JP5259709B2 - 完全な外形を有する一体型翼構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents

完全な外形を有する一体型翼構造体の製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP5259709B2
JP5259709B2 JP2010515632A JP2010515632A JP5259709B2 JP 5259709 B2 JP5259709 B2 JP 5259709B2 JP 2010515632 A JP2010515632 A JP 2010515632A JP 2010515632 A JP2010515632 A JP 2010515632A JP 5259709 B2 JP5259709 B2 JP 5259709B2
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raw
skin
wedge
wing structure
spar
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JP2010533098A (ja
Inventor
ヴィンチェンツォ・デ・ヴィタ
サバト・インセッラ・イムパラト
ジョヴァンニ・ランフランコ
ニコラ・ミアーニ
ジョヴァンニ・サニェッラ
マッシモ・リッチョ
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Alenia Aermacchi SpA
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Alenia Aermacchi SpA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/345Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • B29C66/12822Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments comprising at least three overlap joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
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    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B29C66/12842Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments comprising at least three butt joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/725General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs
    • B29C66/7254General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs honeycomb structures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B29C66/73752General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • B29K2105/246Uncured, e.g. green
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2707/00Use of elements other than metals for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2707/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076Aircrafts
    • B29L2031/3085Wings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/60Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
    • B29L2031/608Honeycomb structures
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
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Description

