JP5224533B2 - How to make flexible and semi-dry animal specimens - Google Patents

Description

  This invention is a method for preparing semi-dry animal specimens that have flexibility for various organs such as the internal organs of human bodies and other animals, small animals that do not have body hair on the surface, especially the original feel of the specimen. The present invention relates to a specimen preparation method which has the advantage that it can be stored as long as possible and can be felt by the hand, and can be stored semipermanently at normal temperature and in a normal state using a simple and inexpensive storage method.

  It is desirable that animal specimens be stored in a state as close to a living body as possible under normal temperature and normal conditions. However, if it is left as it is, it will be exposed to air, and if there is moisture, it will decay and the original shape will not be maintained.

  Therefore, conventionally, it has been performed to immerse in formalin solution to prevent spoilage. However, in this method, since the specimen is stored in liquid, it can be observed only through a glass container, and is not suitable for observing details. The specimen can be pulled out of the solution and observed, but it cannot be touched directly with bare hands, and the formalin odor is severely irritating. Further, when the glass container and the preserving solution are combined, the weight becomes considerable, so that there is a problem in that it takes time to carry and takes a place for storage.

  There is also a method of applying freeze-drying as a method for maintaining the original shape of the specimen, but the specimen loses its elasticity as a living body, hardens hard, and when left in the air for a long time, it absorbs moisture, generates mold, and decays. There is a problem of doing.

  As a means for preventing spoilage during storage when preparing a specimen, a method of impregnating a polymerizable plastic as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is disclosed.

  In addition, a method of fixing tissue with alcohol or acetone to prevent corruption and coating the surface with ethylene chloride, silicon resin or the like has been attempted. In particular, Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 describe animal organs. The process of immersing a sample such as alcohol in acetone or acetone for a predetermined time to replace the sample moisture with the solvent, and immersing the sample infiltrated with the solvent in methylene chloride solution to replace the solvent with methylene chloride solution Flexible animal from the process of immersing the specimen infiltrated with methylene chloride in a mixture of methylene chloride and silicone resin, and the process of penetrating and curing the silicone resin in a low vacuum state. A method for preparing a specimen is disclosed.

  The purpose of this animal specimen preparation method is to prepare specimens that can be stored at room temperature and in a normal state, can be picked up, and can be used for a long time.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-111826 JP 57-355016 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-39321

Clinical Anatomy Training Book by Toshio Tsujiyoshi Published on February 28, 1992 by Kanbara Publishing Co., Ltd.

  However, the animal specimen preparation method that has already been developed has the following drawbacks.

  First, in the process of substituting the specimen water with the solvent by immersing in a solvent of alcohol or acetone for a predetermined time, this type of solvent has a weak ability to fix living tissue, so it is immersed for a considerable time. It is a problem that must be kept.

  In addition, the biggest problem with this method is that it is necessary to completely remove the moisture of the specimen when performing resin coating after fixing the tissue by dipping in a solvent of alcohol or acetone for a predetermined time. Conventionally, methylene chloride used with silicon resin lacks the ability to replace moisture, and there is a problem that moisture in a specimen cannot be completely removed.

  Furthermore, the silicone resin used as the coating agent in the final stage has a clear thickness and a hard feel like rubber, which is greatly different from the original feel of animal organs. In addition, there is also a problem that even when trying to observe the inside of the specimen, the inside cannot be opened because it is not flexible, and the coating peels off while being touched, and the specimen is no longer in a state.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a specimen preparation method that eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional soft and dry anatomical specimen preparation methods. In other words, it is intended to provide a method for producing a flexible / semi-dry animal specimen that shortens the production time, is as close to the original feel as possible, can be maintained semipermanently, and allows simple and inexpensive storage and transfer methods. .

