JP5260326B2 - 周囲空気を用いたlngの連続的再ガス化 - Google Patents
周囲空気を用いたlngの連続的再ガス化 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5260326B2 JP5260326B2 JP2008558587A JP2008558587A JP5260326B2 JP 5260326 B2 JP5260326 B2 JP 5260326B2 JP 2008558587 A JP2008558587 A JP 2008558587A JP 2008558587 A JP2008558587 A JP 2008558587A JP 5260326 B2 JP5260326 B2 JP 5260326B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ambient air
- intermediate fluid
- air heater
- lng
- heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 title claims description 130
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 alkali metal formate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical group [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 73
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 19
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/10—Arrangements for preventing freezing
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
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Description
本願は、2006年3月15日に出願された「LNGの船上再ガス化」(Onboard Regasification of LNG)と題する米国特許仮出願Serial No.60/782,282、及び2007年2月16日に出願された標準米国特許出願Serial No.11/675,651の優先権を主張するものである。上に記載した特許出願の夫々の開示は参考のため全体的にここに入れてある。
本発明は、気化のための主要熱源として周囲空気に依存し、実質的に連続方式で操作することができる液化天然ガス(LNG)再ガス化のための方法及び装置に関する。
天然ガスは、石炭又は油のいずれよりも生ずる排気物及び汚染物質が少ないので、最もクリーンな燃焼用石化燃料である。天然ガス(NG)は、「液化天然ガス(LNG)」として液体状態で或る場所から別の場所へ輸送されるのが慣例である。天然ガスの液化は、LNGが、同じ量の天然ガスがそのガス状態で占める体積の約 1/600しか占めないので輸送するのに一層経済的である。或る場所から別の場所へのLNGの輸送は、「LNGC」と呼ばれている低温貯蔵能力を有する二重船郭海洋航行船舶を用いて達成されるのが最も一般的である。LNGは、LNGC船上低温貯蔵タンク中に入れて貯蔵されるのが典型的であり、その貯蔵タンクは、大気圧か又はそれより僅かに高い圧力で操作される。現存するLNGCの大部分は、120,000m3〜150,000m3の範囲の大きさのLNG積み荷貯蔵容量を有し、或るLNGCは、264,000m3までの貯蔵容量を有する。
本発明の第一の態様に従い、LNGを再ガス化して天然ガスを形成する方法において:
(a) 気化器と周囲空気ヒーターとの間に中間的流体を循環させ、前記中間的流体が前記周囲空気ヒーターを通過する間に前記周囲空気との熱交換により前記中間的流体を暖め、前記中間的流体が前記気化器を通過する間にLNGとの熱交換により前記中間的流体を冷却する工程;及び
(b) 前記周囲空気ヒーターへ供給された前記中間的流体の温度を、補助熱源を用いて0℃より高い温度へ間欠的に調節することにより、前記周囲空気ヒーターを霜取りサイクルに掛ける工程;
を含む方法が与えられる。
LNGを天然ガスへ再ガス化するための気化器;
主要な熱源として周囲空気を用いて中間的流体を加熱するための周囲空気ヒーター;
気化器と周囲空気ヒーターとの間に中間的流体を循環させ、前記中間的流体が前記周囲空気ヒーターを通過する間に前記周囲空気との熱交換により前記中間的流体を暖め、前記中間的流体が前記気化器を通過する間にLNGとの熱交換により前記中間的流体を冷却するための循環用ポンプ;及び
前記周囲空気ヒーターへ供給された前記中間的流体の温度を、補助熱源を用いて0℃より高い温度へ調節し、前記周囲空気ヒーターを霜取りサイクルに掛けるための制御機構;
を含む再ガス化施設が与えられる。
気化するための主要熱源として周囲空気を用いてLNGを再ガス化するための方法及び装置の特別の態様を次に記述するが、LNG運搬船の船上でのLNGの沖合再ガス化の特別な言及は、単なる例としてのものである。本発明は、陸上再ガス化施設で使用するために、或は固定沖合プラットホーム又ははしけで使用するためにも、同様に適用することができる。
Claims (18)
- LNGを再ガス化して天然ガスを形成する方法において:
(a) 気化器と周囲空気ヒーターとの間に中間的流体を循環させ、前記中間的流体が前記周囲空気ヒーターを通過する間に前記周囲空気との熱交換により前記中間的流体を暖め、前記中間的流体が前記気化器を通過する間にLNGとの熱交換により前記中間的流体を冷却する工程;及び
(b) 前記周囲空気ヒーターへ供給された前記中間的流体の温度を、補助熱源を用いて0℃より高い温度へ間欠的に調節することにより、前記周囲空気ヒーターを霜取りサイクルに掛ける工程;
を含み、
前記周囲空気ヒーターが、中間的流体の温度が0℃より高い場合、中間的流体と熱交換するための水平管束を含み、中間的流体の温度が0℃より低く低下した場合、中間的流体と熱交換するための垂直管束を含む、再ガス化方法。 - 工程(b)を周囲空気ヒーターより下流で行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 補助熱源が、排気ガスヒーター、電気による水又は流体ヒーター、船の推進ユニット、ディーゼルエンジン、ガスタービン推進プラント、及び発電プラントからの排気ガス流からなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- LNGの再ガス化をLNG運搬船の船上で行い、補助熱源がLNG運搬船のエンジンから回収した熱である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 周囲空気ヒーター中の周囲空気と中間的流体との間の熱交換を、強制通風扇風機を使用することにより促進する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 中間的流体が、グリコール、グリコール・水混合物、メタノール、プロパノール、プロパン、ブタン、アンモニア、ホルメート、淡水及び軟水、からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 中間的流体が、アルカリ金属蟻酸塩又はアルカリ金属酢酸塩を含む溶液を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルカリ金属蟻酸塩が、蟻酸カリウム、蟻酸ナトリウム、又は蟻酸アンモニウム水溶液である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- アルカリ金属酢酸塩が、酢酸カリウム又は酢酸アンモニウムである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 周囲空気ヒーターが複数の周囲空気ヒーターの一つであり、工程(b)が複数の周囲空気ヒーターの各々で順次行われる、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 周囲空気ヒーター中の周囲空気と中間的流体との間の熱交換が、強制通風扇風機を使用することにより促進され、水平管束が、垂直管束の上に強制通風扇風機に一層近接して存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- LNGを再ガス化して天然ガスを形成するための再ガス化施設において、その装置が:
