JP5204616B2 - Polarizing plate, optical film and image display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a polarizing plate. The polarizing plate can form an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device (LCD), an organic EL display device, a CRT, or a PDP alone or as an optical film in which the polarizing plate is laminated.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention has, for example, a discotic liquid crystal layer as a liquid crystal optical compensation layer, and can be used as an elliptical polarizing plate with an optical compensation function, which can improve display contrast and viewing angle characteristics of display colors. It is.

  Liquid crystal display devices are rapidly marketed in watches, mobile phones, PDAs, notebook computers, personal computer monitors, DVD players, TVs, and the like. A liquid crystal display device visualizes a change in polarization state due to switching of liquid crystal, and a polarizer is used from the display principle. In particular, displays with higher brightness and higher contrast are required for applications such as TV, and light polarizers with higher brightness (high transmittance) and higher contrast (high polarization degree) have been developed and introduced. Yes.

  At present, the mainstream method of a general liquid crystal display device is a TFT-LCD using a TN liquid crystal. This method has advantages such as high response speed and high contrast. However, when the display of a panel using TN liquid crystal is viewed from an angle inclined from the normal direction, the contrast is remarkably lowered, and gradation inversion that reverses the gradation display occurs. It has the characteristic that the viewing angle is narrow. On the other hand, in applications such as large PC monitors and televisions, high contrast, wide viewing angle, and small display color change due to viewing angle are required. Therefore, when a TN mode TFT-LCD is used for such applications, a retardation film for compensating the viewing angle is indispensable.

  As this retardation film, a stretched birefringent polymer film has been conventionally used. Recently, it has been proposed to use an optical compensation film having an optically anisotropic layer formed of liquid crystalline molecules on a transparent support, instead of an optical compensation film made of a stretched birefringent film. Since liquid crystal molecules have various alignment forms, it has become possible to realize optical properties that cannot be obtained with conventional stretched birefringent polymer films by using liquid crystal molecules.

  An O-plate is used as the retardation film for viewing angle compensation as described above. For example, a wide view film manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation using a discotic liquid crystal having negative refractive index anisotropy has been proposed (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). This retardation film has a discotic liquid crystal layer having an optical axis inclined and oriented on one side of a transparent substrate film. This retardation film is mainly intended to improve viewing angle characteristics in a voltage application state for black display. That is, in a voltage application state, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell exhibit positive refractive index anisotropy having an optical axis inclined from the glass substrate. In order to compensate for the retardation due to the refractive index anisotropy, the retardation film uses a liquid crystalline molecule having an optical axis inclined from the normal direction of the film and having negative refractive index anisotropy.

  In the retardation film for viewing angle compensation, the transparent substrate film is used as an elliptically polarizing plate by laminating a polarizer through an adhesive layer. In the elliptically polarizing plate, a transparent protective film is bonded to one side of the polarizer (opposite side of the retardation film) with an adhesive layer. As a polarizer, for example, an iodine-based polarizer having a stretched structure obtained by adsorbing iodine to polyvinyl alcohol has a high transmittance and a high degree of polarization, and is therefore widely used as the most common polarizer. As the transparent protective film, triacetyl cellulose having a high moisture permeability is used.

  A liquid crystal panel in which the elliptically polarizing plate is bonded to a liquid crystal cell is mounted and used in a liquid crystal display device. Since liquid crystal display devices are subjected to various conditions such as heating and humidification conditions, high durability that does not impair display quality is required even in such an environment.

  However, when triacetylcellulose or the like used as a transparent protective film is subjected to heating or humidification conditions, the phase difference may change greatly, resulting in display unevenness in the periphery of the liquid crystal panel and display failure. is there. This display unevenness in the peripheral portion may be particularly noticeable when the above-described elliptically polarizing plate is used.

