CN109060015A - A kind of detection of EV Energy Consumption, evaluation and the device and its working method that reduce energy consumption - Google Patents
A kind of detection of EV Energy Consumption, evaluation and the device and its working method that reduce energy consumption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of EV Energy Consumption detection, evaluation and the device and its working method for reducing energy consumption, to use the test data under any operating condition to detect and evaluate EV Energy Consumption, and energy consumption can be effectively reduced by data analysis and control device control, the present invention is also with the automobile residue SOC calculation method of optimization, road energy consumption model and energy consumption optimum path planning algorithms, keep operation result more accurate, improve the objectivity and reliability of energy consumption of vehicles detection, and detection method of the invention is very simple and convenient, it can be widely applied to detect all kinds of pure electric vehicles and taking the energy consumption before and after energy conservation measure and the fractional energy savings after taking energy conservation measure.With the development of big data and car networking technology, this EV Energy Consumption detection, evaluation and the method for reducing energy consumption have more broad application prospect, in addition, to preventing the cheating in EV Energy Consumption test to be of great significance.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of EV Energy Consumptions to detect, the device and its working method of evaluation and reduction energy consumption,
Belong to automobile energy consumption evaluation method field.
Background technique:
Currently, the manufacture and application of new-energy automobile are still in infancy, nevertheless, country still goes into overdrive to promote
The research and development and marketing of new-energy automobile.In " energy conservation and the new-energy automobile industrial development planning (2012- that State Council issues
The year two thousand twenty) " in, by 2015, pure electric automobile and plug-in hybrid-power automobile added up volume of production and marketing and strive reaching 500,000 for plan
, it is more than 5,000,000 that the year two thousand twenty, which adds up volume of production and marketing,.
In terms of horsepower requirements, according to " energy conservation and new-energy automobile industrial development planning (2012-2020) " and " riding
Vehicle fuel consumption limit value " national standard requirement, to the year two thousand twenty per 100 km fuel consumption be 4.5 liters, which means that arrive the year two thousand twenty
Hundred kilometers of average fuel consumptions of new car will then decrease beyond 40%, and in addition to small displacement gasoline car, most of product of all vehicle enterprises all must
It must be that hybrid vehicle or electric car are just able to satisfy target call.
The application prospect of new-energy automobile is very wide, but also dynamic battery energy density is low, and service life is short etc. asks
Topic, power battery performance in addition to battery modules have outside the Pass with vehicle energy consumption also close relation.Especially battery module matter
Measure it is not satisfactory under conditions of, the effect that can play of energy consumption detection then becomes apparent.
Currently, existing energy consumption of vehicles test method only can be carried out the measurement of theoretical energy consumption and fractional energy savings, knot detected
Fruit accuracy is extremely low.To lose the real meaning of energy consumption of vehicles test.And due to the complexity of EV Energy Consumption composition
Property, it is difficult to accurately express status of energy consumption and energy saving situation to measure power consumption with single index (SOC).
China regulation is tested and is evaluated to energy consumption using operating condition method and constant speed method, and the U.S. is to traditional operating condition method
It is improved, referred to as five operating condition method of EPA, including typical urban operating condition, typical high-speed working condition, radical driving cycles, cold start-up
Operating condition and air conditioner test operating condition.These operating conditions with so comprehensively embodying electric car energy consumption level relatively, but due to practical row
Sailing operating condition can hardly be completely the same with any one measurement condition, so this test method can only predict roughly different travelings
Energy consumption under operating condition can not test actual travel process.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is to provide a kind of detection of EV Energy Consumption in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, comment
Valence and the device and its working method for reducing energy consumption, this test method are suitable for pure electric automobile, including commercial vehicle and riding
Vehicle.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of EV Energy Consumption detection, evaluation and the device for reducing energy consumption, packet
Vehicle carried data collecting device, on-vehicle control apparatus and central processing unit are included, the vehicle carried data collecting device includes that electric energy consumption is adopted
Collect module, air-conditioning data acquisition module and travelling data acquisition module;The on-vehicle control apparatus includes data memory module, micro-
Processor and wireless communication module;The central processing unit includes computing module and road energy consumption model module, for calculating
The data and issue instruction to on-vehicle control apparatus that vehicle carried data collecting device acquires, the electric energy consumption acquisition module includes voltage
Sensor and current sensor, for detecting motor and vehicle total energy consumption;The air-conditioning data acquisition module is sensed comprising wind speed
Device, temperature sensor, baroceptor, intensity of illumination sensor, humidity sensor and refrigerant liquid flow sensor;It is described
Travelling data acquisition module includes that acceleration sensor, Slope Transducer, steering angle sensor, vehicle speed sensor and brake pedal pass
Sensor;In automobile cab equipped with automobile instrument display module, auditory tone cues module and driving mode switching switch.
