JP5372561B2 - Electric vehicle control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device for an electric vehicle including a drive motor and a power storage unit that supplies electric power to an electric device.

  In recent years, not only automobiles that use an engine that uses gasoline or the like as a fuel as a driving source, but also electric vehicles that use a driving motor driven by electric power from a battery as a driving source have been actively developed. In such an electric vehicle, the occupant is notified of the remaining battery level as part of energy management. However, since it is difficult for the occupant to know the distance that can actually travel from the remaining battery level, the remaining battery level may be insufficient before arriving at the destination. In particular, at the present time, the installation location of the charging facility corresponding to the electric vehicle is also limited, and therefore, energy management for avoiding the shortage of the remaining battery power during traveling is desired.

  Therefore, not only simply detecting the remaining battery level, it is also possible to grasp the previous travel distance and the travel distance to the destination, and determine whether these travel distances can be driven with the current remaining battery level. An automobile has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, an electric vehicle that obtains a travel distance per unit power amount from a past travel history and obtains and displays a travelable distance from the travel distance per unit power amount and a remaining battery amount is also proposed (for example, a patent Reference 2).

JP 2003-219503 A JP-A-9-191505

  However, the electric vehicle described in Patent Document 1 determines whether or not a predetermined travel distance is acceptable, and does not correspond to a usage in which the destination is changed midway. In addition, the electric vehicle described in Patent Document 2 calculates a power consumption rate from a past travel history and obtains a travelable distance. When the electric load greatly fluctuates, an accurate travelable distance is obtained. There was a delay in the calculation. For example, an electric vehicle is equipped with an electric compressor that constitutes an air conditioner, and power is generally supplied from a battery to the electric compressor. That is, since the electric power from the battery is consumed by the drive motor and the electric compressor, the travelable distance greatly varies depending not only on the traveling state but also on the operating state of the air conditioner. In such an electric vehicle, if the power consumption rate is calculated from the past driving history, it takes time until the power consumption rate that fully considers the operating status of the air conditioner is calculated. There is a problem that it is impossible to grasp the distance that can be traveled. On the other hand, in order to calculate the travelable distance so as to quickly follow the actual travelable distance, it is necessary to obtain the travelable distance by shortening the calculation interval of the power consumption rate. However, if the calculation interval of the power consumption rate is simply shortened, the travelable distance may fluctuate greatly in a transitional travel state such as acceleration or deceleration. There is a problem that can not be referenced.

  An object of the present invention is to quickly calculate the travelable distance corresponding to the change in the situation even when the operating situation of the air conditioner or the like changes.

The control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes a drive motor for driving wheels, an electric device mounted on the vehicle, a power storage unit for supplying power to the drive motor and the electric device, and a power storage unit. An electric vehicle control device comprising: a remaining power amount calculating means for calculating a remaining power amount, wherein the first power amount is based on a travel distance of the vehicle in a predetermined period and a power consumption amount of the driving motor. A first distance for calculating a first travelable distance corresponding to a stop state of the electrical device based on a first consumption rate calculating means for calculating a consumption rate, and the remaining power amount and the first power consumption rate. Calculation means, second consumption rate calculation means for calculating a second power consumption rate based on the travel distance of the vehicle in a predetermined period and the power consumption of the drive motor and the electric device, and the remaining power And said Based on the 2 watt consumption rate, and the second distance calculating means for calculating a second travel distance corresponding to the operating state of the electrical device, based on the operating status of the electrical device, the first travelable distance Or notifying means for notifying the occupant of the second travelable distance, and the first consumption rate calculating means is configured to provide the first consumption rate calculating means to the first consumption rate calculating means for each predetermined period regardless of the operating status of the electrical equipment. The second consumption rate calculation means calculates the second power consumption rate for each predetermined period , and the notification means notifies the first travelable distance to the occupant while the electrical device is stopped. Meanwhile, the second travelable distance, characterized in Rukoto be notified to the occupant by the notification means during operation of the electrical device.