本発明は、請求項1の前提部で特定された特徴を有する翼構造体の製造方法に関する。
この種の方法の例はEP0582160号に記載されている。この方法の目標は、複合材料の構造部品を製作することであり、熱硬化性樹脂で予備含浸されたガラス繊維、炭素繊維等の繊維材料を最初の材料として用いる。この予備含浸された材料は、工程の必要性に応じた形状を有するレイアップ装置上に層状に堆積される。特にEP0582160号には一体型の箱形構造体を製造する方法が記載されており、生の、すなわち未重合の予備含浸材料のパネルがやはり生の予備含浸材料から形成された強化要素又は翼桁[スパー]によって組み立てられ、シェル構造体内で(すなわち閉じた金型内で)このように形成された構造体は、その後、予備含浸材料の樹脂を重合させるサイクルで圧力釜[オートクレーブ]に導入される。
この方法は、複数翼桁を持つ翼の中央箱のような翼構造体の製造に適している。翼構造体の前縁部及び後縁部は、その後機械的に取り付けられる。
この種の方法は、機械的な組み立て作業の数を減らし、その結果製造費用と機械的接続部材による重量増加を減らし、きれいな(換言すれば、接続部材がない)空気力学的表面とすることができる。更に、金属部の存在による稼働中の構造疲労と腐食の危険性は、この方法で生産される部分では減少する。
WO2004/000643A号及びUS6743504B1号は、請求項1の前提部に記載された製造方法を開示している。
本発明の目的は、上記効果を最大にするため、機械的組み立て作業の数を更に減らした一体型翼構造体の製造方法を提供することである。
したがって、本発明は、請求項1に記載した特徴を有する翼構造体の製造方法を提案する。
この方法は、複合材料のパネル、翼桁(中間リブのないもの)、前縁部及び後縁部を閉じた金型内での全構造体重合工程によって一体型ユニットにするために用いることができる。これによって、完全な外形[インテグラル・プロファイル]を有する翼構造体、換言すれば多数翼桁の耐力箱と統合された前縁部及び後縁部で形成されたものを生産する。これにより、これらの要素の機械的組み立てに関連する全作業を最小限に減らし、その結果製造費用及び重量の面で効果を生じる。更に、外形を正確に決定する装置における接続部材の大幅な減少並びに箱構造体、前縁部及び後縁部の統合により、部品の抗力を、また恐らくレーダー識別特性を大きく減少する。
本発明の好適な実施形態は、従属請求項で規定されている。
また、本発明は、本発明の方法で生産した翼構造体を提案する。
ここで、好適であるが非限定的な本発明の幾つかの実施形態について、以下のような添付図面を参照して説明する。
本発明の方法で作成された小翼[ウィングレット、翼端小翼]構造体の簡略平面図を示す。 図1の構造体の簡略断面図を示す。 上部金型半体上に置いた、図1の構造体の下面外板[スキン]部の簡略断面図を示す。 下部金型半体上に置いた、図1の構造体の上面外板部の簡略断面図を示す。 図1の構造体外板における蜂巣構造を有する補強要素の簡略平面図を示す。 準備段階における図5の補強要素を示す概略断面図である。 図5に示した種類の補強要素を挿入した図4の上面外板部の簡略断面図を示す。 成形装置上に置いた図1の構造体の前縁部の簡略断面図を示す。 図1の構造体の翼桁の詳細断面図を示す。 図9の翼桁の製造段階を示す。 図1の構造体の前縁部領域を拡大した部分断面図を示す。 図1の構造体の後縁部領域の部分概略断面図を示す。 重合サイクルで閉じられた金型内にある図1の構造体を示す。 図1の構造体の一部のXIV−XIV線に沿った拡大部分断面図を示す。
図1及び2は、本発明の方法により生産される翼構造体10を示す。本発明に関しては、用語「翼」は、翼の形状をした任意の空気力学要素を意味し、例えば実際の翼、安定板、小翼[ウィングレット、翼端小翼]、方向舵等である。
しかしながら、簡単にするために以下の説明では小翼について述べる。そうすると、小翼構造体10は、下面外板[スキン]部21、その上方に位置する上面外板部22並びに下面外板部21と上面外板部22をその端部で結合し構造体10の外形を形成する前縁部23及び後縁部24から形成される外側外板20を含む。
小翼構造体10は、多数翼桁型であり、そのため、構造体10の延長方向に延び、下面外板部21と上面外板部22を結合して箱形構造体を形成する複数の翼桁30をも含む。
後縁の外板部24の位置では、下面外板部21と上面外板部22が発泡プラスチック材料の楔状物体40で結合されている。
側外板20及び翼桁30全体は、以下で説明する手順を用い、予備含浸材料の層を結合して生産する。好適には、予備含浸材料は、炭素繊維強化エポキシ樹脂を母材とする。本発明では、用語「予備含浸材料」は、従来通りに強化繊維とこの繊維を埋め込む樹脂母材とを含む半製品を意味する。繊維は、種々の配置を取ることができ、例えば一つの一方向性の層内、相互に異なる向きを有する2つの層内、又は織物の形態である。予備含浸材料は、一般にテープ形状であり、リールに巻かれている。

