JP5288437B2 - Strain applying method and strain applying device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a strain applying method and a strain applying device to a workpiece having a structure whose structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain.

  Conventionally, in a metal structure, it is known that structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain. For example, when strain is applied to the metal structure, the metal structure is refined to improve strength, or Various methods for applying strain have been proposed because it is possible to improve the properties required in metal processing, such as improving ductility, or to improve the properties by controlling the crystal orientation in the metal structure. ing.

  For example, as a well-known strain application method, an ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) method using a die provided with an insertion path having a bent portion in the middle is known. In the ECAP method, when a metal body is pushed into a die insertion passage and passes through a bent portion, a shear strain is applied to the metal body at the bent portion, and the metal structure is refined by the shear strain.

  In addition, an HPT (High Pressure Torsion) method using an upper mold and a lower mold each having an accommodating portion for accommodating a metal body is also well known. In general, the lower mold is often provided with a concave accommodating portion for accommodating a metal body, and the upper mold is often provided with a convex piston for pressing down the metal body in the accommodating portion. In the HPT method, the metal body accommodated in the accommodating portion is sandwiched between the upper die and the lower die, pressed at a high pressure, and accommodated by rotating at least one of the upper die and the lower die with respect to the other. A shear strain is applied to the metal body in the section, and the metal structure is refined by the shear strain.

  In the HPT method, at least one of the upper mold and the lower mold is rotated with respect to the other to apply a shear strain to the metal body in the housing portion. In this case, the rotating upper mold or the lower mold When the rotating shaft of the mold penetrates the metal body in the housing part, a large shear strain cannot be applied to the metal body around the rotating shaft portion and the rotating shaft. As a result, non-uniformity was produced in accordance with the distance from the rotating shaft, and the metal structure of the metal body could not be refined uniformly.

Therefore, the metal body is previously provided with a hole in a penetrating state in the rotating shaft portion, and the metal body is sandwiched and pressed between the upper mold and the lower mold, and at least one of the upper mold and the lower mold is placed on the other side. It has been proposed to apply a shear strain as uniform as possible to a metal body by rotating against the metal body while causing the pores to shrink and disappear (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2006-247734 A

  However, even in the case of a metal body having a hole in the rotation shaft portion of the rotation of the mold in the HPT method, it is difficult to apply uniform shear strain as a whole by the refinement process by the HPT method. It has been difficult to produce a metal body with a uniformly refined metal structure.

  On the other hand, in the ECAP method, it is possible to generate a metal body having a metal structure uniformly refined as a whole by inserting the metal body through a bent insertion passage, but the metal body cannot be sufficiently restrained. The strain that can be introduced into the metal body is limited, and the metal structure of the metal body can be highly refined by not being able to apply a large strain like the HPT method that restrains the metal body and applies strain. There wasn't.

  Furthermore, at the present time, both the ECAP method and the HPT method can be stably processed only by a batch treatment of a small amount at a time, and mass production is difficult.

  In view of the current situation, the present inventor conducted research to develop a strain application method capable of effectively improving the structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics such as the refinement of the metal structure in the metal body. It has come to make.

In the strain applying method of the present invention, a workpiece having a structure whose structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain is sandwiched between at least two molds, and one mold holding the workpiece is sandwiched. In a strain applying method for improving the structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics by applying shear strain to the object to be processed by displacing the object with respect to the other mold, the object to be processed is formed as a long flat plate. One of the molds holding the object to be processed is set to be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the object to be processed with the thickness direction of the object to be processed being the holding direction.

Furthermore, in the strain applying method of the present invention, the first mold and the second mold have the second mold and the third mold disposed so as to face each other with the first mold interposed therebetween . with sandwiching and clamping the object to be processed by the first mold and the third mold, also characterized in that the displacing relative to the first mold second mold and the third mold Is.

In the strain applying device of the present invention, the object to be processed having a structure whose structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain is sandwiched between at least two molds, and one of the objects to be processed is sandwiched. In a strain application device that improves structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics by applying shear strain to a workpiece by displacing the mold with respect to the other mold, The mold is arranged with the thickness direction as the clamping direction, and one mold that clamps the workpiece is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece.

Furthermore, the strain applying apparatus of the present invention includes a first mold and a second mold and a third mold that are arranged to face each other with the first mold interposed therebetween, and the first mold and the second mold. type as well as clamping the object to be processed, the processing object is sandwiched between the first mold and the third mold, displacing the first mold to the second mold and the third mold The first mold is a cylindrical body, the work piece is sandwiched with the second mold or the third mold on the peripheral surface, and the first mold is rotated to rotate the second mold and It is also characterized by being displaced with respect to the third mold.

  In addition, in the strain applying device of the present invention, a concave portion into which the workpiece is inserted is provided on the peripheral surface of the first mold, and the opposing surface facing the concave portion in the second mold and the third mold is formed in the concave portion. It is also characterized in that it is flush with the other facing surface, and that the concave portion is provided spirally on the peripheral surface of the first mold.