  In the control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention, the second consumption rate calculating means calculates the second power consumption rate using the preset power consumption of the electrical device while the electrical device is stopped. It is characterized by that.

  The control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention is characterized in that the electric device is an air conditioner.

  According to the present invention, the first power consumption rate is calculated based on the travel distance of the vehicle in a predetermined period and the power consumption of the drive motor, regardless of the operating state of the electrical device, and the travel distance of the vehicle in the predetermined period And the second power consumption rate is calculated based on the power consumption of the drive motor and the electric device. As a result, when the electrical device is switched to the stopped state, the first travelable distance corresponding to the stopped state of the electrical device can be quickly calculated. When the electrical device is switched to the activated state, the operation of the electrical device is enabled. It is possible to quickly calculate the second travelable distance corresponding to the state.

It is the schematic which shows the structure of an electric vehicle. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the EV control unit which performs the calculation process of travelable distance. It is explanatory drawing which shows an electric energy consumption rate and a driving | running | working distance.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the electric vehicle 10. The electric vehicle 10 is applied with an electric vehicle control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 10 includes a wheel drive motor generator (drive motor) 11. A drive shaft 12 is connected to the motor generator 11, and wheels 14 and 15 are connected to the drive shaft 12 via a differential mechanism 13. The electric vehicle 10 also has a high voltage battery (power storage means) 16 that functions as a power source for the motor generator 11. For example, a 400 V lithium ion secondary battery is used as the high voltage battery 16.

  An inverter 20 is connected to the motor generator 11, and a high voltage battery 16 is connected to the inverter 20 via energization cables 21 and 22. When driving the motor generator 11 as an electric motor, the inverter 20 converts a direct current from the high voltage battery 16 into an alternating current, and this alternating current is supplied to the motor generator 11. On the other hand, when the motor generator 11 is driven as a generator, the inverter 20 converts the alternating current from the motor generator 11 into a direct current, and this direct current is supplied to the high voltage battery 16. Further, by controlling the current value and frequency of the alternating current using the inverter 20, it is possible to control the torque and rotation speed of the motor generator 11.

  An electric compressor 23 and an electric heater 24 are connected to the energization cables 21 and 22 to which the high voltage battery 16 is connected. The electric compressor 23 is provided for cooling and heating the passenger compartment, and the electric heater 24 is provided for heating the passenger compartment. That is, the electric compressor 23 and the electric heater 24 constitute an air conditioning device (electric device) 25 that uses the high voltage battery 16 as a power source. A DC / DC converter 26 is connected to the energization cable. Further, a low voltage battery (for example, a 12V lead storage battery) 27 is connected to the converter 26, and this low voltage battery 27 serves as a power source for the inverter 20, the converter 26, various control units 30 to 32 described later, and the like. .

  As these control units 30 to 32 that control the respective operation parts of the electric vehicle 10, an EV control unit (EVCU) 30 that comprehensively controls the electric vehicle 10, and a battery control unit that controls charging / discharging of the high voltage battery 16. (BCU) 31, an air conditioner control unit (ACCU) 32 for controlling the air conditioner 25, and the like are provided. A communication network 33 is constructed in the electric vehicle 10, and the EV control unit 30, the battery control unit 31, the air conditioner control unit 32, the inverter 20, the converter 26, and the like are connected to each other via the communication network 33. ing. The EV control unit 30, the battery control unit 31, and the air conditioner control unit 32 include a CPU that calculates control signals and the like, and also includes a ROM that stores control programs and data, and a RAM that temporarily stores data. ing.