  On the other hand, the transparent protective film used for the polarizing plate is bonded to the polarizer with an adhesive, but when creating the polarizing plate, when the polarizer and the transparent protective film are bonded together, there is a nick (knic defect). There are problems that occur. A knick is a local irregularity defect that occurs at the interface between a polarizer and a transparent protective film. For such nicks, there has been proposed a method of laminating a transparent protective film on a surface of a polyvinyl alcohol film adjusted in water content with a calender roll under predetermined conditions as a polarizer. (Patent Document 3). In addition, the nick is particularly likely to occur when a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used as the polyvinyl alcohol adhesive.

JP-A-8-95032 Japanese Patent No. 2767382 JP 2006-119203 A

  The present invention is a polarizing plate having an adhesive layer, a transparent protective film and a liquid crystal optical compensation layer in this order on at least one surface of a polarizer, and an adhesive layer and a transparent protective film in this order on the other surface. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a polarizing plate that can suppress display unevenness even when the polarizing plate is applied to a liquid crystal panel.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical film in which the polarizing plate is laminated, and to provide an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate and the optical film.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found the polarizing plate shown below and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention has an adhesive layer, a transparent protective film A and a liquid crystal optical compensation layer in this order on one side of a polarizer, and a polarizing plate having an adhesive layer and a transparent protective film B in this order on the other side. Because
The liquid crystal optical compensation layer is a liquid crystal optical compensation layer obtained by tilting the optical axis of liquid crystal, and
At least one of the transparent protective film A and the transparent protective film B relates to a polarizing plate containing a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure.

  In the polarizing plate, the adhesive layer is a resin solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm, and the metal compound colloid is polyvinyl alcohol. It can form from the adhesive agent for polarizing plates mix | blended in the ratio of 200 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of system resin.

  The metal compound colloid is preferably at least one selected from alumina colloid, silica colloid, zirconia colloid, titania colloid and tin oxide colloid. Further, the metal compound colloid preferably has a positive charge, and alumina colloid is particularly preferable.

  In the polarizing plate, a discotic liquid crystal layer can be suitably used as the liquid crystal optical compensation layer.

  The present invention also relates to an optical film in which at least one polarizing plate is laminated.

  The present invention also relates to an image display device using the polarizing plate or the optical film.

  In the present invention, at least one surface of the polarizing plate uses a transparent protective film containing a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure has low moisture permeability, and the polarizing plate using the transparent protective film has heat resistance in a high temperature environment and moisture resistance in a high humidity environment even when applied to a liquid crystal panel. It is possible to satisfy durability such as property.

  The polarizing plate of the present invention is obtained by laminating a liquid crystal optical compensation layer such as a discotic liquid crystal layer on a transparent protective film, and when applying the polarizing plate to a liquid crystal panel, for optical compensation of a liquid crystal cell. Usually, the liquid crystal optical compensation layer is disposed on the liquid crystal cell side. In such an arrangement, since the transparent protective film having good durability is arranged outside the liquid crystal optical compensation layer based on the liquid crystal cell, the transparent protective film having a low moisture permeability functions as a barrier layer ( Hygroscopicity under humidification conditions can be prevented), the change in retardation of the liquid crystal optical compensation layer can be controlled to be small, and the in-plane uniformity of the liquid crystal panel can be ensured.

  In the present invention, when a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive containing a metal compound colloid having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm is used for forming an adhesive layer for bonding a polarizer and a transparent protective film, Occurrence of the nick is suppressed by the action of the metal compound colloid. Thereby, the yield at the time of producing a polarizing plate can be improved, and the productivity of a polarizing plate improves, As a result, the productivity of a liquid crystal panel improves.

  The metal compound colloid preferably has a positive charge. A metal compound colloid having a positive charge has a greater effect of suppressing the occurrence of nicks than a metal compound colloid having a negative charge. Among these, alumina colloid is suitable as the metal compound colloid having a positive charge.