Further, in the strain-applying device of the present invention, the depth of the ring-shaped recess located on the outer side, but also has a feature that is larger than the depth dimension of the ring-shaped recess located on the inner side .

In the present invention, an object to be processed having a structure in which structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain is a long plate body, and the object to be processed is sandwiched with the thickness direction of the object to be processed as the clamping direction. By displacing one of the molds in the longitudinal direction of the object to be processed, it is possible to uniformly apply a shear strain to the object to be processed as a whole to improve the structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics uniformly. it can.

  In addition, when the workpieces are sequentially fed at a predetermined timing in the longitudinal direction, the batch workpiece can be processed, but a long workpiece can be processed and mass production can be facilitated.

  In the strain applying method and the strain applying apparatus of the present invention, at least two workpieces having a structure in which structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain, which are long plate-like bodies. By sandwiching between two molds and displacing one mold with respect to the other mold in the longitudinal direction of the object to be processed, shearing strain is applied to the object to be processed to improve structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics. It is what.

  The improvement of structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics by applying strain is not a phenomenon that can be seen only in the metal structure, but a phenomenon that can also be seen in the structure of organic substances such as polymers, ceramics, or intermetallic compounds. Any material can be used as long as it has a structure in which structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain.

  In the present invention, one of the molds sandwiching the workpiece to be processed in the form of a flat plate is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece with respect to the other to apply shear strain to the workpiece, Since the shear strain can be uniformly applied to the entire surface, the structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics of the workpiece can be improved uniformly, and variations in the structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are suppressed. A workpiece can be generated.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a strain applying device A1 according to the first embodiment. The strain applying device A1 according to the first embodiment is configured to face a first mold 10 having a predetermined shape, a second mold 20 arranged to face the first mold 10, and a first mold 10. The third mold 30 is provided, and in particular, the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 are arranged to face each other with the first mold 10 interposed therebetween. Although not shown, the first mold 10, the second mold 20, and the third mold 30 are each supported by a required support base and can be moved forward and backward in a predetermined direction as will be described later. It is said.

  The first mold 10 has a first facing surface 11 facing the second mold 20 and a second facing surface 12 facing the third mold 30, and the first facing surface 11 and the second facing surface 12. Are planes parallel to each other. The first opposing surface 11 is provided with a first groove 13 having a concave cross section, and the second opposing surface 12 is also provided with a second groove 14 having a concave cross section. The first mold 10 does not necessarily need to have the first facing surface 11 and the second facing surface 12 as long as at least the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 are provided. In the present embodiment, one groove is provided on each side of the first mold 10, but the number of grooves is not limited to one, and a plurality of grooves may be provided.

  In this embodiment, the width dimension of the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 is the same as the width dimension of the object M to be processed as a long flat plate, and the object to be processed is placed in the first groove 13 and the second groove 14. M can be disposed.

  A rod 16 of a hydraulic cylinder 15 is connected to the first mold 10 so that the first mold 10 can be moved forward and backward in the extending direction of the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 by the hydraulic cylinder 15.

  The second mold 20 is provided with a ridge 22 having a convex cross section that can be inserted into the first groove 13 on the facing surface 21 facing the first facing surface 11 of the first mold 10. Further, the rod 24 of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is connected to the second mold 20, and the second mold 20 is pushed out toward the first mold 10 by the hydraulic cylinder 23, so that the ridge 22 is formed in the first groove 13. The workpiece M in the first groove 13 is sandwiched by the ridges 22 and can be pressed.

  The third mold 30 is provided with a convex section 32 having a convex cross section that can be inserted into the second groove 14 on the facing surface 31 facing the second facing surface 12 of the first mold 10. Further, the rod 34 of the hydraulic cylinder 33 is connected to the third mold 30, and the third mold 30 is pushed out toward the first mold 10 by the hydraulic cylinder 33, so that the ridges 32 are formed in the first groove 14. The workpiece M in the second groove 14 is sandwiched by the ridges 32 and can be pressed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the width dimension of the protrusion 22 of the second mold 20 is substantially the same as the width dimension of the first groove 13 of the first mold 10, and the protrusion 22 is Insertion into one groove 13 is possible, and the width dimension of the protrusion 32 of the third mold 30 is made substantially the same as the width dimension of the second groove 14 of the first mold 10, so that the protrusion 32 is formed into the second groove. 14 can be inserted, but the concavo-convex shape may be reversed, and further, a concave / convex shape provided with a groove on either side may be used. Further, as described above, when a plurality of grooves are provided on one surface of the first mold 10, the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 have a plurality of convex portions corresponding to the number of grooves. Is provided. Alternatively, the first mold 10, the second mold 20, and the third mold 30 are not provided with irregular shapes, and are respectively provided to the sides of the first mold 10, the second mold 20, and the third mold 30. A guide mold is provided, and the guide mold and the first mold 10, the second mold 20, or the third mold 30 form a concave accommodating portion for accommodating the workpiece M. May be.

