JP5220566B2 - ペットフード - Google Patents
ペットフード Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5220566B2 JP5220566B2 JP2008295172A JP2008295172A JP5220566B2 JP 5220566 B2 JP5220566 B2 JP 5220566B2 JP 2008295172 A JP2008295172 A JP 2008295172A JP 2008295172 A JP2008295172 A JP 2008295172A JP 5220566 B2 JP5220566 B2 JP 5220566B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pet food
- citric acid
- mass
- oil
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 64
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 143
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 alkali metal citrate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001982 diacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 8
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 4
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000002378 plant sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010070551 Meat Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sitostanol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002759 monoacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)C1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Images
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
(A)二重結合を2つ以上含む不飽和脂肪酸が、油脂を構成する脂肪酸中の20質量%以上である油脂 6〜50質量%、
(B)鉄、鉄化合物、銅及び銅化合物から選ばれるミネラル成分 ミネラル換算合計で0.0005〜1質量%、
(C)クエン酸及び/又はその塩 合計量がクエン酸換算で0.7質量%以上
を含有し、pHが3.5〜7.0であるペットフードを提供するものである。
また、本発明は、二重結合を2つ以上含む不飽和脂肪酸が、油脂を構成する脂肪酸中の20質量%以上である油脂と、鉄、鉄化合物、銅及び銅化合物から選ばれるミネラル成分をミネラル換算合計で0.0005〜1質量%含むペットフードの製造方法であって、クエン酸及びクエン酸のアルカリ金属塩を合計で、クエン酸換算で0.7質量%以上配合することを特徴とするペットフードの製造方法を提供するものである。
なお、油脂を構成する脂肪酸としては、高度不飽和脂肪酸以外に、二重結合が1つの不飽和脂肪酸及び飽和脂肪酸を含んでいても良い。ここで、二重結合が1つの不飽和脂肪酸としては炭素数16〜24の不飽和脂肪酸が挙げられ、オレイン酸、パルミトオレイン酸等が好ましい。また、飽和脂肪酸としては炭素数12〜18の飽和脂肪酸が挙げられ、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸等が好適である。
DAGを構成する脂肪酸のうち、リノール酸の含有量は15〜65%、更に20〜60%、また更に30〜55%、特に35〜50%であるのが肥満防止効果及び摂取性の点で好ましい。更に、酸化安定性、肥満防止効果の点から、DAG中のリノール酸/オレイン酸の含有質量比が0.01〜2.0、更に0.1〜1.8、特に0.3〜1.7であることが好ましい。
DAGを構成する脂肪酸のうち、リノレン酸の含有量は15%未満、更に0〜13%、また更に1〜10%、特に2〜9%であるのが肥満防止効果、摂取性、及び酸化安定性の点で好ましい。リノレン酸は、異性体としてα−リノレン酸とγ−リノレン酸が知られているが、α−リノレン酸が好ましい。
なお、DAGが油脂成分中100%である場合には、脂肪酸組成中にリノール酸とリノレン酸合計量が20%以上となることが好ましい。
鉄化合物としては、硫酸鉄、塩化第二鉄、フマル酸第一鉄、炭酸第一鉄、酸化鉄等が挙げられる。該鉄化合物のペットフード中の含有量は、ペットフードの配合において許容できる範囲、鉄換算で0.00001〜1%、更に0.00005〜0.3%、特に0.0001〜0.1%が好ましい。
本発明のペットフードは、保存安定性及び嗜好性の点から、クエン酸類をクエン酸換算で0.7質量%以上、更に0.75質量%以上、特に1.0質量%以上含有していることが好ましい。クエン酸類含有量の上限値としては、嗜好性、保存時の臭いを考慮して3.0質量%、特に2.5質量%が好ましい。
<ペットフードのpH測定方法>
ペットフード10gを45℃のイオン交換水(好ましくは25℃における電気伝導度が0.01mS/m以下のイオン交換水)60mL中に加えて十分に攪拌し、1時間静置した後に定性ろ紙(No.1, Advantec製)を用いてろ過し、濾液を25℃においてpH測定した。
なお、ペットフードの性状が固形の場合には、乳鉢等を使用して細かく磨り潰した後に上記攪拌操作を行うことが好ましい。
植物性タンパク質としては、大豆タンパク質、小麦タンパク質、小麦グルテン、コーングルテン等が好ましい。
表1の脂肪酸組成及び表2のグリセリド組成を持つジアシルグリセロール高含有油脂3gに、以下に示したキレート剤として用いる試薬を少量の水に溶解したものを添加した。
使用した各キレート剤試薬及びその評価試料中濃度は以下のとおりである。
(金属イオン供給源)
硫酸第一鉄 :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
硫酸銅/塩化銅 :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
(鉄及び銅化合物のキレート剤に用いた試薬)
