の常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質を含む常磁性金属含有リポソームも提供する。
さらに、本発明は、上記の常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質、又は上記の常磁性金属含有リポソームと、医薬的に許容される担体とを含むMRI用の造影剤も提供する。
DL−G1:R1R2NX(XH2)2
DL−G2:R1R2NX(X(XH2)2)2
DL−G3:R1R2NX(X(X(XH2)2)2)2
DL−G4:R1R2NX(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2
DL−G5:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2
DL−G6:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2)2
DL−G7:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2
DL−G8:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2
(式中、R1及びR2は同一又は異なって、C6〜C20アルキル基、C6〜C20アルコキシ基、アリール基又はアラルキル基を表し、Xは、−CH2CH2CONHCH2CH2N<を表す。)
上記のR1及びR2としてのアラルキル基は、ベンジル、フェネチルなどを含む。
該ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質の製造方法の例を、以下のスキームに示す。
本発明において、常磁性金属は、好ましくはガドリニウム(Gd)である。
上記の遊離アミノ基と結合可能な官能基としては、カルボキシ基、マレイミド基、イソシアナート基、イソチオシアナート基、アルデヒド基、カルボニル基などが挙げられる。
遊離アミノ基と結合可能な官能基を有する化合物と結合し得る官能基としては、カルボキシ基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ホスホノ基、チオール基、アルデヒド基、カルボニル基などが挙げられる。
遊離アミノ基と結合可能な官能基を有する化合物としては、上記の遊離アミノ基と結合可能な官能基を有する化合物が挙げられ、例えばN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド、クロロホルマートなどが挙げられる。
常磁性金属が鉄である場合、Feキレート化合物としては、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)のFe錯体、3-ヒドロキシ-2,2'-イミノジコハク酸4ナトリウム(HIDS)のFe錯体などが挙げられる。
常磁性金属がマンガンである場合、Mnキレート化合物としては、MnDPDP (マンガンジピリドキサルジホスフェート)、Mn(III)TSPP (マンガン(III)メソ-テトラ(4-スルホナートフェニル)ポルフィン クロリド)などが挙げられる。
常磁性金属が銅である場合、Cuキレート化合物としては、EDTAのCu錯体、HIDSのCu錯体などが挙げられる。
上記の常磁性金属塩としては、常磁性金属の無機塩が好ましく、塩化ガドリニウム、塩化鉄、塩化マンガン、クエン酸鉄アンモニウムなどが挙げられる。
ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質の遊離アミノ基に結合したキレート化剤のモル数は、核磁気共鳴(NMR)により測定できる。
上記の常磁性金属含有リポソームにおいて、常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質は、リポソーム内部の空間に含まれていてもよいし、リポソーム膜に保持されていてもよい。
本明細書において、物質が「リポソーム膜に保持される」とは、該物質がリポソーム膜に結合しているか、又はリポソーム膜を構成する脂質二重膜に該物質の一部分もしくは全体が埋め込まれていることを意味する。
リポソーム膜は、1種又は複数種の上記のリポソーム膜構成脂質から構成されることができる。
このような感温性高分子化合物としては、特開2003−212755号、WO2006/118278などに記載されるものを用いることができる。
なお、上記の式(I)〜(III)の化合物は、式(I)〜(III)における側鎖としてのオクタデシルオキシ基がドデシルオキシ基、テトラデシルオキシ基またはヘキサデシルオキシ基で置換された化合物が少量混合していてもよい。
WO2006/118278に記載される温度感受性リポソームをリポソームとして用いると、常磁性金属含有リポソームの位置を追跡し、該常磁性金属含有リポソームが所望の部位に到達したときにその部位を所定の温度にすることにより、リポソーム膜構造を崩壊させてリポソームの内容物を放出させることができる。
よって、本発明の常磁性金属含有リポソームは、リポソームとして温度感受性リポソームを用い、リポソーム内容物として抗癌剤、遺伝子治療用の遺伝子などの薬物を含有させれば、所望の位置で薬物を放出させるドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)の有効な送達手段となり得る。
上記の薬剤の量は特に限定されず、薬剤の種類などにより適宜選択することができる。
上記の医薬的に許容される担体としては、通常、MRI用の造影剤に用いられる担体であって、本発明の常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質又は常磁性金属含有リポソームを溶解し得る担体であればよく、生理食塩水、滅菌水、緩衝液などが挙げられる。
上記の造影剤の対象者への投与量は、常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質の性質、投与経路、対象者の性別、体重などに応じて適宜決定し得る。
以下の実施例では、次に示す供給元から入手した試薬を用いた。
ジ-n-オクタデシルアミン:Sigma-Aldrich。
アクリル酸メチル、エチレンジアミン:ナカライテスク。
シアン化ナトリウム:和光純薬工業。
トリエチルアミン(TEA):ナカライテスク。
1,4,7,10-テトラアザシクロドデカン-1,4,7,10-テトラ酢酸 モノ(N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジルエステル)(DOTA-NHS-エステル)・3CF3COOH・HPF6:神奈川科学技術アカデミーの横山昌幸博士より提供。
塩化ガドリニウム(III) (GdCl3):Sigma-Aldrich。
1,4,7,10-テトラアザシクロドデカン-1,4,7,10-テトラ酢酸(DOTA):Macrocyclics。