したがって、予備含浸材料は、構造体10の種々の部品の調製のために予め必要な大きさに切断される。
図3、4、7及び13は、シェル型の装置50を示しており、構造体10を製造するための第1及び第2の金型半体51及び52を含んでいる。予備含浸材料を堆積する段階では、第2金型半体52は、図3に示されているように、上方に面するよう位置している。続く重合段階では、第2金型半体52は、図13に示されているように、反転されて第1金型半体51の上に位置する。特に金型51と52を接合する線は、不連続を生じないよう十分正確でなければならず、これにより段差の全くない制御された空気力学的表面を生じる。シェル装置10は、本明細書の最初に挙げたEP0582160号の教示に従って製作される。
金型半体51及び52は、その上に置かれた材料に所望の外形を付与するような形状であり、そのため、これらは対応する金型表面51a及び52aを有し、それぞれ上面外板部22及び下面外板部21に付与すべき所望形状が複製されている。
金型半体51及び52、特に金型表面51a及び52aは、従来通り温度・湿度制御下のクリーンルームで使用され、複数層の予備含浸材料の連続的堆積(積み上げ)により層状構造体を生産するよう設計されている。具体的には、上面外板部22は金型表面51a上で形成され、他方下面外板部21は他の金型表面52a上で形成される。
したがって、金型表面51a及び52aは、重合サイクルの最後に金型表面51a及び52aから完成品が容易に離脱するよう、離型材処理をするか、又は離型フィルムで覆わねばならない。
強靱性を最大化しながら重量を最小化するため、下面外板部21と上面外板部22は、図1、5ないし7及び14に示されているように、蜂巣構造材料の補強要素60で形成された芯を持つサンドイッチ構成にされる。蜂巣材料は、Nomex(登録商標)、例えばアメリカ合衆国コネチカット州スタンフォードのHexcel社製HRH−10から製作することが好ましい。
図1は、下面外板21及び上面外板22における補強要素60の配置を示している。この補強部材60は、最大負荷を受ける領域に配置される。図示の例では、補強要素60は種々の大きさを有し、数は4個であり、平面図では隣接する翼桁30の間に入っている。補強要素60は、蜂巣材料を機械加工して生産し、図5に示されているような台形断面を有する本体61を得る。
補強要素60を形成するNomex(登録商標)蜂巣材料は構造体10の最終重合サイクルで用いる圧力に耐えることができないので、予め安定化処理を受ける。この安定化処理では、図6に示されているように、サンドイッチ構造を形成し、エポキシ接着剤フィルム63、予備含浸炭素繊維布層62及び剥離可能布層65が本体61の上面61a及び下面61bに堆積される。
このサンドイッチ構造は、真空バッグを有する圧力釜で安定化重合サイクルに置かれ、予備含浸炭素繊維布層62の蜂巣本体61への接着を安定化する。上記材料に対する適当なサイクルの一例では、サンドイッチは、60ないし90分間、温度180゜C及び圧力3barに保たれる。
また、サンドイッチ構造体の重合・安定化構造への準備は、従来通り、周辺に通気用材料(乾燥したガラス繊維)64の細片を用いて炭素繊維布層62をレイアップ装置(不図示)に固着すること及び外部の剥離可能布層65の利用を含む。当然のことながら、この固着を別の手順で行うことができ、例えば「グリット細片」(固着ストリップ)手順を用い、金属細片を金型に固定し、この細片表面が粗い領域を有し、予備含浸布がこれに固着されるようにする。
このように安定化を行い、次に補強要素60を切断して整え、図1及び上面外板部22のみを示している図7のように、上面外板部22及び下面外板部21の内部へ移すことができるようにする。このため、予備含浸材料層の第1部分22aを金型半体51上に置き、次いで補強要素60を所定の位置にあて、最後に、予備含浸材料層の積み上げが、補強要素60を覆うようにこれらの層の第2部分22bをあてることによって完了する。下面外板部21の手順は、同様である。
上記工程段階で使用するために生産された下面外板部21及び上面外板部22は生であり、換言すれば、これを構成する予備含浸材料の樹脂母材は未だ重合されていない。
外板部21及び22の層の積み上げのときに、WO95/24614号及びUS5493390号に記載されたような監視用検知器を異なる層間に用いることができる。そうすると、構造試験の間における構造体10の本来の変形を監視するために、ブラッグ格子を有する光学繊維検知器を挿入し構造体の重要な領域に埋め込むことができる。したがって、この検証に関して、検知器は、構造体の耐用年数中に構造状態を監視するために用いることができ、予防管理と修理作業の双方又は一方を可能とするため疲労状態を指示することができる。
