JP5231780B2 - 炭化水素油中の水銀の除去方法及び濃度測定方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素油中の水銀の除去方法及び濃度測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 121
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 105
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 76
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 76
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002795 fluorescence method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- MEMRJYWXQDJQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(ethylsulfanyl)mercury Chemical compound [Hg+2].CC[S-].CC[S-] MEMRJYWXQDJQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003498 natural gas condensate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCS PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDFAOUQQXJIZDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)CS BDFAOUQQXJIZDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)S KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMIGDWBXJXRGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-thiol Chemical compound CC1(C(C=CC=C1)C)S AMIGDWBXJXRGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRKMQKLGEQPLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Pentanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCS ZRKMQKLGEQPLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOCWCRVSOQKFMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentane-1-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCS DOCWCRVSOQKFMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSESCEUNBVHCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptane-1-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCS LSESCEUNBVHCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVAWIKRJRNIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctane-1-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCS SLCVAWIKRJRNIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIJGXNFNUUFEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopentyl mercaptan Chemical compound CC(C)CCS GIJGXNFNUUFEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 naphtha Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZVEZMVFBMOOHAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCS ZVEZMVFBMOOHAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUVIGLJNEAMWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCS SUVIGLJNEAMWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Description
(1)水銀を含有する炭化水素油中のメルカプタン含有量が所定量になるように調整した後、炭化水素油に紫外線を照射する工程と、該工程後に水銀化合物を除去する工程とを有する、炭化水素油の水銀除去方法である。
Hg + 2RSH + UV光 → RSHgSR + 2H+
(式中、Rは炭化水素基を示す)に従って、水銀メルカプチドの生成が促進される。照射する紫外線は、自然光であってもよいが、UV−A光、UV−B光及びUV−C光を使用することができる。また、波長280〜320nmのUV−B光、波長320〜400nmのUV−A光、或いは自然光であっても使用できるが、中でも波長280nm以下のUV−C光を好適に使用することができる。紫外線の照射時間については、対象とする油種、単体水銀含有量、照射装置によって異なるが、1分間以上1ヶ月以内で適宜選択すればよく、特に制限はない。
ドデカン(東京化成製試薬、硫黄分:0.1質量ppm以下、メルカプタン:0.1質量ppm以下)100mLに水銀(関東化学製試薬)約0.3gの1粒を加え、マグネチックスターラーを用いて24時間ゆっくり撹拌してドデカン中に水銀を溶解させた。得られたドデカン中の水銀濃度をJIS K0102の加熱気化−原子吸光法にて測定した結果、1.49μg/mLであることを確認し、原液Aとした。次に、原液Aをドデカンにて33倍に希釈して、水銀濃度45.2ng/mLの水銀含有標準液Bを調製した。
水銀含有標準液B 100mLに、オクタンチオール0.05mLを加え(単体水銀1モルに対してオクタンチオール12900モル)、ピーク波長254nmのUV−C光を1時間照射した。UV照射後、活性炭(日本エンバイロケミカルズ製、型番GS2X)10gを加え24時間25℃で撹拌した。その後、3時間静置して活性炭との分離を行った。前記操作をして得られた炭化水素油の水銀濃度をJIS K0102の加熱気化−原子吸光法にて測定した結果、0.6ng/mLであった。
オクタンチオールを添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施した。活性炭除去後の炭化水素油の水銀濃度は1.2ng/mLであった。
UV照射を行わなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして実施した。活性炭除去後の炭化水素油の水銀濃度は1.3ng/mLであった。
オクタンチオールを添加せず、UV照射も行わなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして実施した。活性炭除去後の炭化水素油の水銀濃度は1.5ng/mLであった。
市販灯油(硫黄分:8質量ppm、メルカプタン:0.1質量ppm以下、水銀濃度:0.1ng/mL以下)97mLに、水銀濃度1.49μg/mLの原液A 3mLを添加混合し、水銀濃度44.7ng/mLの水銀含有灯油Cを調製した。
水銀含有灯油C 100mLに、オクタンチオール(東京化成製試薬)0.05mLを加え(単体水銀1モルに対してオクタンチオール13000モル)、ピーク波長254nmのUV−C光を1時間照射した。UV照射後、活性炭(日本エンバイロケミカルズ製、型番GS2X)10gを加え24時間25℃で撹拌した。その後、3時間静置して活性炭との分離を行った。前記操作をして得られた炭化水素油の水銀濃度をJIS K0102の加熱気化−原子吸光法にて測定した結果、0.6ng/mLであった。
水銀含有灯油C 99.5mLに、オクタンチオールのトルエン希釈液(300μg/mL)0.5mLを混合して、溶液D(水銀濃度:44.7ng/mL、メルカプタン濃度:1.5質量ppm)を調製した。溶液Dの単体水銀に対するメルカプタンのモル比は46であった。
Claims (6)
- 水銀を含有する炭化水素油中のメルカプタン含有量が所定量になるように調整した後、炭化水素油に紫外線を照射する工程と、該工程後に水銀化合物を除去する工程とを有し、
前記メルカプタン含有量が単体水銀1モルに対して100モル以上であり、前記紫外線の照射時間が1分以上である、
ことを特徴とする炭化水素油の水銀除去方法。 - 前記水銀化合物を除去する工程が、吸着剤と炭化水素油とを接触させる工程である請求項1に記載の炭化水素油の水銀除去方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の炭化水素油の水銀除去方法により得た水銀含有量が10ng/mL以下の炭化水素油。
- 水銀を含有する炭化水素油中のメルカプタン含有量が単体水銀1モルに対して100モル以上となるように調整した後、炭化水素油に紫外線を照射し、加熱気化−原子吸光法、加熱気化−原子蛍光法及び酸水素炎燃焼−原子吸光法のいずれかの方法により水銀濃度を測定することを特徴とする炭化水素油中の水銀濃度の測定方法。
- 炭化水素油中の水銀濃度を請求項4に記載の方法で測定した後、水銀濃度が所定の値以下のときに炭化水素油の精製処理を行う炭化水素油の製造方法。
- 水銀除去工程の前の炭化水素油中の水銀濃度を請求項4に記載の方法で測定する工程と、水銀除去工程の後の水銀濃度が所定濃度に達するために必要なメルカプタン濃度を算出する工程を含む請求項1または2に記載の方法により水銀除去を行う炭化水素油の水銀除去方法。
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