卵黄ホスファチジルコリン(EYPC):日本油脂。
コレステロール:SIGMA。
2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]エタンスルホン酸(HEPES):和光純薬工業(株)。
ホスホエタノールアミン-N-[メトキシ(ポリエチレングリコール)5000] 1,2,-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-(粉末)(PEG-PE):フナコシ(株)。
ジ-n-オクタデシルアミンを開始物質とし、アクリル酸メチルを用いたマイケル付加反応と、エチレンジアミンを用いたエステルアミド交換反応を繰り返すことにより、ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質を合成した。このポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質に、キレート化剤として1,4,7,10-テトラアザシクロドデカン-1,4,7,10-テトラ酢酸(DOTA)を結合させ、常磁性金属としてガドリニウム(Gd)を結合させて、常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質を製造した。
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.89 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-), δ1.26 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.41 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.36-2.46 (m, -CH 2COOCH3, -CH 2N-),δ2.77 (t, -CH 2CH2COOCH3), δ3.67 (s, -OCH 3).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.26 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.48 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.46 (br, -CH 2CONH-),δ2.53 (br, -CH 2N-),δ2.79(br, -CH 2CH2CONH-),δ2.85 (t, -CH 2NH2), δ3.49 (q, -CH 2CH2NH2), δ8.66 (m, -CONH-).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.25 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.43 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.34 (t, -CH 2CONH-),δ2.40-2.45 (m, -CH 2COOCH3, -CH 2N-),δ2.53 (t, -CONHCH2CH 2-),δ2.71-2.79 (m, -CH 2CH2CONH-, -CH 2CH2COOCH3), δ3.29 (q, -CONHCH 2-),δ3.67 (s, -OCH3), δ7.78 (br, -CONH-).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.26 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.43 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.33-2.44 (m, -CH 2CONHCH2CH2NH2, -CH 2N-),δ2.50 (t, -CONHCH2CH 2-),δ2.68 (t, -CH 2CH2CONH-),δ2.74 (t, -CH 2CH2CONHCH2CH2NH2), δ2.84 (t, -CH 2NH2), δ3.22-3.32 (m, -CONHCH 2-),δ7.30 and 8.64 (t, -CONH-).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.25(s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.44 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.36 (t, -CH 2CONH-),δ2.43 (t, -CH 2COOCH3, -CH 2N-),δ2.53-2.57 (m, -CONHCH2CH 2-),δ2.75 (t, -CH 2CH2CONH-, -CH 2CH2COOCH3), δ2.81 (t, -CH 2CH2CONH-),δ3.29 (m, -CONHCH 2-),δ3.68 (s, -OCH3), δ6.97 and 8.02 (br, -CONH-).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.26(s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.42 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.32-2.42 (m, -CH 2CONHCH2CH2NH2, -CH 2CONH-, CH 2N-),δ2.52 (m, -CONHCH2CH 2-),δ2.73 (m, -CH 2CH2CONH-, -CH 2CH2CONHCH2CH2NH2), δ2.83 (t, -CH 2NH2), δ3.25-3.30 (m, -CONHCH 2-),δ7.59, 7.84 and 8.54 (br, -CONH-).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.25 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.42 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.37 (m, -CH 2CONH-),δ2.44 (m, -CH 2COOCH3, -CH 2N-),δ2.54 (m, -CONHCH2CH 2-),δ2.74-2.80 (m, -CH 2CH2CONH-, -CH 2CH2COOCH3), δ3.29 (m, -CONHCH 2-),δ3.67 (s, -OCH 3), δ7.06, 7.61, and 8.09 (br, -CONH-).