  As the polarizing plate adhesive for forming the adhesive layer, a polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used, but the present invention is particularly suitable when a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used as the polyvinyl alcohol resin. It is. An adhesive using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group can form an adhesive layer having excellent water resistance. On the other hand, in the adhesive for polarizing plates using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group, many occurrences of nicks were observed. In the adhesive for polarizing plates of the present invention, the metal compound colloid is blended. Thus, the occurrence of nicks in the polarizing plate adhesive using a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group can be suppressed. Thereby, it has water resistance and can suppress the generation of nicks.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a polarizing plate according to a representative embodiment of the present invention. The polarizing plate 10 of the present invention has an adhesive layer 12, a transparent protective film A, and a liquid crystal optical compensation layer D in this order on one side of a polarizer 11, and an adhesive layer 12 'and a transparent protective film on the other side. B. The transparent protective film A and the liquid crystal optical compensation layer D can be sequentially laminated on the polarizer 11, but usually the transparent protective film A and the liquid crystal optical compensation layer D can be used as the laminated film 13. In FIG. 1, the case where it uses as the laminated | multilayer film 13 is shown. Although not shown in FIG. 1, an alignment film can be provided between the transparent base film A and the liquid crystal optical compensation layer D. When the alignment film is not provided, one obtained by rubbing one side of the transparent base film A can be usually used.

  In the polarizing plate 10 of the present invention, at least one of the transparent protective film A and the transparent protective film B contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. The transparent protective film A and the transparent protective film B may both contain a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure, and only one of them has a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. May be contained. When only one of the transparent protective films contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure, the one transparent optical film is transparent on the side where the liquid crystal optical compensation layer D is not provided. It is preferable to apply to the film B. Usually, in the liquid crystal panel, since the liquid crystal optical compensation layer D side is disposed on the liquid crystal cell side, the transparent protective film B disposed on the outer side contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. By adopting the transparent protective film having low moisture permeability, the effect of the transparent protective film as a barrier layer can be further exhibited. For the adhesive layers 12 and 12 ', a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive containing a metal compound colloid is preferably used.

  The polarizer is not particularly limited, and various types can be used. Examples of the polarizer include hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol film, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol film, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film, and two colors such as iodine and dichroic dye. And polyene-based oriented films such as those obtained by adsorbing a functional material and uniaxially stretched, polyvinyl alcohol dehydrated products, and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated products. Among these, a polarizer composed of a polyvinyl alcohol film and a dichroic material such as iodine is preferable. The thickness of these polarizers is not particularly limited, but is generally about 5 to 80 μm, preferably 10 to 50 μm, and more preferably 20 to 40 μm.

  A polarizer obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film with iodine and uniaxially stretching it can be prepared, for example, by immersing polyvinyl alcohol in an aqueous solution of iodine and stretching it 3 to 7 times the original length. If necessary, it can be immersed in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide. Further, if necessary, the polyvinyl alcohol film may be immersed in water and washed before dyeing. In addition to washing the polyvinyl alcohol film surface with dirt and anti-blocking agents by washing the polyvinyl alcohol film with water, it also has the effect of preventing unevenness such as uneven coloring by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol film. is there. Stretching may be performed after dyeing with iodine, may be performed while dyeing, or may be dyed with iodine after stretching. The film can be stretched in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide or in a water bath.

  Any appropriate moisture content may be adopted as the moisture content of the polarizer, but it is preferably 5 to 40%, more preferably 10 to 30%, and most preferably 20 to 30%.

  The moisture content of the polarizer of the present invention may be adjusted by any appropriate method. For example, there is a method of controlling by adjusting the conditions of the drying process in the manufacturing process of the polarizer.

  As the polarizer used in the present invention, in addition to the above-described polarizer, for example, a polarizer obtained by stretching a polymer film kneaded with a dichroic material and oriented in a certain direction, a dichroic material and a liquid crystal A guest-host type O-type polarizer (US Pat. No. 5,523,863, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-503322) and a lyotropic liquid crystal in which a liquid crystal composition containing a functional compound is aligned in a certain direction An E-type polarizer oriented in the direction (US Pat. No. 6,049,428) or the like can also be used.

  As the transparent protective film A and the transparent protective film B used on both sides of the polarizer, at least one of them contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure.