  The workpiece M processed by the strain applying device A1 is a magnesium alloy in the present embodiment, and is equal in width to the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 of the first mold 10 and has a predetermined length. Sasano plate.

  The workpiece M is not limited to a magnesium alloy, and may be various metal bodies such as an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy, and an iron alloy, and is not particularly required to be a cast material or a wrought material. It may be formed by pressing a powder of metal, an intermetallic compound or the like into a flat plate shape. Note that the material to be pressure-molded does not necessarily need to be a material whose particle size and shape are adjusted, and may have any shape. For example, chip-like or powder-like debris generated when a material having a required composition is processed by grinding or the like may be used. In addition, a material other than metal may be mixed in the workpiece M, and for example, a composite material in which fullerene, carbon nanotube, silica, or the like is mixed may be used. These do not need to have crystallinity, and may be amorphous materials. Furthermore, the workpiece M does not necessarily contain a metal, and may be a polymer material such as polyethylene, a ceramic material, a piezoelectric material, or a thermoelectric material. In particular, a functional material such as a hydrogen storage alloy, a superconducting alloy, a shape memory alloy, a piezoelectric alloy, a thermoelectric alloy, etc. can be expected to significantly improve the function by applying strain.

  When the workpiece M is as thin as possible, deformation due to shear strain can be increased, and the effect of refining the metal structure can be increased. In this embodiment, the thickness of the workpiece M is about 5 mm. The thickness of the workpiece M is not limited at all, and may be a desired thickness.

  When processing the workpiece M with the strain applying apparatus A1 configured in this way, first, the workpiece M is inserted into the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 of the first mold 10, respectively, and then The second mold 20 has the ridge 22 inserted into the first groove 13 and the third mold 30 has the ridge 32 inserted into the second groove 14 so that the first mold 10 and the second mold The object 20 in the first groove 13 is sandwiched and pressed by the mold 20, and the object M in the second groove 14 is sandwiched and pressed by the first mold 10 and the third mold 30. To do.

  At this time, by pressing the pressing direction by the second mold 20 and the pressing direction by the third mold 30 on the same virtual straight line, the object M is pressed against the first mold 10. The workpiece M can be pressed without providing any pressing means. In this embodiment, each workpiece M is pressed by a hydraulic cylinder 23 connected to the second mold 20 via the rod 24 and a hydraulic cylinder 33 connected to the third mold 30 via the rod 34. However, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to only one of the molds and the mold is pressed, and the other mold is fixed and arranged so that the workpiece M can be pressed using the reaction. Also good.

  The pressing of the workpiece M by the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 through the first mold 10 is desirably a pressure of about 1.0 GPa or more.

  After the workpiece M is pressed into a required pressure state, the strain applying device A1 moves the first mold 10 in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece M by the hydraulic cylinder 15 and the second mold 20 and the third mold. Displace with respect to the mold 30. Here, the first mold 10 is not provided with a pressurizing means for pressurizing the workpiece M, and is provided only with a displacement means by the hydraulic cylinder 15, so that the displacement means is simply configured. Therefore, the first mold 10 can be easily displaced, and the displacement amount of the first mold 10 can be easily controlled.

  As the displacement amount of the first mold 10 is larger, a larger shear strain can be applied to the workpiece M, and the structure refinement effect of the workpiece M can be improved. However, in the object to be processed M, when the size of the metal structure becomes a predetermined size or less, the metal structure is further refined unless the pressurizing condition of the object to be processed M by the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 is changed. Therefore, the first mold 10 is displaced by a predetermined displacement specified by the pressurizing condition of the workpiece M by the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 and the thickness dimension of the workpiece M. Just do it. If the thickness dimension of the workpiece M is about 1 mm, the displacement amount of the first mold 10 may be at least about 10 mm. That is, the amount of displacement is preferably at least about 10 times the thickness dimension of the workpiece M, although there is material dependence.

  The first mold 10 may be displaced not only in one direction but also in the reverse direction by reversing the direction of displacement, and the first mold 10 is moved forward and backward alternately. The displacement amount of one mold 10 may be increased.

  After the first mold 10 is displaced with respect to the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 and shearing strain is applied to the workpiece M, the strain applying device A1 includes the second mold 20 and the third mold. The molds 30 are respectively retracted from the first mold 10, and the first mold 10 is retracted by the amount of displacement, and the workpiece M is pulled out from the first groove 13 and the second groove 14. Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece M is made longer than the length of the first mold 10 so that the strain applying device A1 sends the workpiece M by the amount processed. The untreated portions of the workpiece M are inserted into the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 respectively, so that the processing can be continuously performed.

  Therefore, the strain applying apparatus A1 of the present embodiment is provided, for example, in the subsequent stage of the rolling process of the metal body, and the metal structure is generated by generating shear strain on the band-shaped metal body rolled to a predetermined thickness. It is possible to efficiently produce a fine metal body.