The present invention also adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of detection of EV Energy Consumption, evaluation and the device for reducing energy consumption
Working method, steps are as follows:
Step 1: the data of acquisition are sent to vehicle-mounted control dress by way of CAN bus by vehicle carried data collecting device
It sets, data are stored in the data memory module of on-vehicle control apparatus, are compressed and are encrypted later, then filled by vehicle-mounted control
The central processing unit that the wireless communication module set will compress encrypted data and be sent to backstage;
Step 2: central processing unit is decompressed and is decrypted after receiving the data, carries out calculation processing later;
Step 3: central processing unit sends automobile residue SOC, remaining course continuation mileage and the optimum path planning after calculating
To the wireless communication module in on-vehicle control apparatus, shown on automobile instrument display module later.
Further, in step 3, the calculation method of automobile residue SOC are as follows:
The remaining capacity situation for reflecting battery with the state-of-charge SOC of battery, be defined as battery remaining capacity and
The ratio of battery capacity, if battery is Q by the electricity that the t period releases, the practical total capacity of battery is C, then formula are as follows:
According to electrical principles, be equal to by the transient current of a conductor electricity increment for flowing through conductor and incremental time it
Than that is, the electricity integral that is exactly electric current, formula are as follows:
If electric discharge is since 0 moment, above formula is indicated with Definitions On Integration, i.e.,
A/D conversion is carried out to the analog signal of electric current, i.e., analog signal i (t) is sampled and become discrete signal, mould
The key of quasi- signal discrete is to choose suitable sampling interval or sampling frequency, chooses Δ t≤100ms according to sampling theorem and is
Guarantee that discrete signal carries all information of analog signal, since the variation of i (t) is approximately straight line, while in view of A/D is converted
The conversion rate of device, it is believed that Δ t takes 100ms proper.This pattern (3) reforms into
Formula (4) be one can practical operation formula, one-time detection is carried out to i (t) every 100ms, and sample value is saved
Get up, then carry out one-accumulate at regular intervals, so as to find out the electricity or outflow electricity for being filled with battery whithin a period of time
The electricity in pond, it is known that the specified total electricity Q of battery1, then pass through the electricity that formula (4) available any time battery has discharged
Q (t), then remaining capacity may be defined as
The formula indicates that remaining capacity accounts for the percentage of total electricity, and k is a proportionality coefficient in formula, and size and battery are put
Electric rate, battery temperature, the newness degree of battery, memory effect, charge efficiency factor are related.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: this method, and the test data under any operating condition can be used to pure electric automobile
Energy consumption is detected and is evaluated, and can effectively reduce energy consumption by data analysis and control device control, and the present invention also uses
The automobile residue SOC calculation method of optimization, road energy consumption model and energy consumption optimum path planning algorithms, keep operation result more quasi-
Really, the objectivity and reliability of energy consumption of vehicles detection are improved, and detection method of the invention is very simple and convenient, it can be extensive
The energy consumption before and after energy conservation measure and the fractional energy savings after taking energy conservation measure are being taken applied to all kinds of pure electric vehicles are detected.With
The development of big data and car networking technology, the detection of this EV Energy Consumption, evaluation and the method for reducing energy consumption have more
Add broad application prospect, in addition, to preventing the cheating in EV Energy Consumption test to be of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is energy consumption meter wiring schematic diagram used in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the device of EV Energy Consumption of the present invention detection, evaluation and reduction energy consumption.