  Examples of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure include JP 2000-230016, JP 2001-151814, JP 2002-120326, JP 2002-254544, and JP 2005. No. 146084, JP-A-2006-171464, and the like.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure preferably has a ring structure represented by the following general formula (1).

^Wherein, R 1, ^{R 2} and ^{R 3} each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The organic residue may contain an oxygen atom.

  The content ratio of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the structure of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is preferably 5 to 90% by weight, more preferably 10 to 70% by weight, The amount is preferably 10 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 50% by weight. When the content of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the structure of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is less than 5% by weight, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and surface hardness are poor. May be sufficient. If the content of the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the structure of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is more than 90% by weight, molding processability may be poor. The ratio of the lactone ring structure in the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure can be determined by gas chromatography and dynamic TG measurement as described in, for example, JP-A-2006-171464. it can.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure may have a structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1). The structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, but a (meth) acrylic acid ester which will be described later as a method for producing a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. , A polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a monomer represented by the following general formula (2): .

In the formula, R ⁴ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an —OAc group, a —CN group, or a —CO—R ⁵ group, and Ac The group represents an acetyl group, and R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

  The content ratio of the structure other than the lactone ring structure represented by the general formula (1) in the (meth) acrylic resin structure having a lactone ring structure is a polymer structure formed by polymerizing a (meth) acrylate ester. In the case of a unit (repeating structural unit), it is preferably 10 to 95% by weight, more preferably 10 to 90% by weight, further preferably 40 to 90% by weight, and particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing a polymer, it is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, still more preferably 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0. -10% by weight. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, still more preferably 0 to 15% by weight, particularly Preferably it is 0 to 10% by weight. In the case of a polymer structural unit (repeating structural unit) formed by polymerizing the monomer represented by the general formula (2), it is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, still more preferably. Is 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 10% by weight.

  The method for producing the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure is not particularly limited. Preferably, an acrylic polymer (a) having a hydroxyl group and an ester group in the molecular chain is obtained by a polymerization step. Thereafter, the obtained acrylic polymer (a) is heat-treated to carry out a lactone cyclization condensation step for introducing a lactone ring structure into the polymer.

  In the polymerization step, an acrylic polymer (a) having a hydroxyl group and an ester group in the molecular chain by carrying out a polymerization reaction of a monomer component containing a monomer represented by the following general formula (3). Get.

In the formula, R ⁶ and R ⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (3) include methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, isopropyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate, 2- ( Hydroxymethyl) normal butyl acrylate, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate tertiary butyl and the like. Among these, methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate and 2- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl acrylate are preferable, and methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate is particularly preferable in that the effect of improving heat resistance is high. As for the monomer represented by the general formula (3), only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

  The monomer component used in the polymerization step may contain a monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (3). As such a monomer, for example, the (meth) acrylic acid ester, the hydroxyl group-containing monomer, the unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the monomer represented by the general formula (2) are preferably mentioned. Only one type of monomer other than the monomer represented by formula (3) may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

  The (meth) acrylic acid ester is not particularly limited as long as it is a (meth) acrylic acid ester other than the monomer represented by the general formula (1). For example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid n -Acrylic acid esters such as butyl, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid methacrylic acid esters such as t-butyl, cyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate; and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, methyl methacrylate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of excellent heat resistance and transparency.

  The hydroxyl group-containing monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydroxyl group-containing monomer other than the monomer represented by the general formula (2). For example, α-hydroxymethyl styrene, α-hydroxyethyl styrene, 2 -2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid ester such as methyl (hydroxyethyl) acrylate; 2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid such as 2- (hydroxyethyl) acrylic acid, and the like. Or two or more of them may be used in combination.

  Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, α-substituted acrylic acid, α-substituted methacrylic acid and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. You may do it. Among these, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferable in that the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.

  Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (2) include styrene, vinyl toluene, α-methyl styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, propylene, and vinyl acetate. These are used alone. Or two or more of them may be used in combination. Among these, styrene and α-methylstyrene are particularly preferable in that the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.