  The present invention relates to a method for preparing a biological specimen including a living body organ including a human body or a fish, wherein the specimen is fixed with a masked form, and hydrated like glycerin after washing. A step of imparting flexibility to the specimen by immersing it in a non-volatile liquid to replace the glycerin and moisture in the specimen, and coating the entire specimen with gel medium, and retaining the glycerin in the specimen. This is a method for producing a flexible / semi-dry animal specimen through a process comprising the steps of:

  In the tissue fixing stage, as a fixing agent for preventing the decay of the tissue of the specimen, there is formalin which requires a shorter fixing time in addition to alcohol which has been conventionally used. However, since this formalin has a strong irritating odor, in the present invention, fixation is performed using a formaldehyde-containing liquid with less irritating odor. As the formaldehyde-containing liquid, a masked form containing 18.5% formaldehyde (trade name by Nippon Turner Co., Ltd.) can be preferably used.

  However, when organs after anatomy of the human body are used as specimens, formalin is usually injected into the blood vessel immediately after the anatomy of the human body and immersed in formalin solution, so that it is in a sufficiently fixed state. There is no need to perform fixed processing.

  In addition, when the specimen is an animal other than a human body, in the case of an organ of an animal such as a pig or cow, a masked form solution of 30% concentration is directly applied to the organ using a syringe to about 10 to 20% of the organ weight. Inject and fix inside the organ. Then, it is immersed in a 20% masked form solution.

  Immerse and fix parenchymal organs such as the heart and kidney for about 2 weeks, and intestines and lungs for about 1 week.

  Furthermore, when making whole specimens of fish and other small animals, it is preferable to take out the internal organs and fill them with absorbent cotton or the like. After injecting about 20% of the weight of fish or the like with a syringe with a 40% concentration masked form solution, it is immersed in a 30% masked form solution. . Therefore, it is necessary to divide the injection into details.

  The washing with water to give the specimen flexibility by replacing glycerin with moisture in the specimen is to remove the pungent odor of formalin. However, if the washing time is too long, the tissue will be fixed and it will rot.

  First, the specimen that has been immersed and fixed in the masked form is transferred to a container deep enough to fit in the specimen with sufficient margin and placed in a sink. Attach a hose to the faucet (length that does not reach the bottom of the container) so that the water flow will flow upward from below the specimen. Run water with the amount of water for one little finger, and continue until the pungent odor of formaldehyde is almost gone.

  When the irritating odor is removed, pull it out of the water and wrap it in paper to remove the water. In the middle, the paper is removed for 2 to 3 hours, and this operation is repeated while evaporating moisture. It is advisable to remove the moisture inside by wrapping it with paper. Continue until no moisture oozes.

  In the step of imparting flexibility after washing with water, the moisture in the washed specimen is replaced with glycerin, so that the whole specimen is kept flexible.

  In the present invention, glycerin is used in place of the conventionally used mixture of methylene chloride and silicon resin. Glycerin is hydrated and functions as a water replacement agent that replaces the water in the specimen that could not be removed after washing with water. Further, since it is non-volatile, the specimen can be kept in a semi-dry state having flexibility without drying. Glycerin also functions as a filler in the tissue.

  In principle, in addition to glycerin, a non-volatile liquid or the like can be used as the moisture replacement agent, but glycerin is the cheapest and easy to obtain.

  In the water substitution step with glycerin, first, the specimen from which moisture has been removed to some extent is transferred to a deeper container, and glycerin is poured to the extent that the specimen is covered. When the specimen floats, it is immersed in gauze or wrap so that the glycerin covers the whole (referred to as glycerin 1). If weight is added, the weight will be shaped, so be careful. The water and glycerin remaining in the specimen are replaced, and glycerin is diluted. When this glycerin becomes smooth, it is immersed in new glycerin and continued to be replaced (referred to as glycerin 2). Further, when the replacement proceeds and the glycerin becomes smooth again, the same processing as described above is continued (referred to as glycerin 3).

  Since the amount of water remaining in the specimen is greatly related to the amount of glycerin used, the work of removing water after washing is an important point.

  In this water replacement stage, the amount of water remaining in the specimen is greatly related to the amount of glycerin used, and therefore the work of removing water after washing is an important point. When the glycerin concentration does not change so much, the specimen is lifted from the glycerin and the excess glycerin is dripped and dropped. After dropping most of the glycerin, wrap it in paper and push it out as if you were grasping it, and remove the excess glycerin soaked in. In order to obtain the minimum amount of glycerin necessary for the specimen to have flexibility and semi-dryness, this process is repeated until glycerin does not come out from inside when extruded.