Wherein:
1, power battery pack, 2, on-vehicle control apparatus, 3, motor, 4, tire, 5, main reducing gear, 6, electric machine controller, 7,
High-tension distribution box, 8, other loads, 9, air velocity transducer, 10, temperature sensor, 11, baroceptor, 12, humidity sensor,
13, acceleration sensor, 14, Slope Transducer, 15, vehicle speed sensor, 16, travelling data acquisition module, 17, voltage sensor,
18, electric energy consumption acquisition module, 19, air-conditioning data acquisition module, 20, refrigerant liquid flow sensor, 21, intensity of illumination sensing
Device, 22, steering angle sensor, 23, brake pedal sensor, 24, current sensor, 25, central processing unit, 26, vehicle-mounted control
Device, 27, microprocessor, 28, data memory module, 29, wireless communication module, 30, auditory tone cues module, 31, automobile instrument
Display module, 32, reduce energy consumption, 33, prompt driving mode switching, 34, maximum energy-saving path, 35, residue SOC, 36, continue a journey in
Journey, 37, air-conditioning device, 38, heating device, 39, steering pump.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
EV Energy Consumption of the present invention detection, evaluation and to reduce the device of energy consumption include vehicle carried data collecting device, vehicle
It carries control device and central processing unit, vehicle carried data collecting device includes electric energy consumption acquisition module 18, air-conditioning data acquisition module
19 and travelling data acquisition module 16;On-vehicle control apparatus includes data memory module 28, microprocessor 27 and radio communication mold
Block 29;Central processing unit includes computing module and road energy consumption model module, for calculating the acquisition of vehicle carried data collecting device
Data and to on-vehicle control apparatus issue instruct.Electric energy consumption acquisition module includes voltage sensor 17 and current sensor 24,
For detecting motor and vehicle total energy consumption;Air-conditioning data acquisition module 19 includes air velocity transducer 9, temperature sensor 10, air pressure
Sensor 11, intensity of illumination sensor 21, humidity sensor 12 and refrigerant liquid flow sensor 20;Travelling data acquires mould
Block 16 includes acceleration sensor 13, Slope Transducer 14, steering angle sensor 22, vehicle speed sensor and brake pedal sensor
23.In automobile cab equipped with automobile instrument display module 31, auditory tone cues module 30 and driving mode switching switch.
EV Energy Consumption of the present invention detection, evaluation and reduce energy consumption device working method step and condition such as
Under:
Vehicle carried data collecting device is when acquiring vehicle-mounted data, it is desirable that equal interval sampling, 1HZ≤sample frequency≤100Hz,
Data are without interruption and overall process time >=20 minute;The air velocity transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor, intensity of illumination
Sensor, humidity sensor and refrigerant liquid flow sensor are respectively intended to obtain the wind speed of vehicle external environment, interior external environment
Temperature, the air pressure of vehicle external environment, the intensity of illumination of vehicle external environment, the humidity of environment inside car and air-conditioning refrigerant liquid stream
Amount.The acceleration sensor, Slope Transducer, steering angle sensor, vehicle speed sensor and brake pedal sensor are respectively intended to
Obtain automobile current acceleration, the gradient, steering angle, speed and brake condition.The voltage sensor and current sensor
It is Hall sensor, voltage sensor and current sensor is mounted on to the DC bus end of high voltage power distributing cabinet, for measuring
Voltage sensor and current sensor are mounted on electric machine controller DC bus end by vehicle total energy consumption, drive system for measuring electricity
The total energy consumption of system.It is the total energy consumption of remaining load with the total energy consumption that vehicle total energy consumption subtracts electric drive system.
The data of acquisition are sent to on-vehicle control apparatus, data by way of CAN bus by vehicle carried data collecting device
It is stored in the data memory module of on-vehicle control apparatus, is compressed later and is encrypted, then the nothing for passing through on-vehicle control apparatus
The central processing unit that line communication module will compress encrypted data and be sent to backstage, central processing unit after receiving the data into
Row decompression and decryption, carry out calculation processing later.Central processing unit by after calculating automobile residue SOC, remaining course continuation mileage and
Optimum path planning is sent to the wireless communication module in on-vehicle control apparatus, shows on automobile instrument display module later.