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ0.88 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.26 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.42 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.36 (m, -CH 2CONHCH2CH2NH2, -CH 2CONH-, -CH 2N-),δ2.54 (m, -CONHCH2CH 2-),δ2.74 (br, -CH 2CH2CONH-, -CH 2CH2CONHCH2CH2NH2), δ2.82 (t, -CH 2NH2), δ3.26-3.29 (m, -CONHCH 2-),δ7.75, 8.97, and 8.49 (br, -CONH-).
1H NMR (D2O, NaOD): δ0.91 (m, CH 3(CH2)15-),δ1.31 (s, CH3(CH 2)15-),δ1.45 (br, -CH 2CH2N-),δ2.43, 2.63, 2.82, 2.99, 3.06, 3.22, and 3.36(br)
なお、上記の化学式(j)は、簡略化のために、ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質(化合物(i))の末端の1つにのみキレート化剤(DOTA)が結合した形態を示す。
得られた白色固体の水溶液を、卓上型高周波誘導結合プラズマ(ICP)発光分光分析装置SPS7800(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー(株))を用いて分析波長335.047nmの強度を測定して、Gdイオンの定量を行った。その結果、生成物の1分子当たり6.9モルのGdが導入されたことがわかった。
生成物であるGd含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質(k)を、以下、G3-(Gd-DOTA)ともいう。なお、上記の化学式(k)は、簡略化のために、ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質の末端の1つのみにGdが導入された形態を示す。
常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質として実施例1で製造した化合物(k)を用い、感温性高分子化合物とポリエチレングリコール(PEG)とをリポソーム膜に保持するリポソームを、次のようにして製造した。
感温性高分子化合物として、ポリ(2-(2-エトキシ)エトキシエチルビニルエーテル)オクタデシルビニルエーテル(EOEOVE-ODVE)ブロック共重合体を次のようにして合成した。この高分子化合物は、上記の式(I)において、R1 = -H; R2 = -C2H5; R4 = -OCH3の化合物である。
溶媒としてトルエン(6.2 ml)、添加塩基として酢酸エチル(10 mmol)、モノマーとして(2-エトキシ)エトキシエチルビニルエーテル(EOEOVE)(4 mmol)、重合開始剤として1-メトキシエトキシエチルアセテート(0.04 mmol)を用いた。これらをシュレンク管に分取して0℃に冷却後、同様に冷却したエチルアルミニウムセスキクロライド溶液(0.2 mmol)を添加することで重合を開始した。さらに、ブロック共重合体を合成するため、EOEOVEモノマーの重合終了時に、トルエンで希釈したオクタデシルビニルエーテル(ODVE)(0.2 mmol)を逐次添加した。ODVEモノマーの重合終了時にアンモニア性メタノールを重合系中に添加することによって重合反応を停止した。
卵黄ホスファチジルコリン(EYPC)のクロロホルム溶液、コレステロールのクロロホルム溶液、(2-1)で製造したEOEOVE-ODVE (Mn=13000)のクロロホルム溶液、PEG-PEのクロロホルム溶液を混合した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を除去し真空乾燥した。そして、実施例1で得られたG3-(Gd-DOTA)の水溶液を加えて均一に分散し、再び溶媒除去して薄膜を形成させた。各成分のモル比は、EYPC / コレステロール / EOEOVE-ODVE / PEG-PE / G3-(Gd-DOTA)=42 / 42 / 4 / 2 / 10であった。その後、HEPESバッファー(HBS)(20mM HEPES, 150mM NaCl (pH 7.4))を加え、超音波照射した後、凍結融解を繰り返すことによってリポソームを調製し、エクストルーダーを用いて孔径100nmのポリカーボネート膜に通してリポソームの粒径を揃えた。さらに、この分散液をSeamless Cellulose Tubing (分画分子量12000〜14000,UC8-32-25)を用いてHBSで透析した。
得られた常磁性金属含有リポソームを、以下、Gd含有リポソームという。
また、同じGd含有リポソーム分散液のGd濃度を、(1-10)に記載するようにして、ICPにより測定した。
これらの比率から、Gd含有リポソーム当たり7.9±0.8モル%のG3-(Gd-DOTA)が含有されていることがわかった。
卵黄フォスファチジルコリン(EYPC)のクロロホルム溶液と、コレステロールのクロロホルム溶液と、EOEOVE-ODVE (Mn=13000)のクロロホルム溶液と、PEG-PEのクロロホルム溶液を混合した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を除去し薄膜を形成させた。各成分のモル比は、EYPC / コレステロール / EOEOVE-ODVE / PEG-PE = 42 / 42 / 4 / 2であった。その後、HEPESバッファー(HBS)(20mM HEPES, 150mM NaCl (pH 7.4))を加え、超音波照射した後、凍結融解を繰り返すことによってリポソームを調製し、エクストルーダーを用いて孔径100nmのポリカーボネート膜に通してリポソームの粒径を揃えた。