  In the final coating step, the entire specimen is coated with gel medium in order to prevent stickiness due to the glycerin used for replacement with the previous moisture. Gelmedium is a water-soluble and originally used as a transparent uplifting agent for fine arts. It is a drug used to create a transparent film while maintaining viscosity by mixing with acrylic paint. The hardness and thickness of the coating can be adjusted to provide flexibility. Therefore, it is possible to produce a specimen that takes advantage of the characteristics of the animal's heart, lungs, intestines, fish itself, and the like.

  At the coating stage, the gel medium is diluted with water and mixed well with a brush to make a gel medium solution. The ratio of dilution varies somewhat depending on the properties of the specimen, but is a volume ratio of about gel medium: water = 1: 4-5.

  The gel medium solution is applied to the surface of the specimen after removing excess glycerin and dried. When it is dry, apply it again and dry. This operation is repeated to carry out at least triple coating, but the number of coatings varies depending on the type of specimen. The gel medium also has an adhesive action, and when the specimen after the gel medium liquid application is dried, if the specimen is placed directly as it is, the specimen will adhere to the place. Therefore, lay a silicone resin-processed oil-resistant paper (cooking sheet or the like) on the bottom and dry it.

  In order to finish a flexible specimen, it is very important to apply the gel medium solution with a low concentration in several times, rather than apply the gel medium solution with a high concentration at once.

  Since the specimen prepared according to the present invention contains glycerin, it easily adsorbs moisture in the air. To prevent this, store it in a sealable bag with a desiccant such as silica gel. In addition, if the specimens are stacked (packed) and stored, the specimens may adhere to each other. Therefore, it is also important to store the specimens with a margin so that the specimens do not directly contact each other.

  The production method of the present invention makes the production time, process, materials, and storage more than the preparation of specimens that can be actually obtained, as well as specimens that look through glass, such as formalin immersion specimens. It is simple and makes it possible to produce a specimen having a texture close to the original state.

The photograph of the example which used the human heart as a sample is shown as an Example. The photograph of the example which used the sample of the human lung as an example is shown.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1
Production of flexible and semi-dry animal specimens when this invention is applied to the heart of a human body as a specimen of the parenchymal system (the contents of which are clogged or thick like the heart, liver, kidney, etc.) Examples will be described based on (1) fixing, (2) washing with water, (3) replacement, and (4) coating steps.

(1) Fixation As described above, when an organ after dissection of a human body is used as a specimen, formalin is already injected into a blood vessel and immersed in a formalin solution, and is sufficiently fixed. Therefore, there is no need to perform a fixing process again.

(2) Water washing Start water washing as described above. If it is the size of a human heart (about a fist), washing with water is completed in about two days. Other animal hearts that are smaller can be completed in less time.
It is desirable to complete the work of removing excess moisture from the completion of washing to the immersion in glycerin within 24 hours.

(3) Replacement Start replacement as described above. If it is a human heart, it is immersed in glycerin 1 for 1 day and glycerin 2 for about 3 days.

(4) Coating The heart specimen according to the present invention is not limited to the form of the heart itself, but the point is that the structure inside the heart can be observed by utilizing the flexible nature due to flexibility and semi-dryness. Therefore, it is necessary to make a part that opens when observing the inside after the water washing is completed.

  At first, as described above, coating is performed from the outer surface, and after the coating of the outer surface is completed, the inner coating is passed. In the inner coating, the gel medium solution is made thinner than usual (gel medium: water = 1: 7-8) so that the inner surfaces of the atria and blood vessels and the portions that open during observation do not adhere. Furthermore, it is possible to avoid adhesion by using a silicone resin-processed oil-resistant paper (cooking sheet or the like) and sandwiching (packing) it between parts that are not desired to be adhered.

  Also, be careful that the gel medium applied inside does not accumulate underneath and solidify. The number of times of application is 3 times or more for each of the inner and outer surfaces.

  The obtained specimen of the heart part of the human body is shown in the photograph of FIG. The photograph a shows the appearance, and b shows the inside.