What needs to be explained here is that the microprocessor in on-vehicle control apparatus can also calculate automobile residue SOC, need central processing
Microprocessor calculates automobile residue SOC and compares in automobile residue SOC and on-vehicle control apparatus after device calculating, if the two
Error is smaller, then the results are shown on automobile instrument display module, if the two error is larger, returns in on-vehicle control apparatus
Microprocessor recalculate.On-vehicle control apparatus can remind driver to cut according to remaining SOC value by auditory tone cues module
Driving mode is changed, the driving mode includes motor pattern, general mode and energy-saving mode.The optimum path planning is basis
What the road energy consumption model in dynamic information distribution platform and central processing unit comprehensively considered.Simultaneously when SOC is less than 30%
When, on-vehicle control apparatus can control air-conditioning device and reduce energy consumption and close heating device and steering pump, only when steering angle senses
Device has detected that steering pump is just started to work, and otherwise steering pump stops working when being greater than ± 30 degree of steering angles.The air-conditioning device
Have the function of adjusting temperature, humidity and the cleannes of air in vehicle.The heating device includes seat heater, rear gear
Wind glass heating device, windshield wiper nozzle heating device, reflective mirror heating device, steering wheel heating device, front windshield heating
Device.
Further, preferably, the calculation method of the automobile residue SOC are as follows:
The remaining capacity situation for usually reflecting battery with the state-of-charge SOC of battery is defined as the residue electricity of battery
The ratio of amount and battery capacity, if battery is Q by the electricity that the t period releases, the practical total capacity of battery is C, then formula
Are as follows:
But usual battery total capacity C (namely available capacity) is not a constant, it is can be with discharge rate of battery
Variation and change.The present invention is based on above-mentioned deficiency, proposes a kind of remaining capacity algorithm that can be applied to Practical Project,
And it is realized using the microprocessor in on-vehicle control apparatus.
According to electrical principles, be equal to by the transient current of a conductor electricity increment for flowing through conductor and incremental time it
Than then electricity is exactly the integral of electric current, formula is as follows:
If electric discharge is since 0 moment, above formula is indicated with Definitions On Integration, i.e.,
For battery, according to law of conservation of energy, the electricity ideally exported when battery discharge should be waited
Be filled with the electricity of battery when charging, so, as long as theoretically measure battery charging current and the charging time it is known that
The actual capacity or electricity of battery, then measure battery discharge current and discharge time just can be obtained battery output electricity, use
Actual capacity, which subtracts discharge electricity amount, can calculate battery dump energy.According to the variation characteristic of electric current, battery operating current i (t)
It is a random signal, directly calculates electricity using formula (2) and be difficult to realize, but the feature offer that i (t) pace of change is relatively slow
The possible approaches of one approximate calculation electricity.
Therefore, it is necessary to the analog signals to electric current to carry out A/D conversion, that is, change is sampled to analog signal i (t)
At discrete signal.The key of analog signal discretization is to choose suitable sampling interval (or sampling frequency).According to sampling theorem
Choosing Δ t≤100ms can guarantee that discrete signal carries all information of analog signal.Since the variation of i (t) is approximately straight
Line, while considering the conversion rate of A/D converter, it is believed that Δ t takes 100ms proper.This pattern (3) reforms into
Formula (4) be one can practical operation formula, one-time detection can be carried out to i (t) every 100ms, and by sample value
It saves, then (such as 1s or 10s) carries out one-accumulate at regular intervals, so as to find out whithin a period of time
It is filled with the electricity of battery or flows out the electricity of battery.If it is known that the specified total electricity Q of battery1, then available by formula (4)
The electricity q (t) that any time battery has discharged, then remaining capacity may be defined as
The formula indicates that remaining capacity accounts for the percentage of total electricity.K is a proportionality coefficient in formula, and size and battery are put
The factors such as electric rate, battery temperature, the newness degree of battery, memory effect, charge efficiency are related.