  When performing the cyclization condensation reaction, in addition to the acrylic polymer (a), another thermoplastic resin may coexist. Moreover, when performing cyclization condensation reaction, the catalyst of cyclization condensation reaction can be used as needed.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure has a mass average molecular weight (sometimes referred to as a weight average molecular weight) of preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 500,000, and particularly preferably. Is 50,000 to 500,000. If the mass average molecular weight is out of the above range, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of molding processability. The mass average molecular weight was determined in terms of polystyrene using a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC system, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation). Tetrahydrofuran was used as the solvent.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure has a Tg (glass transition temperature) of preferably 115 ° C. or higher, more preferably 125 ° C. or higher, further preferably 130 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 135 ° C. or higher, most preferably. 140 ° C. or higher. Since Tg is 115 ° C. or higher, for example, the durability is excellent. Although the upper limit of Tg of the (meth) acrylic resin having the lactone ring structure is not particularly limited, it is preferably 170 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of moldability and the like.

  The (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure of the present invention preferably has a higher total light transmittance measured by a method according to ASTM-D-1003, preferably 85% or more, more preferably It is 88% or more, more preferably 90% or more. The total light transmittance is a measure of transparency. If the total light transmittance is less than 85%, the transparency may be lowered.

  In addition, the transparent protective film of this invention can contain another thermoplastic resin other than the (meth) acrylic-type resin which has a lactone ring structure. Other thermoplastic resins are preferably those that are thermodynamically compatible and improve transparency and mechanical strength.

  The content of the thermoplastic resin other than the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure in the transparent protective film of the present invention is 40% by weight or less. When the content ratio of the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure in the transparent protective film is more than 40% by weight, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently exhibited. When the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure contains another thermoplastic resin, the ratio of the former: the latter is preferably 60 to 99: 1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 70. ~ 97: 3 to 30 wt%, more preferably 80 to 95: 5 to 20 wt%.

  Examples of the other thermoplastic resins include olefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, and poly (4-methyl-1-pentene); halogen-containing materials such as vinyl chloride and chlorinated vinyl resins. Acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate; styrene polymers such as polystyrene, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymer; polyethylene terephthalate, poly Polyesters such as butylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 610; polyacetal; polycarbonate; polyphenylene oxide; polyphenylene sulfide; Chromatography ether ether ketone; polysulfone; polyether sulfone; polyoxyethylene benzylidene alkylene; polyamideimide; polybutadiene rubber, rubber-like polymer such as ABS resin or ASA resin containing an acrylic rubber; and the like.

  Although the thickness of a transparent protective film can be determined suitably, generally it is about 1-500 micrometers from points, such as workability | operativity, such as intensity | strength and handleability, and thin layer property. 1-300 micrometers is especially preferable, and 5-200 micrometers is more preferable. From the viewpoint of thinning, the thickness of the transparent protective film is preferably 5 to 100 μm. In addition, nicks are more likely to occur as the transparent protective film becomes thinner.

  The transparent protective film containing the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure according to the present invention can be obtained by melt extrusion of a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure into a film. The resulting film can be stretched to improve film strength.

  A transparent protective film containing a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure does not produce a retardation in an unstretched state. However, when stretched, a retardation is produced. Among the other thermoplastic resins, A compound that functions as a phase difference reducing agent can be blended to prevent the phase difference from occurring. Examples of the phase difference reducing agent include a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The retardation value can be controlled by the draw ratio and the blending amount of the retardation reducing agent.

Further, the transparent protective film containing the (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure of the present invention can satisfy a moisture permeability of 300 g / m ² or less, and is preferable in terms of durability. The moisture permeability is further preferably 250 g / m ² or less, and more preferably 200 g / m ² or less.

