JP5216758B2 - 固定床吸熱反応用の内部燃焼交換反応器 - Google Patents
固定床吸熱反応用の内部燃焼交換反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5216758B2 JP5216758B2 JP2009500889A JP2009500889A JP5216758B2 JP 5216758 B2 JP5216758 B2 JP 5216758B2 JP 2009500889 A JP2009500889 A JP 2009500889A JP 2009500889 A JP2009500889 A JP 2009500889A JP 5216758 B2 JP5216758 B2 JP 5216758B2
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- zone
- heat exchange
- catalyst zone
- catalyst
- exchange reactor
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 10
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、熱交換反応器(1)であって、
・ 容器(2);
・ 固定床触媒帯域(10)を通じて供給材料を分配する手段;
・ 触媒帯域(10)からの流出物を収集する手段(6);および
・ 触媒帯域(10)を加熱する手段
を含み、前記収集手段(6)は、触媒帯域(10)を貫通する導管を含み、該導管は、触媒帯域に分配され、かつ、加熱手段の間に置かれ、触媒帯域の加熱手段は、鞘体(8)に収容され、該鞘体(8)は、一部が触媒帯域(10)内に埋められ、該鞘体(8)は、それらの端部の一方において開口し、かつ、他方において閉塞し、開口端は、収集チャンバ(19)を画定する上部管板(21)に固定され、該収集チャンバ(19)は、触媒帯域(10)の上方に位置し、前記加熱手段は、触媒帯域に近接して位置する少なくとも1つの燃焼帯域(13)と、前記燃焼帯域(13)に酸化ガス混合物(15)およびガス状燃料(17)を供給する手段と、燃焼に由来するガス状流出物を燃焼部から排出する手段(14)とを含む、熱交換反応器(1)に関する。
・ 実質的に触媒帯域の上方の高さにおいて鞘体内で開口する、酸化ガス混合物供給管;および
・ 一端において燃料供給手段に接続され、酸化ガス混合物供給管の内側に位置し、同管と実質的に同一の高さにおいて開口する、燃料管と称される燃料分配手段
によって構成され得る。
・ 実質的に前記鞘体の底部において鞘体内で開口する酸化ガス混合物供給管;および
・ 一端において燃料供給手段に接続され、酸化ガス混合物供給管の内側に位置し、実質的に鞘体の底部に延び、少なくとも1つの多孔質壁部を含む、燃料管と称される燃料分配手段
によって構成され得る。
・ 実質的に前記鞘部の底部において鞘体内で開口する酸化ガス混合物供給管;および
・ 燃料分配管の下流に配置され、触媒帯域に対して直角に酸化ガス混合物を供給する管の内側および高さの少なくとも一部より上に位置する酸化触媒。
図1は、図2において説明される本発明の反応器の軸BB’に沿う断面図を示す。生じた合成ガスを収集する手段(406)は、触媒帯域(410)内に分配され、かつ、加熱手段の間に置かれ、その結果、供給材料と生じた合成ガスとの間の熱交換が均一である。それ故に、本発明の反応器のこの構成は、触媒帯域内の均一な熱の分配を可能にする。鞘体(408)は、燃焼に由来するガス流出物を再循環させる管(409)を収容する。
・ 上部触媒帯域(10a);
・ 中間触媒帯域(10b);
・ 下部不活性帯域(10c)。
・ 炭化水素供給材料を供給する手段(3);
・ 穿孔下部管板(4);該板(4)は、管状素子において触媒帯域を通じた炭化水素供給材料の通過を可能にする;該管状素子は、穿孔の延長線上にあり、該板に接続される;供給材料管(5)と称される管状素子は、下部不活性帯域の厚さに実質的に等しい長さを有する;穿孔下部管板(4)および管状素子は、触媒帯域を通じて供給材料を分配する手段を構成する:
・ 触媒帯域の上方に位置し、触媒帯域からの流出物を収集するチャンバ(19);前記収集チャンバ(19)は、上部管板(21)によって遮断される;この上部管板(21)は、反応器の容器に固定されシールされる;
・ 触媒帯域(10)を貫通する、触媒帯域からの流出物を収集する手段(6);前記収集手段(6)は、導管によって構成され、この導管は、収集チャンバ(19)と触媒帯域からの流出物を排出するための手段(18)とを連通するように置かれる;
を含み、
・ 触媒帯域に由来する流出物を収集するチャンバ(19)を遮断する上部管板(21)は、鞘体(8)が固定およびシールされるオリフィスを有する;鞘体(8)は、触媒帯域(10)、より特定的には、上部活性触媒帯域(10a)に埋められる;鞘体(8)は、一方の端部において開口し、他端において閉塞し、開口端は、管板(21)に固定され、管板(21)と管板(20)との間に位置するスペースの方に開口し、閉塞端は、活性触媒帯域に埋められる;管板(21)と管板(20)との間に位置するスペースは燃焼に由来するガス状流出物が収集されることを可能にし、排出手段(14)を用いて前記流出物を排出すること可能にする;
・ 鞘体(8)内側には、触媒帯域を加熱する手段の変形があり、前記加熱手段には、酸化ガス混合物を供給する手段(15)およびガス状燃料を供給する手段(17)を介してこれらが供給される。
・ 酸化ガス混合物を供給する管(11);該管は、両端において開口しており、一方の開口端は、管板(20)に固定され、酸化ガス混合物収集スペース(22)の方に開口しており、他方の開口端は、鞘体(8)内に触媒帯域(10)の上端の高さまで差し込まれている;