  In addition, in the strain application apparatus A1 of this embodiment, the shear strain is applied to the workpiece M in a non-heated state. However, the first mold 10, the second mold 20, and the third mold are provided as necessary. 30 may be provided with a heating means such as a heater, and the workpiece M may be set at a predetermined temperature to apply a shear strain.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the strain applying device A2 of the second embodiment. The strain applying device A2 of the second embodiment includes a first mold 40 having a columnar shape, a second mold 50 disposed to face the peripheral surface 41 of the first mold 40, and a first mold 40. The second mold 50 and the third mold 60 are disposed so as to face each other with the first mold 40 interposed therebetween. Although not shown, the first mold 40, the second mold 50, and the third mold 60 are each supported by a required support base and can be rotated or rotated in a predetermined direction as will be described later. It is possible to move forward and backward.

  The cylindrical first mold 40 is provided with a receiving groove 42 having a concave cross section on the peripheral surface 41 in a circular shape. In this embodiment, the width dimension of the accommodation groove 42 is the same as the width dimension of the workpiece M that is a long flat plate, and the workpiece M can be disposed in the accommodation groove 42. In the present embodiment, only one housing groove 42 is provided in the first mold 40, but the housing groove 42 is not limited to one, and a plurality of housing grooves 42 may be provided.

  The first mold 40 is provided with a rotation shaft 46 at the center position, and the output shaft of the drive motor 45 is linked to the rotation shaft 46 so that the first mold 40 can be rotated around the rotation shaft 46. It is said.

  The second mold 50 is provided with a convex section 52 having a convex cross section that can be inserted into the receiving groove 42 on the facing surface 51 facing the peripheral surface 41 of the first mold 40. In the present embodiment, the facing surface 51 is a curved surface substantially along the peripheral surface 41 of the first mold 40, but the facing surface 51 does not necessarily have to be curved. On the other hand, the plane of the top of the ridge 52 is a curved surface that overlaps the curved bottom 43 of the receiving groove 42 of the first mold 40.

  Further, the rod 54 of the hydraulic cylinder 53 is connected to the second mold 50, and the second mold 50 is pushed out toward the first mold 40 by the hydraulic cylinder 53, so that the ridge 52 is formed in the receiving groove 42. The workpiece M in the housing groove 42 is sandwiched and pressed by the protruding ridges 52 so as to be pressed.

  The third mold 60 is provided with a ridge 62 having a convex cross section that can be inserted into the receiving groove 42 on the facing surface 61 facing the peripheral surface 41 of the first mold 40. In the present embodiment, the facing surface 61 is a curved surface substantially along the peripheral surface 41 of the first mold 40, but the facing surface 61 is not necessarily curved. On the other hand, the plane of the top of the ridge 62 is a curved surface that overlaps the curved bottom 43 of the receiving groove 42 of the first mold 40.

  Further, the rod 64 of the hydraulic cylinder 63 is connected to the third mold 60, and the third mold 60 is pushed out toward the first mold 40 by the hydraulic cylinder 63 so that the ridge 42 is formed in the receiving groove 42. The workpiece M in the housing groove 42 is sandwiched and pressed by the ridges 62 by being inserted.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the width dimension of the protruding strip portion 52 of the second mold 50 is substantially the same as the width dimension of the receiving groove 42 of the first mold 40, and the protruding strip portion 52 is accommodated in the receiving groove. 42 can be inserted, and the width of the protrusion 62 of the third mold 60 is substantially the same as the width of the receiving groove 42 of the first mold 40, so that the protrusion 62 can be inserted into the receiving groove 42. However, the concavo-convex shape may be reversed, and further, a concave / convex shape provided with a receiving groove on either side may be used. As described above, when the first mold 40 is provided with a plurality of receiving grooves 42, the second mold 20 and the third mold 30 have a plurality of protrusions corresponding to the number of receiving grooves 42. The shaped portions 52 and 62 are provided. Alternatively, the first mold 40, the second mold 50, and the third mold 60 are not provided with uneven shapes, and the first mold 40, the second mold 50, and the third mold 60 are respectively laterally provided. A guide mold is provided, and a concave accommodating portion for accommodating the workpiece M is formed by the guide mold and the first mold 40, the second mold 50, or the third mold 60. May be.

  Although the workpiece M processed by the strain applying device A2 is made of a magnesium alloy, as in the case of the strain applying device A1 of the first embodiment, the workpiece M is subjected to structural characteristics and / or by applying strain. What is necessary is just to contain the structure | tissue which a functional characteristic improves, and it should just become the flat body of the predetermined length by the width dimension of the accommodation groove | channel 42 of the 1st metal mold | die 10, and equal width.