クエン酸 :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
クエン酸ナトリウム(二水和物):試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
グルコン酸ナトリウム :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
ポリリン酸ナトリウム :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
(鉄化合物のキレート剤に用いた試薬)
リンゴ酸 :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
乳酸ナトリウム :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
硫酸ナトリウム :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
メタリン酸ナトリウム :試薬、和光純薬製 1000ppm
(銅化合物のキレート評価に用いた試薬)
アスコルビン酸 :試薬、和光純薬製 100ppm
L−アスコルビン酸パルミテート(VCP):DSMニュートリション製 100ppm
調製した試料を、自動油脂安定性試験装置(「ランシマット743」、メトローム社製)に取り付け、20mL/minの条件で空気をバブリングしながら120℃に保ち、電気伝導率を測定する。経時時間に対する電気伝導率をプロットし、図1のようにして立ち上がりの時間を求め、安定性の評価とする。これは、酸化により電気伝導率が増加するという原理に基づく評価であり、立ち上がり時間が長いことは酸化に対する耐性が高いことを意味する。
油脂に対する鉄化合物及び銅化合物の酸化促進作用の抑制効果を種々のキレート剤で評価した結果を表3及び表4に示す。
これらの結果により、鉄化合物及び銅化合物の油脂に対する酸化促進作用は、クエン酸及びクエン酸ナトリウムで最も抑制されることがわかった。
その時の抑制効果を、立ち上がり時間で2時間以上のものを◎、1.5時間以上2時間未満のものを○、1時間以上1.5時間未満のものを△、1時間未満のものを×と表わした。
これらの結果より、pHは低いほど抑制効果が低くなっていることがわかる。
表6に示す組成の原料を用い、表9に記載の成分を添加し、エクストルーダーで混合押出成型をすることにより、直径10mm、長さ約10mmの円柱状のペットフード(キブル)を製造した。
実施例1において、クエン酸及びクエン酸Naの量を表9に示す様に変えた以外は同様にして作成したペットフードについて、同様の評価を行った。なお、比較例3においては比較のためにポリリン酸Naを2.0質量%加えた。
温度40℃、相対湿度75%の環境下で16週間保存し、油脂の臭いの変化を5名のヒトによる官能で評価した。気にならない範囲の順から、「変性臭がほとんど感じない」と答えた人数が「4名以上」を○、「2〜3名」を△、「1名以下」を×と表わした。
温度40℃、相対湿度75%の環境下で保存を行い、それぞれ0,4,8,12,16週間目ごとに取り出し、含有する油脂のPOV(過酸化物価)の測定を行った。結果を表9に示す。
過酸化物価(POV)については、日本油脂化学会制定の「規準油脂分析試験法」の2.4.12.2−94「過酸化物価」に従って分析した。
(1)ペットフードからの油脂の抽出
50gのキブルを粉砕し、1mm目開きのふるいに通し、そのサンプルを円筒ろ紙に充填し、コック付きのオープンカラムにセットした。コックを閉じたまま、上方から滴下ロートで150mLのジエチルエーテルを滴下し、滴下終了後カラムのコックを開けてジエチルエーテルを回収した。次に、50mLジエチルエーテルにて同様の操作を行った。回収したジエチルエーテルをエバポレーターを用いてトッピングすることにより除去し、ペットフードからの抽出油脂を得た。
ペットフードから抽出した油脂0.5gを250mLのトールビーカーに量り取り、酢酸/イソオクタン=3/2(容積比)の溶液20mL溶かした。0.1mLの飽和ヨウ化カリウム溶液をそのトールビーカーに加え、1分間よく振とうした。その後、30mLの蒸留水を加え滴定サンプルとした。この滴定サンプルを0.01Nチオ硫酸ナトリウムで滴定した。このとき、メトロームシバタ(株)のPOV自動滴定装置、DMPティトリーノ785型を使用した。
ミキサーで砕いたキブル(3.0g)に5%過塩素酸5mLを加え、10分間震とうする。震とう後、50mLのメスフラスコで定容する。10分間超音波処理を行い、ろ過した溶液を用い高速液体クロマトグラ(HPLC)法で測定する。なお、HPLC測定条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:Shodex Rspak KC-811 2本、直径8mm×長さ300mm(昭和電工株式会社製)
カラム温度:40℃
移動相:3mmol/L過塩素酸水溶液
反応液:0.2mmol/Lブロムチモールブルー含有15mmol/Lリン酸水素二ナトリウム水溶液
流量:移動相1.0mL/分、反応液1.4mL/分
測定波長:445nm
Claims (6)
- 次の成分(A)、(B)及び(C)、
(A)二重結合を2つ以上含む不飽和脂肪酸が、油脂を構成する脂肪酸中の20質量%以上である油脂 6〜50質量%、
(B)鉄、鉄化合物、銅及び銅化合物から選ばれるミネラル成分 ミネラル換算合計で0.0005〜1質量%、
(C)クエン酸及び/又はその塩 合計量がクエン酸換算で0.7質量%以上
を含有し、pHが3.5〜7.0であるペットフード。 - 前記クエン酸の塩がクエン酸アルカリ金属塩である、請求項1記載のペットフード。
- 前記成分(C)が、クエン酸とクエン酸の塩を共に含む、請求項1又は2記載のペットフード。
- 前記油脂(A)中に、ジアシルグリセロールを10〜85質量%含有する請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のペットフード。
- 二重結合を2つ以上含む不飽和脂肪酸が、油脂を構成する脂肪酸中の20質量%以上である油脂と、鉄、鉄化合物、銅及び銅化合物から選ばれるミネラル成分をミネラル換算合計で0.0005〜1質量%含むペットフードの製造方法であって、クエン酸及びクエン酸のアルカリ金属塩を合計で、クエン酸換算で0.7質量%以上配合することを特徴とするペットフードの製造方法。
- ペットフード中の前記クエン酸/クエン酸アルカリ金属塩(質量比)が10/1〜1/10となるように、クエン酸及びクエン酸アルカリ金属塩を添加する、請求項5記載のペットフードの製造方法。
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