  Moreover, in order to charge the high voltage battery 16 using the quick charger 34 installed in a charging stand etc., the electric vehicle 10 is provided with the power receiving connector 35 for quick charge. The power receiving connector 35 has a pair of energizing cables 36, 37. One energizing cable 36 is connected to the energizing cable 21, and the other energizing cable 37 is connected to the energizing cable 22. That is, the quick charger 34 and the high-voltage battery 16 are connected by connecting the quick charger 34 to the power receiving connector 35. Note that the quick charger 34 is connected to the communication network 33 by connecting the quick charger 34 to the power receiving connector 35. As a result, the quick charger 34 can quickly charge the high voltage battery 16 while grasping the charge state of the high voltage battery 16.

  Furthermore, in order to charge the high voltage battery 16 with a low voltage power source such as a home power source, the electric vehicle 10 has an AC current (for example, 200 V) of the home power source converted to a DC current (for example, 400 V) corresponding to the high voltage battery 16. An in-vehicle charger 40 for conversion is mounted. The in-vehicle charger 40 has a pair of energization cables 41 and 42, one energization cable 41 is connected to the energization cable 21, and the other energization cable 42 is connected to the energization cable 22. Furthermore, in order to connect the household power supply and the in-vehicle charger 40, the electric vehicle 10 is provided with a home charging connector 43 extending from the in-vehicle charger 40. That is, by connecting a household power source to the power receiving connector 43, the household power source is connected to the high voltage battery 16 via the in-vehicle charger 40. The in-vehicle charger 40 is connected to the communication network 33, and the in-vehicle charger 40 can charge the high voltage battery 16 while grasping the charging state of the high voltage battery 16.

  Next, the calculation process of the travelable distance by the EV control unit 30 will be described. The travelable distance means a distance that can be traveled using the remaining power of the high-voltage battery 16. That is, the distance that can be traveled without charging the high-voltage battery 16. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the EV control unit 30 that executes the calculation process of the travelable distance.

  First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the EV control unit 30 includes a voltage sensor 50 that detects the terminal voltage V of the high-voltage battery 16, a current sensor 51 that detects the charging / discharging current Ia of the inverter 20, and a drive shaft. A rotational speed sensor 52 for detecting a rotational speed N of 12 is connected. Further, the air conditioner control unit 32 includes an air conditioner switch 53 that is operated when the air conditioner 25 is operated, a current sensor 54 that detects a current Ib that is supplied to the electric compressor 23, and a current Ic that is supplied to the electric heater 24. A current sensor 55 to be detected is connected. The operation signal (ON / OFF) of the air conditioner switch 53, the detected current Ib of the current sensor 54, and the detected current Ic of the current sensor 55 are transmitted from the air conditioner control unit 32 to the EV control unit 30 via the communication network 33. Yes.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the current Ia and the voltage V are input to the first power consumption calculation unit 60 of the EV control unit 30. Then, the power consumption calculation unit 60 calculates the average value of the current Ia and the voltage V in a predetermined period, and calculates the first power consumption E1 by multiplying the averaged current Ia and the voltage V. The power consumption amount E1 is the power consumption amount of the motor generator 11, and is the amount of power consumed when the electric vehicle 10 is run without operating the air conditioner 25. Next, the first power consumption calculation unit 61 of the EV control unit 30 receives the power consumption amount E1 and the rotation speed N. Then, the electricity consumption calculation unit 61 functioning as the first consumption rate calculation means calculates a travel distance ΔD in a predetermined period based on the rotation speed N, and divides this travel distance ΔD by the power consumption amount E1 to obtain the first power amount. A consumption rate Ee1 is calculated. The power consumption rate is a travel distance per unit power consumed, and is a value corresponding to a fuel consumption rate (fuel consumption) of an automobile using an engine as a drive source.

  Subsequently, the electric energy consumption rate Ee1 and the remaining electric energy SOC of the high voltage battery 16 are input to the travelable distance calculating unit 62 of the EV control unit 30. Then, the travelable distance calculation unit 62 that functions as the first distance calculation unit calculates the first travelable distance D1 by multiplying the remaining power amount SOC by the power consumption rate Ee1. The travelable distance D1 is a travelable distance in a state where the electric compressor 23 and the electric heater 24 are not energized, that is, a travelable distance corresponding to the stopped state of the air conditioner 25.