DOTA (40.5mg, 1.00×10-4mol)とGdCl3 (26.4mg, 1.00×10-4mol)を蒸留水に溶解させた後、エバポレーターで濃縮し、HBS(pH=7.4) 100mlを加えて、Gd-DOTAのHBS溶液(1mM)を調製した。
比較例2のGd-DOTA、実施例1で得られたG3-(Gd-DOTA)、及び実施例2で得られたGd含有リポソームを、種々のGdイオン濃度(0.004〜1.14mM)となるようにHBSで希釈した。これらの溶液を、7T実験用水平型MRI(磁石:Kobelco社製、コンソール:Bruker社製、300 MHz)にて、ボリューム送受信コイル(Bruker社製)単独、又は表面受信コイル(Rapid Biomedical社製)と併用し、echo time(TE) 9.6 ms、repetition time (TR) 250 ms、FOV 51.2*51.2mm、Matrix size 256*256、slicethickness 2.0mmにて縦緩和時間(T1)を測定した。
また、Gd(III)を含まない比較例1のリポソームを、脂質濃度がGd含有リポソームの溶液のものと同じになるようにして、HBSで希釈し、上記と同様にしてT1を測定した。
この結果から、Gd含有リポソームは、高いT1短縮効果を示すことがわかる。
緩和度(R1)は、縦緩和時間(T1)の短縮効果を示すもので、MRI造影効果を表すパラメーターである。R1は、次式:
(1/T1) = (1/T10) + R1・[Gd(III)]
(式中、T10は、造影剤を含まない水の縦緩和時間である)
で示される。よって、図2に示す直線の傾きから、R1を求めた結果を、表1に示す。
また、本発明のGd含有リポソームは、G3-(Gd-DOTA)よりやや低い緩和度を示した。この要因としては、リポソームの脂質二重膜の内側の内水層へG3-(Gd-DOTA)のヘッド部分が向いておりそのことが何らかの影響を及ぼしたか、又はリポソーム表面では、G3-(Gd-DOTA)に比べて、含有されるG3-(Gd-DOTA)の水和の状態が変化したのではないかと考えられる。
10〜12週齢のメスのマウス(BALB/c slc:nu/nu)に、尾静脈注射により、実施例2のGd含有リポソーム分散液300μl (Gd 1.10μmol)を投与した。7T実験用水平型MRI(磁石:Kobelco社製、コンソール:Bruker社製、300 MHz)にて、ボリューム送受信コイル(Bruker社製)単独、又は表面受信コイル(Rapid Biomedical社製)と併用した。測定条件は、次のとおりであった:echo time (TE) 9.6 ms、repetition time (TR) 250 ms、FOV 51.2*51.2mm、Matrix size 256*256、slicethickness 2.0mm。
Claims (8)
- ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質中の1以上の遊離アミノ基と常磁性金属とがリンカーを介して結合してなる常磁性金属含有ポリアミドアミンデンドロン脂質をリポソーム膜に保持する常磁性金属含有リポソーム。
- 常磁性金属が、ガドリニウムである請求項1に記載の常磁性金属含有リポソーム。
- 前記遊離アミノ基との結合に用いられる常磁性金属がキレート化合物として用いられる請求項1又は2に記載の常磁性金属含有リポソーム。
- 前記遊離アミノ基が、下記式由来のアミノ基である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の常磁性金属含有リポソーム:
DL−G2:R1R2NX(X(XH2)2)2
DL−G3:R1R2NX(X(X(XH2)2)2)2
DL−G4:R1R2NX(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2
DL−G5:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2
DL−G6:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2)2
DL−G7:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2又は
DL−G8:R1R2NX(X(X(X(X(X(X(X(XH2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2
(式中、R1及びR2は同一又は異なって、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基又はアラルキル基を表し、Xは、−CH2CH2CONHCH2CH2N<を表す)。 - リポソーム膜が、ホスファチジルコリン及びホスファチジルセリンから選択される脂質で構成される請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の常磁性金属含有リポソーム。
- リポソームが、ポリエチレングリコール部分と感熱応答性部分と疎水性部分とを有する高分子化合物がリポソーム膜に担持されてなる温度感受性リポソームである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の常磁性金属含有リポソーム。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の常磁性金属含有リポソームと、医薬的に許容される担体とを含むことを特徴とする薬剤送達システム。
- 腫瘍部位に送達するための請求項7に記載の薬剤送達システム。
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