  When the workpiece M is processed by the strain applying device A2 configured as described above, first, the housing groove 42 between the first mold 40 and the second mold 50, the first mold 40, and the first mold 40 are used. The workpieces M are respectively inserted into the receiving grooves 42 between the three molds 60, and then the protruding strips 52 of the second mold 50 are inserted into the receiving grooves 42, and the protruding strips of the third mold 60 are also inserted. 62 is inserted into the receiving groove 42, the workpiece M in the receiving groove 42 is sandwiched and pressed by the first mold 40 and the second mold 50, and the first mold 40 and the third mold are pressed. 60, the workpiece M in the receiving groove 42 is sandwiched and pressed.

  At this time, by pressing the pressing direction by the second mold 50 and the pressing direction by the third mold 60 on the same virtual straight line, the object M is pressed against the first mold 40. The workpiece M can be pressed without providing any pressing means. Further, the hydraulic cylinders 53 and 63 are not provided in the second mold 50 and the third mold 60, respectively, but the workpieces M may be pressed while using only one of them and utilizing the reaction. .

  The pressure of the workpiece M by the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 through the first mold 40 is preferably not less than about 1.0 GPa.

  After the workpiece M is pressed to a required pressure state, the strain applying device A2 rotates the first mold 40 by the drive motor 45, thereby changing the first mold 40 to the second mold 50 and the second mold 50. The third mold 60 is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece M. Here, the first mold 40 is not provided with a pressurizing means for pressurizing the workpiece M, and is provided with only a displacement means by the drive motor 45, whereby the displacement means is simply configured. Therefore, the first mold 40 can be easily displaced, and the displacement amount of the first mold 40 can be easily controlled.

  In the object to be processed M, when the size of the structure of the object to be processed M becomes a predetermined size or less, the metal structure is further increased unless the pressurizing condition of the object to be processed M by the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 is changed. Since the miniaturization cannot be performed, the first mold 40 is moved by a predetermined amount of displacement specified from the pressurizing condition of the workpiece M by the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 and the thickness dimension of the workpiece M. It is only necessary to displace it.

  In the strain applying apparatus A2 of this embodiment, the displacement amount with respect to the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 can be adjusted only by adjusting the rotation amount of the first mold 40, and the first mold 40 is required. Since the amount of displacement can be increased by rotating as much as possible, there is no upper limit to the amount of displacement, and an arbitrary displacement can be generated to apply a required shear strain to the workpiece M. The first mold 40 may be rotated not only in one direction but also in the reverse direction, and the displacement amount may be increased by alternately rotating the first mold 40 forward and backward. .

  In particular, when the thickness dimension of the workpiece M increases, it is necessary to displace the first mold 40 with respect to the second mold 50 and the third mold 60. It can be easily handled only by controlling, and the metal structure of the thick workpiece M can be refined.

  After the first mold 10 is rotated by a predetermined angle with respect to the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 to apply a shear strain to the workpiece M, the strain applying device A2 includes the second mold 50. And the 3rd metal mold | die 60 is each retracted | retreated from the 1st metal mold | die 40, and the to-be-processed object M is each pulled out from the accommodation groove | channel 42. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the object to be processed M is made longer than the lengths of the second mold 50 and the third mold 60, so that the strain applying device A2 is processed by the amount processed. The object to be processed M is sent, and unprocessed portions of the object to be processed M are respectively inserted into the receiving grooves 42 so as to be continuously processed.

  Alternatively, the object to be processed M is disposed in the housing groove 42 portion in a single rotation so as to have a length that can be disposed in the housing groove 42 portion of the first mold 40 in a single rotation. The metal structure may be refined by applying shear strain to the workpiece M while sequentially shifting the holding positions by the second mold 50 and the third mold 60. Alternatively, by covering the entire circumference of the first mold 40 with the second mold 50 and the third mold 60, the workpiece M is sandwiched over the entire circumference of the first mold 40, so that the first The metal structure may be refined by continuously rotating the mold 40 and applying shear strain to the workpiece M.

  In this case, not only the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 but also the second mold 50 and the third mold 60 around the first mold 40 are used as molds for pressing the workpiece M. For example, the first mold 40 may be rotated while pressurizing the entire workpiece M evenly.

  Even in the strain applying apparatus A2 of the present embodiment, the shearing strain is applied to the workpiece M in the non-heated state, but the first mold 40, the second mold 50, and the third mold 60 are applied as necessary. May be provided with heating means such as a heater, and the workpiece M may be subjected to shear strain at a predetermined temperature.

  As described above, in the strain applying devices A1 and A2, the first metal that sandwiches the workpiece M with the workpiece M as a longitudinal flat plate and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece M as the clamping direction. By displacing the molds 10, 40 in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece M with respect to the second mold 20, 50 and the third mold 30, 60, and applying shear strain to the workpiece M, the workpiece Since the shear strain can be applied uniformly to M, not only the metal structure in the workpiece M can be uniformly refined, but also the structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics of the tissue in the workpiece M can be made uniform. It can be expected to improve.