  The remaining power amount SOC of the high voltage battery 16 is calculated by the battery control unit 31 as the remaining power amount calculation means, but the remaining power amount SOC can be calculated using a known technique. For example, the remaining power amount SOC may be obtained by integrating the charge / discharge current of the high voltage battery 16, or the remaining power amount SOC may be obtained based on the open voltage of the high voltage battery 16. The remaining electric energy SOC based on current integration is strong against load fluctuations such as inrush currents, but has a characteristic that errors tend to accumulate, while the remaining electric energy SOC based on open circuit voltage is a region where the current is stable. However, it is highly effective, but has a characteristic that it is weak against load fluctuations such as inrush current. Therefore, a weighting coefficient may be set according to the charge / discharge status of the high-voltage battery 16, and the remaining power amount SOC based on the current integration and the remaining power amount SOC based on the open voltage may be weighted and combined.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the EV control unit 30 is provided with an air conditioner power consumption calculating unit 63 that calculates the power consumption Ea1 of the air conditioner 25 every predetermined period. The air conditioner power consumption calculating unit 63 receives the current Ib, the current Ic, and the voltage V. Then, the air conditioner power consumption calculating unit 63 calculates an average value of the current Ib, the current Ic, and the voltage V in a predetermined period. Next, the averaged current Ib and current Ic are added, and the voltage V is multiplied by the added current to calculate the power consumption amount Ea1. The power consumption amount Ea1 is the amount of power consumed by the air conditioner 25, that is, the electric compressor 23 and the electric heater 24. The air conditioner power consumption calculation unit 63 receives an operation signal from the air conditioner switch 53, and the air conditioner power consumption calculation unit 63 receives the ON signal from the air conditioner switch 53 while the air conditioner 25 is in operation. The power consumption amount Ea1 is calculated and output to the second power consumption amount calculation unit 64.

  Further, the EV control unit 30 is provided with an air conditioner power consumption amount estimation unit 65 that estimates the power consumption amount Ea2 of the air conditioner 25 every predetermined period. The air conditioner power consumption estimation unit 65 estimates the power consumption Ea2 of the air conditioner 25 by processing preset map data, arithmetic expressions, and the like using the vehicle interior temperature, the vehicle exterior temperature, and the like. The power consumption amount Ea2 is an expected amount of power consumed by the electric compressor 23 and the electric heater 24 when the air conditioner 25 is operated. Note that the air conditioner power consumption estimation unit 65 receives an operation signal from the air conditioner switch 53, and the air conditioner power consumption estimation unit 65 receives the OFF signal from the air conditioner switch 53 while the air conditioner 25 is stopped. The power consumption amount Ea2 is estimated and output to the second power consumption amount calculation unit 64.

  Subsequently, the current Ia and the voltage V are input to the second power consumption calculation unit 64 of the EV control unit 30, and the power consumption Ea1 is input during the operation of the air conditioner 25. During the stop, the power consumption amount Ea2 is input. Then, the power consumption calculation unit 64 calculates an average value of the current Ia and the voltage V in a predetermined period, and multiplies the power consumption by multiplying the averaged current Ia and voltage V by the power consumption Ea1 or Ea2. Is added to calculate the second power consumption E2. The power consumption amount E2 is the power consumption amount of the inverter 20 and the air conditioner 25, and is the amount of power consumed when the electric vehicle 10 is run while the air conditioner 25 is operated. Next, the power consumption amount E <b> 2 and the rotation speed N are input to the second power consumption calculation unit 66 of the EV control unit 30. Then, the power consumption calculation unit 66 functioning as the second consumption rate calculation means calculates a travel distance ΔD in a predetermined period based on the rotation speed N, and divides this travel distance ΔD by the power consumption amount E2 to obtain the second power amount. A consumption rate Ee2 is calculated.