  As described above, in the present invention, at least one of the transparent protective film A and the transparent protective film B used on both sides of the polarizer contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure. However, materials other than the above can be used for the transparent protective film on one side. As materials other than those described above, materials excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy and the like are preferable. For example, polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, cellulose polymers such as diacetyl cellulose and triacetyl cellulose, acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, styrene such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin) -Based polymer, polycarbonate-based polymer and the like. In addition, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefins having a cyclo or norbornene structure, polyolefin polymers such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, vinyl chloride polymers, amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide, imide polymers, sulfone polymers , Polyether sulfone polymer, polyether ether ketone polymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, vinyl alcohol polymer, vinylidene chloride polymer, vinyl butyral polymer, arylate polymer, polyoxymethylene polymer, epoxy polymer, or the above Polymer blends and the like are also examples of polymers that form the transparent protective film. A transparent protective film is usually bonded to the polarizer by an adhesive layer, but as a transparent protective film disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell, (meth) acrylic, urethane-based, acrylic-urethane-based In addition, a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy type or a silicone type or an ultraviolet curable resin can be used.

  Although the retardation of the transparent protective film of the present invention is not particularly limited, those having an in-plane retardation of less than 40 nm and a thickness direction retardation of less than 80 nm are usually used. The in-plane phase difference Re is represented by Re = (nx−ny) × d. The thickness direction retardation Rth is represented by Rth = (nx−nz) × d. The Nz coefficient is represented by Nz = (nx−nz) / (nx−ny). [However, the refractive indexes in the slow axis direction, the fast axis direction, and the thickness direction of the film are nx, ny, and nz, respectively, and d (nm) is the thickness of the film. The slow axis direction is the direction that maximizes the refractive index in the film plane. ]. In addition, it is preferable that a transparent protective film has as little color as possible. A protective film having a thickness direction retardation value of −90 nm to +75 nm is preferably used. By using a film having a thickness direction retardation value (Rth) of −90 nm to +75 nm, the coloring (optical coloring) of the polarizing plate caused by the transparent protective film can be almost eliminated. The thickness direction retardation value (Rth) is more preferably −80 nm to +60 nm, and particularly preferably −70 nm to +45 nm.

  On the other hand, a phase difference plate having an in-plane retardation of 40 nm or more and / or a thickness direction retardation of 80 nm or more can be used as the transparent protective film of the present invention. The in-plane retardation is usually controlled in the range of 40 to 200 nm, and the thickness direction retardation is usually controlled in the range of 80 to 300 nm. When a retardation plate is used as the transparent protective film, the retardation plate functions also as a transparent protective film, so that the thickness can be reduced.

  In addition, 1 or more types of arbitrary appropriate additives may be contained in the transparent protective film used by this invention. Examples of other additives include hindered phenol-based, phosphorus-based and sulfur-based antioxidants; light-resistant stabilizers, weather-resistant stabilizers, heat-stabilizers, and other stabilizers; reinforcing materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers. UV absorbers such as phenyl salicylate, (2,2′-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxybenzophenone; near infrared absorbers; tris (dibromopropyl) phosphate, triallyl phosphate, antimony oxide Flame retardants such as: antistatic agents such as anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants; colorants such as inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes; organic fillers and inorganic fillers; resin modifiers; Inorganic fillers; plasticizers; lubricants; antistatic agents; flame retardants;

  The content of the additive in the transparent protective film of the present invention is preferably 0 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0 to 2% by weight, and still more preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight.

  The surface of the transparent protective film B on which the polarizer is not adhered may be subjected to a hard coat layer, an antireflection treatment, an antisticking treatment, or a treatment for diffusion or antiglare.

  The hard coat treatment is applied for the purpose of preventing scratches on the surface of the polarizing plate. For example, a transparent protective film with a cured film excellent in hardness, sliding properties, etc. by an appropriate ultraviolet curable resin such as acrylic or silicone is used. It can be formed by a method of adding to the surface of the film. The antireflection treatment is performed for the purpose of preventing reflection of external light on the surface of the polarizing plate, and can be achieved by forming an antireflection film or the like according to the conventional art. Further, the anti-sticking treatment is performed for the purpose of preventing adhesion with an adjacent layer.