  In particular, in the strain applying devices A1 and A2, the second mold 20, 50 and the third mold 30, 60 are arranged to face each other with the first mold 10, 40 interposed therebetween, and the second mold 20, 50 is arranged. And the third molds 30 and 60 are respectively pushed toward the first molds 10 and 40, so that the first molds 10 and 40 do not need to be provided with pressing means for pressing the workpiece M. Since only the displacement means for displacing the first molds 10, 40 in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece M need be provided, the structure of the strain applying devices A1, A2 is simplified, and the low cost strain applying devices A1, A2 are used. Can provide.

  Further, as in the strain applying device A2 of the second embodiment, the first mold 40 is formed in a columnar shape, and the peripheral surface portion of the first mold 40 is used as a pressing surface. The strain applying device A2 can be provided which can make the displacement amount infinitely large and can apply a very large shear strain to the workpiece M while being compact.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the strain applying device A3 of the third embodiment. The strain applying apparatus A3 of the third embodiment has the same basic configuration as the strain applying apparatus A2 of the second embodiment, but the strain applying apparatus A2 of the second embodiment applies strain to the workpiece M in a batch process. In contrast to the addition, strain can be applied continuously.

  In the strain applying apparatus A3 of the third embodiment, a first mold 40 ′ having a cylindrical shape, a second mold 50 ′ disposed to face the peripheral surface 41 ′ of the first mold 40 ′, and a first mold 40 ′. A third mold 60 ′ is provided so as to face the peripheral surface 41 ′ of one mold 40 ′, and the second mold 50 ′ and the third mold 60 ′ sandwich the first mold 40 ′. They are placed facing each other. Although not shown, the first mold 40 ', the second mold 50', and the third mold 60 'are each supported by a required support base, and can be rotated as described later. It is possible to move forward and backward in a predetermined direction. In this embodiment, a pair of two molds, a second mold 50 ′ and a third mold 60 ′, are provided so as to face each other with the first mold 40 ′ interposed therebetween. A plurality of sets of two molds arranged to face each other across 40 ′ may be provided.

  The first mold 40 'having a cylindrical shape is provided with a concave portion 42' having a concave cross section on the peripheral surface 41 'in a spiral shape. In this embodiment, the width dimension of the recess 42 'is the same as the width dimension of the workpiece M that is a long flat plate, and the workpiece M can be disposed in the recess 42'.

  The first mold 40 is provided with a rotation shaft 46 'at the center position. The output shaft of the drive motor 45' is linked to the rotation shaft 46 'so that the first mold 40' is connected to the rotation shaft 46. 'It can rotate around.

  The second mold 50 ′ is provided with a facing surface 51 ′ that is recessed in a circumferential shape facing the peripheral surface 41 ′ of the first mold 40 ′. The facing surface 51 ′ is a uniform curved surface substantially along the peripheral surface 41 ′ of the first mold 40 ′. In particular, the facing surface 51 ′ is a uniform curved surface with a region facing the portion of the recess 42 ′ of the first mold 40 ′ and a region facing the portion other than the recess 42 ′ as a continuous surface.

  Further, the rod 54 ′ of the hydraulic cylinder 53 ′ is connected to the second mold 50 ′, and the second mold 50 ′ is pushed out toward the first mold 40 ′ by the hydraulic cylinder 53 ′ to face the opposing surface 51. 'Is brought into contact with the peripheral surface 41' of the first mold 40 ', so that the workpiece M disposed in the recess 42' of the first mold 40 'is moved to the second mold 50' and the first mold. It can be pressed between the molds 40 '.

  The third mold 60 ′ is provided with a facing surface 61 ′ that is recessed in a circumferential shape to face the peripheral surface 41 ′ of the first mold 40 ′. The facing surface 61 ′ is a uniform curved surface substantially along the peripheral surface 41 ′ of the first mold 40 ′. In particular, the facing surface 61 ′ is a uniform curved surface with a region facing the concave portion 42 ′ of the first mold 40 ′ and a region facing the portion other than the concave portion 42 ′ as a continuous surface.

  Further, the rod 64 ′ of the hydraulic cylinder 63 ′ is connected to the third mold 60 ′, and the third mold 60 ′ is pushed out toward the first mold 40 ′ by the hydraulic cylinder 63 ′ to face the opposing surface 61. 'Is brought into contact with the peripheral surface 41' of the first mold 40 ', so that the workpiece M disposed in the recess 42' of the first mold 40 'is moved to the third mold 50' and the first mold. It can be pressed between the molds 40 '.

  When the workpiece M is processed by the strain applying device A3 configured as described above, first, the workpiece M is inserted into the spiral recess 42 'provided in the first mold 40', and the first workpiece is inserted. Wrapping around the mold 40 ′, the first mold 40 ′ and the second mold 50 ′ sandwich and press the workpiece M in the recess 42 ′, and the first mold 40 ′ and the third mold The object to be processed M in the recess 42 'is sandwiched and pressed by 60'.