LNGを天然ガスへ再ガス化するための気化器;
主要な熱源として周囲空気を用いて中間的流体を加熱するための周囲空気ヒーターであって、中間的流体の温度が0℃より高い場合、中間的流体と熱交換するための水平管束と、中間的流体の温度が0℃より低く低下した場合、中間的流体と熱交換するための垂直管束を含む前記周囲空気ヒーター;
気化器と周囲空気ヒーターとの間に中間的流体を循環させ、前記中間的流体が前記周囲空気ヒーターを通過する間に前記周囲空気との熱交換により前記中間的流体を暖め、前記中間的流体が前記気化器を通過する間にLNGとの熱交換により前記中間的流体を冷却するための循環用ポンプ;及び
前記周囲空気ヒーターへ供給された前記中間的流体の温度を、補助熱源を用いて0℃より高い温度へ調節し、前記周囲空気ヒーター霜取りサイクルに掛けるための制御機構;
を含む、装置。 - 補助熱源が周囲空気ヒーターより下流に位置する、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 補助熱源が、排気ガスヒーター、電気による水又は流体ヒーター、船の推進ユニット、ディーゼルエンジン、ガスタービン推進プラント、及び発電プラントからの排気ガス流、からなる群から選択される、請求項12又は13に記載の装置。
- 再ガス化施設が、LNG運搬船の船上に配置され、補助熱源がLNG運搬船のエンジンから回収した熱である、請求項12〜14のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 更に、周囲空気ヒーター中での周囲空気と中間的流体との間の熱交換を促進するための強制通風扇風機を含む、請求項12〜15のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 周囲空気ヒーターが複数の周囲空気ヒーターの一つであり、制御機構が、複数の周囲空気ヒーターの各々を順次霜取りサイクルに掛けるように構成されている、請求項12〜16のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 周囲空気ヒーター中の周囲空気と中間的流体との間の熱交換を、強制通風扇風機を使用することにより促進し、水平管束が、垂直管束の上に強制通風扇風機に一層近接して存在する、請求項12に記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US78228206P | 2006-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | |
US60/782,282 | 2006-03-15 | ||
US11/675,651 | 2007-02-16 | ||
US11/675,651 US8069677B2 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-02-16 | Regasification of LNG using ambient air and supplemental heat |
PCT/AU2007/000224 WO2007104076A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-02-28 | Continuous regasification of lng using ambient air |
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JP2009529630A JP2009529630A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
JP5260326B2 true JP5260326B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
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JP2008558587A Active JP5260326B2 (ja) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-02-28 | 周囲空気を用いたlngの連続的再ガス化 |
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US (1) | US8069677B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2005055A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5260326B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101363998B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007224990B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007104076A1 (ja) |
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-
2007
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- 2007-02-28 KR KR1020087022689A patent/KR101363998B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-02-28 AU AU2007224990A patent/AU2007224990B2/en active Active
- 2007-02-28 JP JP2008558587A patent/JP5260326B2/ja active Active
- 2007-02-28 EP EP07701551.9A patent/EP2005055A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US8069677B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
AU2007224990A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
JP2009529630A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
EP2005055A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
KR101363998B1 (ko) | 2014-02-26 |
EP2005055A4 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
KR20080113030A (ko) | 2008-12-26 |
US20070214806A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
WO2007104076A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
AU2007224990B2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
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