JP5226721B2 - 放射線治療のための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
放射線治療のための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5226721B2 JP5226721B2 JP2010071442A JP2010071442A JP5226721B2 JP 5226721 B2 JP5226721 B2 JP 5226721B2 JP 2010071442 A JP2010071442 A JP 2010071442A JP 2010071442 A JP2010071442 A JP 2010071442A JP 5226721 B2 JP5226721 B2 JP 5226721B2
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- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
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- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
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Description
Ra−223はアルファ崩壊によって11.4dの半減期でRn−219に崩壊する:
Rn−219はアルファ崩壊によって4sの半減期でPo−215に崩壊する;
Po−215はアルファ崩壊によって1.8msの半減期でPb−211に崩壊する;
Pb−211はベータ崩壊によって36mの半減期でBi−211に崩壊する;
Bi−211はアルファ崩壊によって2.1mの半減期でTl−207に崩壊する;
Tl−207はベータ崩壊によって4.8mの半減期でPb−207に崩壊する。
Ra−224はアルファ崩壊によって3.7dの半減期でRn−220に崩壊する;
Rn−220はアルファ崩壊によって56sの半減期でPo−216に崩壊する;
Po−216はアルファ崩壊によって0.15sの半減期でPb−212に崩壊する;
Pb−212はベータ崩壊によって10.6hの半減期でBi−212に崩壊する;
Bi−212はアルファ崩壊によって1hの半減期でTl−208に(36%分岐比)、又はベータ崩壊によってPo−212に崩壊する(64%分岐比)。
Tl−208はベータ崩壊によって3mの半減期で安定したPb−208に崩壊する;
Po−212はアルファ崩壊によって0.3μsの半減期で安定したPb−208に崩壊する。
上記の崩壊系列から理解されうるように、Rn−220が放射性核種として使用されるとき、崩壊系列はRn−220からPo−216への崩壊で始まり、Pb−212,Bi−212,Tl−208(又はPo−212)及びPb−208に続く。
針上の放射性核種の静電的実施態様
以下は224Ra原子が針上に静電的に収集された典型的な実験の記載である。
U−232の製造
この実施例では、U−232表面源はウラニウム塩の微小量を含有する酸性溶液から製造された。U−232表面源は例えばTh−228、例えば実施例1に使用されるTh−228表面源を製造する目的のために使用されることができる。
LAPC4前立腺腫瘍を有するマウスでの実験
以下はヒトLAPC4前立腺腫瘍を有する二匹のマウスについての実験の記載である。実験の目的は生存している腫瘍の内側の放射線治療装置によって放出される短命のアルファ放射原子の移動範囲を評価することである。
実験の全ての部分に使用された放射線治療装置は先端の表面上にRa−224原子を吸着させたニッケル被覆針であった。放射線治療装置の製造は実施例1の記載に従い、Th−228の1.2マイクロキュリー源に対する69時間露光を伴い、約50ナノキュリーの針活性を生じた。この実験では、針は露光後に被覆されなかった。
四つの短時間の測定が第一マウスに行なわれた。各測定に対して、異なる像形成検出プローブが使用された。
第二のマウスは単一の実験に供した。第一マウスでの上記実験に使用される針は第二のマウスの腫瘍中に挿入され、その先端領域が腫瘍に残るように整形された。皮膚は針の先端上で縫い付けられ、源は3日間、生存するマウスの内側に維持された。腫瘍は次いで除去され、七つのスライスにスライスされた。
スライス1,2,3,4及び6は2時間の測定中、約2〜3mm位置がずれた。13時間の測定中、位置のずれは起こらなかった。
インビボ測定:
検出プローブ1によって記録される像(図6a)及び対応する放射線グラフ(図6b)を示す図6a−bを参照されたい。測定された信号は検出プローブ1からの半径距離の関数として対数目盛で図6bに示される。図6a−bに示されるように、検出プローブ1と針の間の物理的接触のため、接触点で集中した強い信号が観察された。図6bを参照すると、最大信号(接触点から約0.5mm)は周囲の信号より大きさが約3桁大きい。強い信号は半径約3mmの半径方向に減衰する「ハロ」によって包囲され、それは走査装置の光学装置の結果であり、実際の放射線パターンを表わさない。半径方向に減衰する「ハロ」に加えて、軸方向に減衰するパターンが接触点で開始して約5mmの長さで検出プローブ1に沿って観察され、それは主にベータ崩壊から生じた。アルファ粒子圧痕は軸方向に減衰するパターン上でいつ果てるとも知れない。
図9はスライス1〜7、及び清浄な参照プレート(「参照」として示す)の記録された放射線パターンを示す。最も強い信号はスライス4で記録され、そこでは直径約1−2mmの暗いスポット及び直径3−4mmの周囲ハロが観察された。相対的に強い信号は直径約6−7mmのスライス3で記録された。クリアであるが少し弱い信号は針から約2−3mmのスライス5で記録された。極めて弱いが統計的に有効な信号は針から約5−6mmのスライス6で記録された。スライス7で信号は記録されなかった。
針の活性の粗い測定は腫瘍からのその引き抜き後に1分あたり約60000から約20000カウントへの低下を示した。かかる低下は述べたように実験で被覆されていない針のRa原子の除去によって説明される。針の残留活性は主にその調製時に針上に吸着されるPb−212原子から来るものであった。それは針上のRa−224集団が実質的に3より大きい倍率で低下したことを意味する。針からのRa−224の除去の結果として、Ra−224原子の大部分は第一マウスに残り、第二マウスでの長時間エクスビボ実験で記録された放射線パターンはより弱かった。
B−16メラノーマを有するマウスでの実験