  At this time, by setting the pressing direction by the second mold 50 ′ and the pressing direction by the third mold 60 ′ to be opposite to each other on the same virtual straight line, the first mold 40 ′ has an object to be processed. The workpiece M can be pressed without any pressing means for pressing M. Further, the hydraulic cylinders 53 ′ and 63 ′ are not provided in the second mold 50 ′ and the third mold 60 ′, but are provided only in one of them, and the workpiece M is pressed while utilizing the reaction. May be.

  The pressing of the workpiece M by the second mold 50 ′ and the third mold 60 ′ through the first mold 40 ′ is preferably at a pressure of about 1.0 GPa or more.

  After the workpiece M is pressed to a required pressure state, the strain applying device A3 rotates the first mold 40 ′ by the drive motor 45 ′, thereby changing the first mold 40 ′ to the second mold. The workpiece 50 is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece M relative to the mold 50 'and the third mold 60'. Here, the first mold 40 ′ is not provided with a pressurizing means for pressurizing the workpiece M, but is provided only with a displacement means by the drive motor 45 ′, thereby simplifying the displacement means. The first mold 40 'can be easily displaced.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the workpiece M is in a state of being spirally wound around the first mold 40 ′, and rotating the first mold 40 ′ allows the workpiece M to be processed. The to-be-processed object M can be continuously sent by producing the entrainment action to the first mold 40 '.

  In particular, in the second mold 50 ′ and the third mold 60 ′, the opposing surfaces 51 ′ and 61 ′ opposed to the peripheral surface 41 ′ of the first mold 40 ′ are formed as uniform circumferential curved surfaces. Therefore, the second mold 50 ′ and the third mold 60 ′ are not moved by the rotating first mold 40 ′, and can remain in a predetermined position. Therefore, continuous processing of the workpiece M can be performed.

  Even in the strain applying device A3 of this embodiment, the shearing strain is applied to the workpiece M under non-heated condition, but the first mold 40 ', the second mold 50', and the third mold are used as necessary. 60 'may be provided with a heating means such as a heater, and the workpiece M may be subjected to a predetermined strain and a shear strain may be applied.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the first mold 70 used in the strain applying device A4 of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the strain applying device A4 of the fourth embodiment holds the object to be processed between the first mold 70 and the second mold 80 arranged to face each other and presses the first object while pressing it. Either one of the mold 70 and the second mold 80 is rotated, or both are rotated in opposite directions, thereby straining the workpiece.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the first mold 70 has a ring shape in which the object to be processed is inserted into the clamping surface 71 that faces the second mold 80 and clamps the object to be processed. A plurality of ring-shaped recesses 72 are provided concentrically with each other. In the present embodiment, three ring-shaped recesses 72 of a first ring-shaped recess 72-1, a second ring-shaped recess 72-2, and a third ring-shaped recess 72-3 are provided from the center side. The ring-shaped recess 72 is not limited to three and may be three or more.

  Further, a central recess 73 recessed in a circular shape is provided inside the first ring-shaped recess 72-1.

  Although not shown, in the present embodiment, the first mold 70 is driven to rotate the first mold 70 around a rotation axis passing through the centers of the first to third ring-shaped recesses 72-1 to 72-3. Is provided. The processing object inserted into the first to third ring-shaped concave portions 72-1 to 7-3 by rotating the first mold 70 around the rotation axis passing through the centers of the first to third ring-shaped concave portions 72-1 to 72-3. The object is displaced in the longitudinal direction.

  In the present embodiment, the second mold 80 has the same structure as the first mold 70, and the second mold 80 faces the first mold 70 and sandwiches a workpiece 81. The three ring-shaped recesses 82, the first ring-shaped recess 82-1, the second ring-shaped recess 82-2, and the third ring-shaped recess 82-3 are respectively provided concentrically. Yes. Furthermore, a central recess 83 recessed in a circular shape is provided inside the first ring-shaped recess 82-1.

  The first to third ring-shaped recesses 72-1 to 7-3 of the first mold 70 and the first to third ring-shaped recesses 82-1 to 8-3 of the second mold 80 are opposed to each other as shown in FIG. ing. Note that it is not necessary to provide the ring-shaped concave portions 72 and 82 in both the first mold 70 and the second mold 80 so as to face each other, and one of them may be planar or convex.

  Although not shown, in the present embodiment, the second mold 80 is attached to a pressurizing device that abuts and presses the second mold 80 against the first mold 70.

  When the workpiece M is processed by the strain applying device A4 configured as described above, first, the first to third ring-shaped recesses 72-1 to 7-3 and the center recess 73 of the first mold 70 are respectively provided. A ring-shaped workpiece and a disk-shaped workpiece are inserted, each workpiece is sandwiched and pressed between the first mold 70 and the second mold 80, and the first mold 70 is moved. By rotating with respect to the second mold 80, strain is applied to each workpiece.