Further, preferably, the foundation of the road energy consumption model is achieved in the following ways:
The model of evaluation electric car energy consumption level is generally divided into two classes: one kind is macroscopical energy consumption calculation model;It is another kind of
For microcosmic energy consumption calculation model.Their main distinction is to calculate the method for energy consumption and time scale difference.Macroscopical energy consumption meter
Calculating model is mainly to show that the automobile in a period of time is flat by acquiring and counting energy consumption data using the method for investigation and statistics
Equal energy consumption numerical value, time scale is usually the moon or year.Microcosmic energy consumption calculation model is mainly according to vehicle on specific road
The characteristic of operation carries out instantaneous energy consumption calculation, time scale be generally the second, point or hour.Microcosmic energy consumption model is mainly again
Be divided into two kinds: one is the relationships established between motoring condition and energy consumption by approximating method;Another kind is to pass through vehicle
The relationship of vehicle instantaneous operating status and energy consumption is established in dynamic analysis.
Existing instantaneous energy consumption calculation model is established based on Velocity Time sequence, is according to electric car operating status
Velocity Time sequence calculate energy consumption.This method needs node-by-node algorithm energy consumption, passes through the energy consumption for the individual data point that adds up
Value finally obtains total energy consumption, and shortcoming is that the calculating time is longer, is unable to satisfy the demand that electric car energy consumption calculates in real time.
To solve above-mentioned deficiency, the Velocity Time sequence of vehicle operational mode is carried out certain processing and obtains phase by the present invention
Then speed, acceleration data are carried out sliding-model control, calculate the speed of every one piece of data point by the acceleration time series of pass
Degree, the corresponding probability of acceleration condition, just obtain a VA probability distribution matrix, utilize the statistical average of VA probability distribution matrix
The time of substitution Velocity Time sequence averagely carrys out the calculating for energy consumption of vehicles, can solve existing energy consumption calculation model in this way and exists
Carry out the low disadvantage of big data quantity computational valid time rate.
The number for enabling data sample in Velocity Time sequence is n, and VA probability matrix is CM×N, general power is equal to each speed
The sum of obtained power of state point, it may be assumed that
Energy consumption Et(kWh) are as follows:
When driving force is greater than or equal to zero, automobile is in acceleration or at the uniform velocity driving condition, then drives energy consumption are as follows:
When driving force is less than zero, automobile is in retarding braking state, then brakes energy consumption are as follows:
Electric car attachment energy consumption in driving process are as follows:
Comprehensive electric car driving energy consumption, braking energy consumption and vehicle attachment energy consumption, electric car in the process of moving total
Energy consumption can calculate according to the following formula:
Etal=Et/ηmη-Ebηb+Ea (11)
Wherein, ηmFor transmission system of electric automobile machinery driving efficiency;η is electromotive efficiency, can be inserted according to efficiency MAP chart
Value obtains;ηbFor braking energy of electric automobiles recovery efficiency.
Further, preferably, the electric vehicle energy consumption optimum path planning is based on improvement A*What algorithm carried out, A*It calculates
Method is to solve the most effective direct search method of shortest path in a kind of static road network.Algorithm found using heuristic function away from
From the terminal that starting point has minimum cost, for the general type of the estimation function of node n are as follows:
F (n)=g (n)+h (n) (12)
Wherein, g (n) is actual cost of the start node to present node
H (n) is that present node to destination node estimates cost
The effect of evaluation function f (n) is the importance degree for estimating each node in Open table, determines them in Open table
Order.G (n) determines the lateral trend of search, it is conducive to the completeness of search, but influences the efficiency of search.Estimate cost h
(n) it is heuristic function, advances for guidance search towards most promising direction, estimated value is closer with actual value, appraisal
It is better that function obtains, so that the number of nodes being unfolded in search process is small as far as possible, to improve search efficiency.
The improvement A*Algorithm is energy consumption when being run according to vehicle, it is contemplated that the factors such as energy loss and recycling are established
Operation energy consumption function, devises new heuristic energy consumption and estimates cost to A*Algorithm improves.
It is heuristic to estimate shown in cost is defined as follows:
H (u, t)=η3(hr(u,t)+ht(u,t)+hb(u,t)) (13)
Cost formula is estimated by heuristic, can be found from the least energy consumption path of origin-to-destination.
When vehicle sets out, first with improvement A*Algorithm obtains the least energy consumption path of origin-to-destination, and remembers energy consumption
For E, J is the charge capacity of battery, compares the relationship of E and J.