  Subsequently, the electric energy consumption rate Ee2 and the remaining electric energy SOC of the high voltage battery 16 are input to the travelable distance calculating unit 62 of the EV control unit 30. Then, the travelable distance calculation unit 62 that functions as the second distance calculation unit calculates the second travelable distance D2 by multiplying the remaining power amount SOC by the power consumption rate Ee2. The travelable distance D <b> 2 is a travelable distance in a state where the electric compressor 23 and the electric heater 24 are energized, that is, a travelable distance corresponding to the operating state of the air conditioner 25.

  The travelable distance calculation unit 62 that has calculated the travelable distances D1 and D2 displays the travelable distance D1 or the travelable distance D2 on the display device (notification unit) 67 in accordance with an operation signal from the air conditioner switch 53. That is, when the OFF signal is input from the air conditioner switch 53, the travelable distance D1 corresponding to the stop state of the air conditioner 25 is displayed on the display device 67, while when the ON signal is input from the air conditioner switch 53, the air conditioner is displayed. The travelable distance D2 corresponding to the 25 operating states is displayed on the display device 67.

  Here, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a power consumption rate and a travelable distance. As shown in FIG. 3, regardless of the operating state of the air conditioner 25, the first power consumption calculation unit calculates the power consumption rate Ee1 corresponding to the operation state of the air conditioner 25, and the second power consumption calculation unit calculates the air conditioner 25. The power consumption rate Ee2 corresponding to the stop state is calculated. As a result, it is possible to calculate the travelable distance D1 corresponding to the operating state of the air conditioner 25 and to calculate the travelable distance D2 corresponding to the stop state of the air conditioner 25. Thus, since the travelable distances D1 and D2 are calculated in parallel, when the air conditioner 25 is switched to the stop state, the travelable distance D1 corresponding to the stop state of the air conditioner 25 is directed toward the occupant. Displayed immediately. On the other hand, when the air conditioner 25 is switched to the operating state, the travelable distance D2 corresponding to the operating state of the air conditioner 25 is immediately displayed to the passenger. In the above description, the travelable distances D1 and D2 are calculated in parallel. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that the power consumption rates Ee1 and Ee2 are calculated in parallel. In this case, the power consumption rates Ee1 and Ee2 are selected according to the operation signal from the air conditioner switch 53, and the travelable distances D1 and D2 are calculated based on the selected power consumption rates Ee1 and Ee2. become.

  Further, the power consumption rate Ee1, Ee2 (travelable distance D1, D2) is always calculated, and the power consumption rate Ee1, Ee2 (travelable distance D1, D2) is switched according to the state of the air conditioner 25. ing. For this reason, in order to suppress the fluctuation width (hunting) of the power consumption rates Ee1 and Ee2 in a transitional driving situation such as acceleration and deceleration, the calculation interval of the power consumption rates Ee1 and Ee2 is widened. However, when the operating status of the air conditioner 25 is switched, the travelable distances D1 and D2 can be displayed immediately. In this manner, it is possible to suppress hunting of the travelable distance in a transient travel situation such as acceleration or deceleration while reflecting the operating state of the air conditioner 25 in the travelable distance quickly.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, although the electric compressor 23 and the electric heater 24 are cited as elements constituting the air conditioner 25, the air conditioner 25 may be constituted by only the electric compressor 23, or the air conditioner 25 may be constituted by only the electric heater 24. good. Further, the electric device is not limited to the air conditioner 25, and may be another electric device as long as the high voltage battery 16 is used as a power source. Examples of the electric device that affects the travelable distance include a seat heater and a headlight.

