JP5359971B2 - 藻類の凝集分離方法 - Google Patents
藻類の凝集分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5359971B2 JP5359971B2 JP2010085228A JP2010085228A JP5359971B2 JP 5359971 B2 JP5359971 B2 JP 5359971B2 JP 2010085228 A JP2010085228 A JP 2010085228A JP 2010085228 A JP2010085228 A JP 2010085228A JP 5359971 B2 JP5359971 B2 JP 5359971B2
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- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
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Description
(2)アルカリ性無機凝集剤がアルミン酸ナトリウム、アルミン酸カリウムもしくはポルトランドセメント、またはこれらのうちの二種以上の混合物である、(1)に記載の方法。
(3)カチオン性高分子凝集剤が、カチオン性モノマーの単独重合体、カチオン性モノマーとノニオン性モノマーの共重合体、縮合系ポリアミン、ポリビニルアミン、ポリビニルアミジン、ポリ(メタ)アリルアミン、ジシアンジアミド−ホルマリン縮合物、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルイミダリン、ポリビニルピリジン、ジアリルアミン塩−二酸化硫黄共重合体、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩−二酸化硫黄共重合体、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩−アクリルアミド共重合体もしくはアリルアミン塩重合体、またはこれらのうちの二種以上の混合物である、(1)または(2)に記載の方法。
(4)藻類が緑色植物門または紅色植物門に属する藻類である、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(5)バイオ燃料を製造する方法であって、緑色植物門または紅色植物門に属する藻類が分散している液体を用意する工程、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の方法により前記藻類を凝集分離させる工程、および、前記藻類を前記液体から取り出し、含有する油脂を採取する工程を含む、前記方法。
無機凝集剤を単独で用いた場合の凝集性能を調べた。微細藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディア(Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea)を500mLのバイオリアクターで培養した。培養時の培養液中における藻の濃度は2.5〜3.0g/Lであり、培養液のpHは3〜3.5であった。この藻が分散している培養液を蒸留水で0.5g/Lに希釈し、よく攪拌した後、ビーカーに100mL採取した。このビーカーに、スターラーチップ(φ7×20(mm))を入れてマルチスターラー(アズワン製)で攪拌しながら(攪拌速度は10目盛り中5目盛りの位置)、無機凝集剤を所定量添加した。なお、粉末であるアルミン酸ナトリウムに関しては予め蒸留水に溶解させて5重量%の水溶液としてから添加した。使用した無機凝集剤の詳細は表1に記載のとおりである。なお、凝集剤の添加濃度は、凝集剤の添加量(g)を系中に含まれる藻の重量(g)(乾燥藻体相当)で割り、乾燥藻体に対する重量%として求めた。
凝集剤の添加後、藻を含む液体を5分間攪拌し、100mLのメスシリンダーに速やかに移した。10分間静置した後、沈降したフロック(塊)の高さをメスシリンダーの目盛りに基づいて測定した。読み取ったメスシリンダーの値(mL)を藻の濃度(0.5g/L)で割り、得られた値を指標として沈降性を評価した。評価基準は、得られた値をXとした場合に、A:10≦X、B:5≦X<10、C:2≦X<5、D:0≦X<2とした。
上記と同様に、凝集剤の添加後に藻を含む液体をさらに5分間攪拌し、100mLのメスシリンダーに速やかに移し、10分間静置した後、メスシリンダー目盛り70mLの位置から20mL分の上澄み液をピペットによりサンプリングした。ガラス繊維ろ紙GF/F(4.7cm)を用いて、サンプリングした上澄み液を吸引ろ過により分離した。ろ紙を105℃、3時間で乾燥し、上澄み液に含まれていた藻の乾燥重量を測定した。この上澄み液中の藻の重量(g)を凝集前の系中に含まれる藻の重量(g)(乾燥藻体相当)で割り、上澄残分を重量%として求めた。評価基準は、上澄残分(%)をYとした場合に、A:0≦Y<3、B:3≦Y<10、C:10≦Y<50、D:50≦Yとした。
凝集剤を添加する前、および凝集剤の添加によりフロックが沈降し分離した後の液のpHをpH測定器(pH METER F-22、HORIBA製)で測定した。
高分子凝集剤を単独で用いた場合の凝集性能を調べた。参考例1〜6と同様にして、0.5g/Lの濃度の微細藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディアを含む液体をビーカーに100mL採取し、マルチスターラーで攪拌しながら、予め蒸留水に溶解させて0.2重量%水溶液とした所定の高分子凝集剤を所定量添加した。使用した高分子凝集剤の詳細は表3に記載のとおりである。
アルカリ性無機凝集剤を添加した後にカチオン性高分子凝集剤を添加した場合の凝集性能を調べた。上述した参考例1〜15と同様にして、0.5g/Lの濃度の微細藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディアを含む液体をビーカーに100mL採取し、マルチスターラーで攪拌しながら、予め蒸留水に溶解させて5重量%の水溶液としたアルミン酸ナトリウムを添加した。5分間攪拌した後、予め蒸留水に溶解させて0.2重量%水溶液としたポリメタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチルを添加し、さらに5分間攪拌して、100mLのメスシリンダーに速やかに移した。参考例1〜16と同様に、様々な添加濃度で凝集剤を使用した各々の場合につき、沈降性および凝集性を評価し、溶液のpHを測定した。比較例1および実施例1〜4の結果を表5に示す。
Claims (5)
- 液体中に分散している藻類を凝集分離させる方法であって、藻類が分散しているpH2.0〜4.0の液体にアルカリ性無機凝集剤を添加し、次いでカチオン性高分子凝集剤を添加することを含む、前記方法。
- アルカリ性無機凝集剤がアルミン酸ナトリウム、アルミン酸カリウムもしくはポルトランドセメント、またはこれらのうちの二種以上の混合物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- カチオン性高分子凝集剤が、カチオン性モノマーの単独重合体、カチオン性モノマーとノニオン性モノマーの共重合体、縮合系ポリアミン、ポリビニルアミン、ポリビニルアミジン、ポリ(メタ)アリルアミン、ジシアンジアミド−ホルマリン縮合物、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルイミダリン、ポリビニルピリジン、ジアリルアミン塩−二酸化硫黄共重合体、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩−二酸化硫黄共重合体、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩、ポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩−アクリルアミド共重合体もしくはアリルアミン塩重合体、またはこれらのうちの二種以上の混合物である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 藻類が緑色植物門または紅色植物門に属する藻類である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- バイオ燃料を製造する方法であって、
緑色植物門または紅色植物門に属する藻類が分散している液体を用意する工程、
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法により前記藻類を凝集分離させる工程、および
前記藻類を前記液体から取り出し、含有する油脂を採取する工程を含む、前記方法。
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