・ 燃料管と称される管によって構成される燃料分配手段(12);該手段は、その一方の端部において燃料を供給する手段(17)に接続され、実質的に同寸法の酸化ガス混合物を供給する管(11)の内側に位置する;酸化ガス混合物を供給する管(11)の下端および燃料管(12)の下端は、燃焼帯域(13)上に、すなわち、燃焼反応が起こる帯域上に開口する;燃焼帯域(13)は、鞘体(8)内にて触媒帯域(10)の上端の高さに位置する;
・ 燃焼からのガス状流出物を再循環させる管(9);これは、その両端において開口しており、鞘体(8)内の燃焼帯域(13)の下流に位置する;
の同軸部によって構成される:
図3は、加熱手段の別の変形例であって、同一寸法の下端において閉塞している燃料管(112)を含む、酸化ガス混合物を供給する管(111)が鞘体(108)の底部にまで延びているものを示す。
水蒸気改質反応を行うために熱交換反応器が用いられる場合、炭化水素供給材料は、軽質炭化水素、例えば、天然ガス、製油所ガス、LPG、軽質ナフサ、バイオガス(廃棄物、バイオマスの発酵に由来するもの等)(単独または混合物として利用される)の水蒸気との混合物、好ましくは、吸熱反応が水蒸気メタン改質反応である場合にはメタンと水蒸気の混合物を含む。
・ 管板と接触する、不活性粒子の床からなる下部不活性帯域;
・ 活性水蒸気改質触媒帯域において用いられるものと同一であっても異なってもよい触媒からなる中間予備改質触媒帯域;
・ 従来の水蒸気改質触媒からなる上部水蒸気改質触媒帯域。
・ 熱交換は供給材料を予備加熱するだけではなくそれを転化もするので、生じた合成ガスに含まれる熱は最も有利に用いられる;これは、主要な改質装置の負担を制限し、同等のコークス形成の危険に対して主要な改質装置のより高い温度の攻撃を提供する;
・ 予備改質はまた、供給材料の最も重質の成分を転化し得、これは、主要な改質装置の触媒を維持し、処理されるべき供給材料の性質に関して設備に、より高い柔軟性を与える。
CH4 + 1/2O2 → CO + 2H2
この反応(高い発熱性)は、1200〜1500℃の範囲の高温で起こる:生じた熱は、先行の基本的な事例のように、水蒸気改質反応のために用いられ得る。
水蒸気改質反応は、有利には高温で操作するが、この高温は、触媒帯域の入口と出口の間で変動する:
・ 触媒帯域への入口では、温度は500〜750℃である;
・ 触媒帯域からの出口では、温度は750〜950℃、好ましくは850〜900℃である。
Claims (20)
- 熱交換反応器(1)であって、
・ 容器(2)と、
・ 固定床触媒帯域(10)を通じて供給材料を分配する手段と、
・ 触媒帯域(10)に由来する流出物を収集する手段(6)と、
・ 触媒帯域(10)を加熱する手段と
を含み、前記収集手段(6)は、触媒帯域(10)を貫通する導管を含み、該導管は、触媒帯域内に分配され、かつ、加熱手段の間に置かれ、触媒帯域の加熱手段は、鞘体(8)内に収容され、該鞘体(8)は、一部が触媒帯域(10)内に埋められ、鞘体(8)は、一端において開口し、他端において閉塞し、開口端は、上部管板(21)に固定され、該上部管板(21)は、触媒帯域(10)の上方に位置する収集チャンバ(19)を画定し、該加熱手段は、触媒帯域に近接して位置する少なくとも1つの燃焼帯域(13)と、該燃焼帯域(13)に酸化ガス混合物を供給する手段(15)と、該燃焼帯域(13)にガス状燃料を供給する手段(17)と、燃焼に由来するガス状流出物を排出する手段(14)とを含み、
触媒帯域(10)は穿孔下部管板(4)上に位置し、該板(4)に接続される供給材料管(5)から触媒帯域(10)を通じて供給材料が分配され、前記導管は、触媒帯域(10)の上方に位置する収集チャンバ(19)と、触媒帯域(10)の下方に位置する流出物を排出する手段(18)との間に位置する、熱交換反応器。 - 少なくとも2つの収集手段(6)が、ただ一つの固定床触媒帯域に分配され、かつ、少なくとも2つの加熱手段の間に置かれる、請求項1に記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 供給材料を分配する手段は、穿孔下部管板(4)を含み、該板の穿孔は、供給材料管(5)と称される管状素子によって延長される、請求項1または2に記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 穿孔下部管板(4)は、不活性小球の床によって支持される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 触媒帯域(10)は、前記穿孔下部管板(4)上に位置する少なくとも1つの下部不活性帯域(10c)を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 触媒帯域(10)は、前記穿孔下部管板(4)上に位置する少なくとの1つの不活性下部帯域(10c)を含み、同帯域(10c)の厚さは、実質的に前記供給材料管(5)の長さに対応する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 触媒帯域(10)に由来する流出物を収集する手段(6)の導管は、触媒帯域(10)の下流に位置する収集チャンバ(19)と前記流出物を排出する手段(18)との間に位置する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 触媒帯域(10)に由来する流出物を収集する手段(6)の導管は、供給材料管(5)の内部スペースにおいて前記穿孔下部管板(4)を横断する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 触媒帯域(10)からの流出物を収集する手段(6)の導管は、触媒帯域(10)と接触する表面積を増加させるために外壁上にリブを有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 鞘体(8)は、触媒帯域(10)と接触する表面積を増加させるために外壁上にリブを有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 加熱手段は、下記の同軸部材:
・ 実質的に触媒帯域(10)の上方の高さにおいて鞘体(8)内で開口する酸化ガス混合物供給管(11);および
・ 燃料管(12)と称される燃料分配手段であって、一端において燃料供給手段(17)に接続され、酸化ガス混合物供給管(11)の内側に位置し、かつ、同管(11)と実質的に同一高さにおいて開口する、燃料分配手段;
によって構成される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(1)。 - 燃焼帯域は、鞘体(8)内に触媒帯域(10)の上端高さで位置する、請求項11に記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 加熱手段は、燃焼帯域に由来するガス状流出物を再循環させる管(9)を含み、該管は、両端において開口し、鞘体(8)内にて燃焼帯域(13)の下流に位置する、請求項11に記載の熱交換反応器(1)。
- 加熱手段は、下記の同軸部材:
・ 鞘体(108)内で、実質的に前記鞘体の底部において開口する酸化ガス混合物供給管(111);および
・ 燃料管(112)と称される燃料を分配する手段であって、一端において燃料を供給する手段(117)に接続され、酸化ガス混合物供給管(111)の内側に位置し、実質的に鞘体(108)の底部に延び、少なくとも1つの多孔質壁部を含む手段
によって構成される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(101)。 - 燃料管(112)の壁に作られた穿孔は、触媒帯域(110)内に埋められた燃料管(112)の壁に沿って分配された複数の燃焼帯域(113)を画定する、請求項14に記載の熱交換反応器(101)。
- 酸化ガス混合物供給管(211)は、その全高および触媒帯域の上端まで酸化触媒(223)で満たされる、請求項14に記載の熱交換反応器(201)。
- 加熱手段は、
・ 鞘体(208)内で、実質的に該鞘体の底部において開口する酸化ガス混合物供給管(211);および
・ 酸化ガス混合物供給管(211)の内側および高さの少なくとも一部より上に触媒帯域(210)に対して直角に、および燃料分配管(212)の下流に配置される酸化触媒(223)
によって構成される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(201)。 - 触媒帯域(310)に由来する流出物を収集するチャンバ(319)に冷却流体が注入される、請求項1〜17のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(301)。
- 上部穿孔管板(321)は、二重壁(321)、(326)によって構成され、該二重壁(321)、(326)は、その内部スペース内を冷却流体が移動することを可能にする、請求項1〜18のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(301)。
- 燃焼帯域(13)は、触媒帯域(10)の内側に位置する、請求項1〜19のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換反応器(301)。
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- 2007-03-16 KR KR1020087025042A patent/KR101357977B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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FR2898518A1 (fr) | 2007-09-21 |
CN101432065B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
US8273314B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 |
KR20090004965A (ko) | 2009-01-12 |
WO2007118950A1 (fr) | 2007-10-25 |
RU2424847C2 (ru) | 2011-07-27 |
EP1998883B1 (fr) | 2010-08-04 |
JP2009530219A (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
CA2645784A1 (fr) | 2007-10-25 |
FR2898518B1 (fr) | 2009-01-16 |
CN101432065A (zh) | 2009-05-13 |
MX2008011770A (es) | 2008-12-12 |
WO2007118950A9 (fr) | 2009-08-06 |
CA2645784C (fr) | 2014-05-13 |
RU2008141143A (ru) | 2010-04-27 |
KR101357977B1 (ko) | 2014-02-03 |
PL1998883T3 (pl) | 2011-04-29 |
US20090274593A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
BRPI0708847B1 (pt) | 2016-06-14 |
ATE476250T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
BRPI0708847A2 (pt) | 2011-06-21 |
EP1998883A1 (fr) | 2008-12-10 |
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