(1) if E≤J, vehicle is just travelled according to planning path.
(2) if E > J, illustrate that the current electricity of battery cannot support vehicle to drive to terminal along planning path, need weight
New planning path, vehicle needs first to drive to a reachable charging station and charges at this time, then drives to terminal again.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
It for member, can also make several improvements without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvement also should be regarded as of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of EV Energy Consumption detection, evaluation and the device for reducing energy consumption, it is characterised in that: including vehicle carried data collecting
Device, on-vehicle control apparatus and central processing unit, the vehicle carried data collecting device include electric energy consumption acquisition module (18), air-conditioning
Data acquisition module (19) and travelling data acquisition module (16);The on-vehicle control apparatus include data memory module (28),
Microprocessor (27) and wireless communication module (29);The central processing unit includes computing module and road energy consumption model mould
Block is instructed for calculating the data of vehicle carried data collecting device acquisition and issuing to on-vehicle control apparatus, the electric energy consumption acquisition
Module includes voltage sensor (17) and current sensor (24), for detecting motor and vehicle total energy consumption;The air-conditioning data
Acquisition module (19) includes air velocity transducer (9), temperature sensor (10), baroceptor (11), intensity of illumination sensor
(21), humidity sensor (12) and refrigerant liquid flow sensor (20);The travelling data acquisition module (16) includes to add
Fast sensor (13), Slope Transducer (14), steering angle sensor (22), vehicle speed sensor and brake pedal sensor (23);
In automobile cab equipped with automobile instrument display module (31), auditory tone cues module (30) and driving mode switching switch.
2. the working method of a kind of EV Energy Consumption detection, evaluation and the device for reducing energy consumption, it is characterised in that: step is such as
Under:
Step 1: the data of acquisition are sent to on-vehicle control apparatus by way of CAN bus by vehicle carried data collecting device, number
It according in the data memory module for being stored in on-vehicle control apparatus, is compressed and is encrypted later, then pass through on-vehicle control apparatus
The central processing unit that wireless communication module will compress encrypted data and be sent to backstage;
Step 2: central processing unit is decompressed and is decrypted after receiving the data, carries out calculation processing later;
Step 3: automobile residue SOC, remaining course continuation mileage and the optimum path planning after calculating are sent to vehicle by central processing unit
The wireless communication module in control device is carried, is shown on automobile instrument display module later.
3. the working method of EV Energy Consumption detection as claimed in claim 2, evaluation and the device for reducing energy consumption, special
Sign is: in step 3
The calculation method of automobile residue SOC are as follows:
The remaining capacity situation for reflecting battery with the state-of-charge SOC of battery is defined as the remaining capacity and battery of battery
The ratio of capacity, if battery is Q by the electricity that the t period releases, the practical total capacity of battery is C, then formula are as follows:
According to electrical principles, the ratio between electricity increment and the incremental time for flowing through conductor are equal to by the transient current of a conductor, i.e.,
Electricity is exactly the integral of electric current, and formula is as follows:
If electric discharge is since 0 moment, above formula is indicated with Definitions On Integration, i.e.,
A/D conversion is carried out to the analog signal of electric current, i.e., analog signal i (t) is sampled and become discrete signal, simulation letter
The key of number discretization is to choose suitable sampling interval or sampling frequency, chooses Δ t≤100ms according to sampling theorem and guarantees
Discrete signal carries all information of analog signal, since the variation of i (t) is approximately straight line, while in view of A/D converter
Conversion rate, it is believed that Δ t takes 100ms proper.This pattern (3) reforms into
Formula (4) be one can practical operation formula, one-time detection is carried out to i (t) every 100ms, and sample value is saved,
Then one-accumulate is carried out, at regular intervals so as to find out the electricity of the electricity or outflow battery that are filled with battery whithin a period of time
Amount, it is known that the specified total electricity Q of battery1, then the electricity q (t) discharged by formula (4) available any time battery,
So remaining capacity may be defined as
The formula indicates that remaining capacity accounts for the percentage of total electricity, and k is a proportionality coefficient, the electric discharge of size and battery in formula
Rate, battery temperature, the newness degree of battery, memory effect, charge efficiency factor are related.
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