  In the above description, the electric energy consumption rate Ee1 (travelable distance D1) corresponding to the stopped state of the air conditioner 25, and the electric energy consumption rate Ee2 (travelable distance D2) corresponding to the operating state of the air conditioner 25. Are calculated in parallel, but more power consumption rate (travelable distance) may be calculated in parallel. For example, when the air conditioner 25 is not only switched ON / OFF, but also when the air volume is switched in multiple stages, the power consumption varies for each air volume, so the power consumption rate is calculated for each air volume. Also good. Further, when a seat heater is mounted as an electrical device in addition to the air conditioning device 25, the power consumption rate taking into account the air conditioning device 25, the power consumption rate taking into account the seat heater, the air conditioning device 25 and the seat heater are taken into account. The power consumption rate may be calculated in parallel. Thus, by calculating many power consumption rates in parallel, it is possible to further improve the calculation accuracy of the travelable distance.

  In the above description, the travel distance per unit power amount (km / kWh) is calculated as the power consumption rates Ee1 and Ee2, but the power consumption per unit travel distance (kWh / kW) is calculated as the power consumption rate. It goes without saying that km) may be calculated. Even when the power consumption rate is calculated as described above, the travelable distance can be calculated by dividing the remaining power SOC by the power consumption rate.

  Further, in the above description, a manual air conditioner manually operated by the occupant is shown as the air conditioner 25. However, an auto air conditioner that is automatically controlled according to the room temperature and the room humidity can be used as the air conditioner. is there. When an auto air conditioner is installed as an air conditioner (electrical device), the operating status of the air conditioner is switched depending on the room temperature or the like, so the travelable distance displayed is switched according to the room temperature or the like. In order to notify the occupant of the travelable distance, the travelable distance is displayed on the display device 67, but the travelable distance may be notified to the occupant by a sound emitted from a speaker (notification means).

10 Electric Vehicle 11 Motor Generator (Drive Motor)
14, 15 Wheel 16 High voltage battery (electric storage means)
25 Air-conditioning equipment (electric equipment)
31 Battery control unit (remaining electric energy calculation means)
60 1st power consumption calculation part 61 1st electricity consumption calculation part (1st consumption rate calculation means)
62 Travelable distance calculation unit (first distance calculation unit, second distance calculation unit)
64 2nd power consumption calculation part 66 2nd electricity consumption calculation part (2nd consumption rate calculation means)
67 Display device (notification means)
SOC Residual power E1 First power consumption (power consumption)
Ee1 First power consumption rate D1 First travelable distance E2 Second power consumption (power consumption)
Ee2 Second power consumption rate D2 Second travelable distance

Claims (3)

A driving motor for driving the wheels; an electric device mounted on the vehicle; an electric storage means for supplying electric power to the driving motor and the electric device; and a remaining electric energy for calculating the remaining electric energy stored in the electric storage means An electric vehicle control device comprising: a calculating means;
First consumption rate calculating means for calculating a first power consumption rate based on the travel distance of the vehicle in a predetermined period and the power consumption of the drive motor;
First distance calculating means for calculating a first travelable distance corresponding to a stop state of the electrical device based on the remaining power amount and the first power consumption rate;
Second consumption rate calculating means for calculating a second power consumption rate based on the travel distance of the vehicle in a predetermined period and the power consumption of the drive motor and the electric device;
Second distance calculating means for calculating a second travelable distance corresponding to the operating state of the electrical device based on the remaining power amount and the second power consumption rate ;
A notification means for notifying an occupant of the first travelable distance or the second travelable distance based on an operating state of the electrical device;
Regardless of the operating status of the electrical equipment, the first consumption rate calculation unit calculates the first power consumption rate every predetermined period, and the second consumption rate calculation unit causes the second power consumption calculation unit to calculate the second power consumption every predetermined period. Let the consumption rate be calculated ,
While the first travelable distance by the notification means during the stop of the electric device is informed to the passenger, the second travelable distance Ru is informed to the passenger by the notification means during operation of the electrical device A control apparatus for an electric vehicle. The control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to claim 1 Symbol placement,
The control device for an electric vehicle, wherein the second consumption rate calculation means calculates the second power consumption rate using a preset power consumption of the electrical device while the electrical device is stopped. . In the control apparatus of the electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The electric vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric device is an air conditioner.

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