図8は、前縁外板部23を製造するための成形装置80を示している。この装置80は、その上の材料に所望の外形を付与するように成形されており、そのため前縁外板部23に付与する所望形状を複製した金型表面80aを有する。
成形装置80、特に金型表面80aは、前縁外板部23を形成する層構造体を生産するために、従来と同様に温度・圧力が制御されたクリーンルーム内で複数層の予備含浸材料を連続的に堆積(積み上げ)するようにされている。真空バッグを用いる圧縮段階は、層堆積段階の間に行われる。上記工程の段階用に生産される前縁外板部23は生であり、換言すればこれを構成する予備含浸材料の樹脂母材が未重合である。
図9は、図1の構造体10における一つの翼桁の詳細断面図である。この翼桁30は、2つのC断面要素で形成される2つの翼桁半体31から成り、中央ウェブ31bで結合され、共同して二重T構造を形成するように曲げられた端部フィン31aを有する。三角形の横断面を有する充填材33は、断面のウェブとフィンとの結合領域に位置する2つの長さ方向凹部に沿って当てられる。最後に、被覆細片34が、充填材33が先に置かれた凹部を覆うように翼桁断面の端部に当てられる。
図10aないし10dは、翼桁30を製造する従来型の工程例の諸段階を示している。翼桁の生産に使用する工程の種類及び翼桁の具体的な形状は、本発明の本質的特徴ではない。そうではなく、本質的特徴は、前記工程段階での使用のために生産される翼桁30が生でなければならないということであり、換言すれば、これを構成する予備含浸材料の樹脂母材が未重合でなければならないことである。
図10aは工程の一段階を示しており、C断面の翼桁半体31は、完全に平坦な予備含浸材料31’の薄板から生産される。全体が90で示されている成形装置は、全体として矩形の断面を有し片面が剛性平板92に沿って配置された細長い心金[マンドレル]91を含んでいる。予備含浸材料31’の薄板は、最初は心金91上に置かれ、赤外線電球94を備える熱成形装置へ案内され、予備含浸材料の薄板が相互に摺動するような温度に薄板を加熱し、突縁(換言すれば端部フィン)を曲げる作業の間に皺ができないようにする。所望温度に到達すると、真空付与弁101(図10a)を用い真空にする。そして、薄板31’に当てられ、板92上で封止されている真空バッグ95が真空によって下方へしぼみ、その結果薄板31’の「フィン」を下方に曲げ、心金91の形状を複製する。このようにして、当初は平らであった各薄板31’に熱成形によりC形状が付与される。
2つの生のC形状翼桁半体31の熱間形成が完了すると、接着剤細片96が翼桁半体全長に亘って翼桁半体のウェブ31bとフィン31aとの接合領域に当てられる。その後、図10bに示されているように、2つの翼桁半体は相互に重ねられる。
図10cに示されているように、予備含浸材料テープで形成されている充填材33は、翼桁半体のウェブとフィンの接合領域に位置する2つの長さ方向凹部に沿って当てられる。そして、接着層98が各充填材33を覆う。
図10dに示されているように、その後、予備含浸材料積層体で形成された被覆細片34が当てられる。最後に、真空バッグを用いて翼桁30が圧縮される。
図2で示されている軽発泡性プラスチックの楔状物体40は、別途機械加工される。好ましくは、楔状物体40は独立気泡発泡体から成り、例えばドイツ国デュッセルドルフのDegussa社製Rohacell(登録商標)51WFである。楔状物体40は機械加工され、以下の理由で仕上げ構造体内での公称寸法より大きい高さを有する。
そして、上記工程の段階で生産される構造体10の生の部品は、既に上面外板部22が載っている第1金型半体51上に組み立てられる。特に、前縁外板部23は上面外板部22の片面に位置する支持部材100へ移され、これが前縁外板部23に接続されるようにする。また、翼桁30は、先にその上に移された対応支持部材100と位置合わせされ、他の側では、図12に示されているように、楔状物体40も位置合わせされ、接着フィルム99によって上面外板部22に固定される。支持部材100の前縁外板部23と翼桁30との位置合わせは、支持部材100に固定され、金型51固定の基準台(不図示)に係合されている端部突起(不図示)により調整される。支持部材100は、支持する部品のまだ重合されていない予備含浸材料を支持するものである。これらの支持部材100は、EP1582160号特許の教示に従って筒状真空バッグで覆われる。
前記部品が第1金型半体51上に位置づけられると、第2金型半体52が反転されて第1金型半体51上に位置づけられ、生の下面外板部21を翼桁30と支持部材100上に位置づけ、図13に示されている構成で生の翼構造体10を生産する。
更に、第2金型半体52の位置合わせにより、下面外板部21が前縁外板部23に接続され、下面外板部21の一部が既に上面外板部22上に位置している楔状物体40上に置かれる。このようにして、構造体10の外側外板20が完成する。