  The obtained specimen is more flexible as a whole compared to a conventional formalin immersion specimen or a specimen obtained by paraffin fixation, and even if touched, the feel, including the inside, is the real thing. It was something you could experience.

Example 2
This invention is applied to the human lung as a specimen other than the real system (the lungs, blood vessels, intestines, etc. are not clogged and thin), and a flexible / semi-dry specimen is described. To do.

(1) Fixed As in the case of the heart.

(2) Flushing Flushing is completed in about 2 to 3 days, but several times along the way, it is washed with water while pushing out the fixative that has soaked in the lungs.

  The lungs are sponge-like and easily absorb water. Therefore, it takes some time and effort to remove excess moisture. First, a pump is inserted into the trachea, and the moisture inside is removed by suction. On the contrary, the pump is inserted into the trachea, the air is put in, the moisture coming out from the inside is wiped off with paper or the like, and it is left for a while in a state wrapped with paper. This process is repeated to remove excess water, but if too much time is taken, a dry part will come out, and the work will be completed within 4 days.

(3) Replacement Because the lungs have a sponge-like nature, glycerin is likely to soak, but if soaked, it will not be a semi-dry sample. Therefore, it is necessary to perform substitution by a method in which glycerin does not soak excessively.

  First, air is put into the lungs using a pump, and then immersed in glycerin for about 40 minutes. Pull up from glycerin, put in air again, wrap with paper and leave it for about 3 hours. In addition, leave it in the air and gradually replace glycerin and water. This process is repeated again. Further, glycerin is applied from the outer surface so as to be soaked, and is put in a desiccator containing a desiccant (silica gel) in order to remove excess moisture. This operation is performed twice.

(4) Coating The lung specimen according to the present invention is not only in the form of the lung itself, but also has a point that it can feel a texture like a lung sponge by utilizing its soft and semi-dry property. To do so, the coating must be completed with the lungs still aired.

  Therefore, first, air is introduced from the trachea using a pump to fill the lungs with air, and the hole of the trachea is quickly plugged with gel medium so that the air does not escape.

  Then, coating is performed as described above.

  A photograph of the human lung obtained is shown in the photograph of FIG. a shows from the front, b shows from the back. The whole was very flexible, and even if it was touched, the experience was such that it was possible to experience the real touch.

Example 3
The invention was applied to fish and the like to prepare carp specimens.

  When making a whole sample of small animals such as fish, the internal organs are taken out and filled with absorbent cotton or the like. A 40% concentrated masked form solution is injected with about 20% of the fish weight by a syringe, and then immersed in a 30% masked form solution. However, since fish and the like have scales, it is difficult for a fixative from the outside to penetrate. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the injection into details.

  A whole animal having a length of 50 cm was immersed in formalin solution for 2 weeks at room temperature, then left in running water for 1 day to deodorize. Thereafter, glycerin was blown in with a whole pump, wrapped in glycerin paper, and left for 3 to 6 days. Thereafter, the same gel medium as in Example 1 was diluted with water to coat the whole.

  The specimens obtained by this invention can be touched directly and can give a realistic texture, so they can be handed directly to students and lectured while watching the specimens at educational sites. It is possible to deepen the student's understanding of the real thing by the specimen.

Claims (4)

A tissue fixing stage of a specimen with a formaldehyde-containing solution;
After rinsing with water, it is immersed in a hydratable non-volatile liquid, and a flexibility imparting step is given to give the specimen flexibility by substituting the hydratable non-volatile liquid and moisture in the specimen;
A method for producing a soft and semi-dry animal specimen, comprising coating the entire specimen with gel medium and retaining a non-volatile liquid in the specimen. The method for producing a soft and semi-dry animal specimen according to claim 1, wherein the hydratable nonvolatile liquid is glycerin. 2. The flexible / semi-finished coating according to claim 1, wherein the coating on the whole specimen is applied to the whole specimen in several batches by diluting the gel medium with a volume ratio of gel medium: water of 1: 4-5. A method for preparing dry animal specimens. The method for producing a flexible / semi-dry animal specimen according to claim 1, wherein the specimen is a living organ including a human body or an organism including fish.