以下はB−16メラノーマ細胞で処理されたC57B1/6近交系に属する二匹のマウスでの実験の記載である(一匹のマウスあたり0.1mlのHBSS緩衝液で約100000細胞)。放射線治療は腫瘍の接種後16日間実施され、その時点の腫瘍サイズは第一マウスに対して19.5mm、第二マウスに対して17.2mmであった。
二つの名目上同一の放射能源を調製した(各マウスに対して一つ)。各源はRa−224を減圧下で反跳植え込みされた0.45mm直径のニッケルめっきされたステンレス鋼針からなった。減圧植え込み後、両針は脱イオン水でリンスされ、乾燥N2の流れ中で洗浄され、挿入後表面からのRa原子の放出を最小にした。挿入時の224Ra活性は各場合において約1〜2ナノキュリーであった。
第一マウスにおいて源から2mm及び11mm、第二マウスにおいて源から0.5mm,6mm及び15mmでとられた試料における全ての三つの測定にクリアな信号が出現した。測定された強度の時間依存はRa−224の半減期(3.66日)と相互に関連した。他の試料について認識しうる信号は検出されなかった。
Claims (21)
- 対象の身体中に少なくとも部分的に導入されるように適応されたプローブ、及びラジウム−223及びラジウム−224からなる群から選択される放射性核種を含む放射線治療装置であって、前記放射性核種のアルファ粒子及び崩壊系列核が前記プローブの表面の外側に放射されるような方法で、前記放射性核種が前記プローブの表面の真上又は真下にある放射線治療装置。
- 前記プローブは保護コートによって被覆される請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記保護コートの材料及び厚さの少なくとも一つは前記プローブの前記表面からの崩壊系列核及びアルファ粒子の放射を妨げないように選択される請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記放射性核種、前記崩壊系列核及び前記アルファ粒子を検出することができる検出器をさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記プローブはそこから前記放射性核種の少なくとも一部を放出することができ、それによって前記崩壊系列核及びアルファ粒子の前記放射前に前記放射性核種の分布を可能にする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記放射性核種の前記少なくとも一部の放出は体液によって行なわれる請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記プローブが針、ビーズ、内視鏡の先端、腹腔鏡の先端及び撮像装置の先端からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つのものを含む請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記プローブは内部の細長い部材と、前記内部の細長い部材を収容するために構成された口区域を有する外部の管状部材を含み、前記内部の細長い部材は前記外部の管状部材内で移動可能であり、かつ遠位端及び近位端を有し、前記放射性核種が前記遠位端の表面の真上又は真下で収集される請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記外部の管状部材はそれを通る前記内部の細長い部材の前記遠位端の突出を可能にするための少なくとも一つの窓を含む請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも一つの窓は前記外部の管状部材の側壁上にある請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記内部の細長い部材の前記近位端に接続された操作ワイヤをさらに含む請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記外部の管状部材は前記崩壊系列核及び前記アルファ粒子を少なくとも部分的に吸収できる材料から作られる請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記内部の細長い部材及び前記外部の管状部材は各々独立して可撓性である請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記プローブはそこから前記放射性核種の少なくとも一部を放出することができ、それによって前記崩壊系列核及びアルファ粒子の前記放射前に前記放射性核種の分布を可能にする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 放射線治療装置の製造方法であって、
(a)表面を有するプローブを提供し;
(b)ラジウム−223及びラジウム−224からなる群から選択される放射性核種の流束に前記表面を位置付け;そして
(c)前記表面の真上又は真下の前記放射性核種の核を収集し、前記工程(b)及び(c)は前記放射性核種の崩壊系列核及びアルファ粒子が前記表面の外側に放射されるような方法でなされ、それによって放射線治療装置を製造すること
を含む方法。 - 前記収集は減圧下での直接埋込みによって行なわれる請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記収集は前記表面を負の極性の電圧源に接続することによって行なわれる請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記プローブが針、ビーズ、内視鏡の先端、腹腔鏡の先端及び撮像装置の先端からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つのものを含む請求項15〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プローブは内部の細長い部材と、前記内部の細長い部材を収容するために構成された口区域を有する外部の管状部材を含み、前記内部の細長い部材は前記外部の管状部材内で移動可能であり、かつ遠位端及び近位端を有し、前記放射性核種が前記遠位端の表面の真上又は真下で収集される請求項15に記載の方法。
- 保護コートによって前記表面を被覆することをさらに含む請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記保護コートの材料及び厚さの少なくとも一つは崩壊系列核及びアルファ粒子の前記プローブの前記表面からの放射を妨げないように選択される請求項20に記載の方法。
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