外側外板20の連続性を確保するために、一部に段状[スタガード]継目接続を用いることが望ましい。これに関して、図11は、構造体10の一部の前縁を示している。これから分かるように、前縁外板部23の複数の層は、同一点ではなく異なる点で終端するように重ねられており、その結果、階段状外形を持つ縁部23a及び23bを形成している。同様に、上面外板部22及び下面外板部21の複数の層は、接続する前縁外板部23の縁部23a及び23bにそれぞれ対応する階段状外形の縁部21a及び22bを形成するように重ねられている。
段状継目接続は、図14に示されているように、その端部フィン31及び被覆細片34により翼桁30を相互結合するためにも用いられている。1つの翼桁30と他のものとの継手領域における不連続性を避けるために、ここでも段状継目31g及び34gが用いられている。
楔状物体40は、上記のように、下面外板部21及び上面外板部22の間に置かれている。
既に説明したように、楔状物体40は、公称寸法より大きい垂直厚さを有している。このため、構造体10の後縁を上面外板部22、下面外板部21及び楔状物体40の未重合層間におけるシェル装置50の閉鎖力による相互圧迫で圧縮する。この物体は、調整され増加された寸法から出発して押しつぶされ公称寸法に戻された場合にのみ外板に必要な反応圧力を加えることができる。
このため、楔状物体40は、重合層の厚さの一定割合に等しい補正値で機械加工されるので、下面外板部21及び上面外板部22の厚さに依存して変化する量だけその高さが増加されている。この割合は、先に具体的に示した材料を用いて発明者により実験的に決定され、約20%に等しいと分かっているが、本質的には重合層の厚さに対する未重合層の増加係数に依存している。
そして、上記段階で生産され、シェル装置50に配置された生の構造体10は、下面外板部21、上面外板部22、前縁外板部23及び翼桁30の統合並びに種々の部品の同時硬化のための最終重合サイクルで圧力釜(不図示)に導入される。
圧力釜中では、Iで示される構造体10の大部分では、生の部品にかかる圧力は、EP0582160号特許の教示に従って作成された筒状真空バッグにより加えられ、他方、IIの部分では、圧力は、先に説明したように、楔状物体40の押し潰し反応により加えられる。予備含浸材料が炭素・樹脂の場合、重合サイクルの最大圧力は6barであり、最大温度は180゜Cである。

Claims (4)

  1. 翼構造体(10)を製造する方法であって、
    第1金型半体(51)上に複数の予備含浸材料層を連続して配置し、前記翼構造体の第1の生の外板(22)を形成する段階、
    第2金型半体(52)上に複数の予備含浸材料層を連続して配置し、前記翼構造体の第2の生の外板(21)を形成する段階、
    複数の生の翼桁(30)を形成し、各々の前記翼桁が複数の予備含浸材料層を含んでいる段階、
    予め翼桁が位置づけられている取り外し可能な支持部材(100)を用い、前記生の翼桁を第1の生の外板(21)上に協調して位置づける段階、
    第2金型半体を反転して第1の金型半体上に置き、前記第2の生の外板を前記翼桁及び前記支持手段上に位置づけ、生の翼構造体を生産する段階、及び
    真空バッグを用いて前記生の翼構造体を重合サイクルにおく段階、
    前記翼構造体の生の前縁外板(23)を形成するように、成形装置(80)上に連続して複数の予備含浸材料層を置く段階、
    軽発泡プラスチック材料の楔状物体(40)を形成し、該楔状物体が前記翼構造体の後縁における前記第1及び第2の外板間に置かれるよう設計されている段階、
    第1の生の外板(21)上に生の翼桁を配置する段階の完了に際し、前記楔状物体を第1の生の外板上に位置づけ、前記第2の生の外板を前記翼桁上に位置づけるとき、前記生の前縁外板を前記第1及び第2の生の外板に接続し、前記楔状物体を前記第1及び第2の生の外板間に置くようにする段階、
    重合サイクル終了時に、調整された完全な外形を有し、機械的な接続部材を持たない翼構造体を得る段階
    を含み、
    前記楔状物体が重合終了時に前記構造体内で有する公称寸法よりも大きい高さを有するように機械加工されており、
    前記第1の金型半体(51)と前記第2の金型半体(52)を閉じる際の圧力により、前記楔状物体(40)が前記第1の生の外板(21)と前記第2の生の外板(22)の間で圧縮されて前記公称寸法になることを特徴とする方法。
  2. 前記楔状物体が独立気泡発泡体で製作される、請求項1記載の方法。
  3. 楔状物体(40)が前記公称寸法より約20%大きい高さを有する、請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の方法
  4. 請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の方法によって生産される、翼構造体(10)
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