  As described above, when strain is applied to the workpiece by rotation, since a large strain acts as the distance from the rotation axis increases, the strain is applied to the workpiece near the rotation axis and the workpiece far from the rotation axis. The magnitude of strain is different.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the depth dimension of the concave portions of the ring-shaped concave portions 72 and 82 located on the outer side is larger than the depth dimension of the concave portions of the ring-shaped concave portions 72 and 82 positioned on the inner side. By increasing the size, it is possible to reduce the magnitude of strain applied to the workpiece far from the rotation axis. Therefore, it can be expected that the difference in the magnitude of strain applied to the workpieces in the ring-shaped recesses 72 and 82 can be reduced and the magnitude of strain applied to the workpieces can be made uniform.

  The depth of the concave portions of the ring-shaped concave portions 72 and 82 is not necessarily shallow inside and does not need to be deep outside, and conversely, the inside may be deep and the outside may be shallow, or all may be the same depth. It is good.

  Further, when one of the clamping surface 71 of the first mold 70 and the clamping surface 81 of the second mold 80 is a flat surface, ring-shaped recesses 72 and 82 provided on the other clamping surface 71 and 81 are provided. It may be spiral.

  The driving unit 17 that rotates the first mold 70 enables forward rotation that rotates the first mold 70 in one direction and reverse rotation that rotates the first mold 70 in one direction. Can be switched alternately.

  After the first mold 70 is rotated to strain the object to be processed, the second mold 80 is separated from the first mold 70 and the object to be processed is taken out.

  When strain is applied to the object to be processed using the ring-shaped recesses 72 and 82 as described above, the ring-shaped recesses 72 and 82 may have a dimensional shape in consideration of the shape after processing. For example, the ring-shaped recesses 72 and 82 By forming a narrow groove, a wire such as a wire can be formed by the strain applying device A4 of the present embodiment.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 4th Embodiment. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the distortion application apparatus of 4th Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

M workpiece
A1, A2 strain applicator
10,40 1st mold
20,50 Second mold
30,60 3rd mold
11 First facing surface
12 Second facing surface
13 1st groove
14 Second groove
15 Hydraulic cylinder
16 rod
21,31 Opposite surface
22,32 Projection
23,33 Hydraulic cylinder
24,34 rod
41 Circumference
42 receiving groove
43 Bottom
45 Drive motor
46 Rotation axis
51,61 Opposite surface
52,62 ridge
53,63 Hydraulic cylinder
54,64 rods

Claims (8)

A workpiece having a structure whose structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain is sandwiched between at least two molds, and one mold holding the workpiece is clamped with respect to the other mold. In the strain applying method for improving the structural characteristics and / or the functional characteristics by applying a shear strain to the object to be processed,
The object to be processed is a longitudinal flat plate, and one mold holding the object to be processed is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the object to be processed with the thickness direction of the object to be processed being the holding direction. Strain application method. A second mold and a third mold disposed opposite to each other across the first mold;
The workpiece is sandwiched between the first mold and the second mold, the workpiece is sandwiched between the first mold and the third mold, and the first mold is The strain applying method according to claim 1, wherein the strain is displaced with respect to the second mold and the third mold. A workpiece having a structure whose structural characteristics and / or functional characteristics are improved by applying strain is sandwiched between at least two molds, and one mold holding the workpiece is clamped with respect to the other mold. In the strain applying device that improves the structural characteristics and / or the functional characteristics by applying a shear strain to the object to be processed,
Disposing the mold with the thickness direction of the object to be processed as a longitudinal flat plate as the clamping direction, and displacing one mold holding the object to be processed in the longitudinal direction of the object to be processed Characteristic strain applying device. A first mold, and a second mold and a third mold arranged to face each other with the first mold interposed therebetween, and the workpiece to be processed by the first mold and the second mold. And sandwiching the workpiece between the first mold and the third mold,
The strain applying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first mold is displaced with respect to the second mold and the third mold.   The first mold is a cylindrical body, the object to be processed is sandwiched with the second mold or the third mold on a peripheral surface, and the first mold is rotated to rotate the second mold and the The strain applying device according to claim 4, wherein the strain applying device is displaced with respect to the third mold.   The peripheral surface of the first mold is provided with a recess into which the workpiece is inserted, and the opposing surface facing the recess portion in the second mold and the third mold is an opposing surface other than the recess. The strain applying device according to claim 5, wherein the strain applying device is flush.   The strain applying device according to claim 6, wherein the concave portion is provided in a spiral shape on a peripheral surface of the first mold. A first mold and a second mold sandwiching the object to be processed are arranged opposite to each other;
A plurality of ring-shaped recesses into which the object to be processed is inserted are provided concentrically on at least one of the clamping surfaces of the object to be processed of the first mold and the second mold,
The strain applying device according to claim 3, wherein the depth dimension of the ring-shaped recess located on the outer side is larger than the depth dimension of the ring-shaped recess positioned on the inner side.

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