  The anti-glare treatment is applied for the purpose of preventing the outside light from being reflected on the surface of the polarizing plate and obstructing the visibility of the light transmitted through the polarizing plate. For example, the surface is roughened by a sandblasting method or an embossing method. It can be formed by imparting a fine concavo-convex structure to the surface of the transparent protective film by an appropriate method such as a blending method of transparent fine particles. The fine particles to be included in the formation of the surface fine concavo-convex structure are, for example, conductive materials made of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, antimony oxide or the like having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm. In some cases, transparent fine particles such as inorganic fine particles, organic fine particles made of a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer, etc. are used. When forming a surface fine uneven structure, the amount of fine particles used is generally about 2 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin forming the surface fine uneven structure. The antiglare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (viewing angle expanding function or the like) for diffusing the light transmitted through the polarizing plate to expand the viewing angle.

  The antireflection layer, antisticking layer, diffusion layer, antiglare layer, and the like can be provided on the transparent protective film itself, or can be provided separately from the transparent protective film as an optical layer.

  The liquid crystal optical compensation layer is obtained by tilting and aligning the optical axis of the liquid crystal. An O-plate is used as the liquid crystal optical compensation layer. For example, a liquid crystal material that is optically positive or negative uniaxial and has a portion in which the material is tilted and aligned. An optically positive uniaxial material is a material in which the refractive index of the principal axis in one direction is larger than the refractive indexes in the other two directions in the three-dimensional refractive index ellipsoid. An optically negative uniaxial material refers to a material in which the refractive index of the principal axis in one direction is smaller than the refractive indexes in the other two directions in the three-dimensional refractive index ellipsoid. In addition, a material in which these materials are the main components and mixed with and reacted with other oligomers or polymers to fix a state in which a material exhibiting positive or negative uniaxiality is tilted is fixed and formed into a film. In using a liquid crystal compound, the tilted alignment state of the liquid crystalline molecules is determined by the molecular structure, the type of alignment film, and additives (for example, plasticizers, binders, surfactants) that are appropriately added to the optically anisotropic layer. Can be controlled by use.

  The liquid crystal optical compensation layer of the present invention is formed of a liquid crystal material that exhibits optically positive or negative uniaxiality, but it is preferable to use a liquid crystal material that exhibits optically negative uniaxiality. As the liquid crystal material exhibiting optically negative uniaxiality, a liquid crystal material such as a discotic liquid crystal compound is preferable.

  The discotic liquid crystal layer is usually formed by alignment and curing of a discotic liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group. The discotic liquid crystal layer is useful as a liquid crystal optical compensation layer and can improve the viewing angle, contrast, brightness, and the like. The discotic liquid crystal layer is preferably one in which a discotic liquid crystal compound is tilted. The thickness of the discotic liquid crystal layer is usually about 0.5 to 10 μm.

  The discotic liquid crystal compound has a negative refractive index anisotropy (uniaxiality). Destrade et al., Mol. Cryst. 71, 111 (1981), benzene derivatives and B.I. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. 96, page 70 (1984) and the cyclohexane derivatives described in J. Am. M.M. Lehn et al. Chem. Commun. , 1794 (1985), J. Am. Zhang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 2655 (1994), such as azacrown and phenylacetylene macrocycles, etc., which are generally used as a mother nucleus at the center of a molecule, and are a linear alkyl group or alkoxy group, substituted A structure in which a benzoyloxy group or the like is radially substituted as a straight chain thereof exhibits liquid crystallinity and includes what is generally called a discotic liquid crystal. However, the molecule itself is not limited to the above description as long as the molecule itself has negative uniaxiality and can give a certain orientation. In the present invention, as the discotic liquid crystal compound, those having a polymerizable unsaturated group (for example, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, etc.) that undergo a curing reaction with heat, light, etc. are usually used. It is done. Note that the discotic liquid crystal layer does not necessarily need to be a final product, and includes a liquid crystal layer that has been polymerized or cross-linked by the reaction of a polymerizable unsaturated group to increase the molecular weight and lose liquid crystallinity.

  In addition, discotic liquid crystal compounds are optical molecules such as reaction products of discotic liquid crystals that no longer exhibit liquid crystallinity due to reactions with various discotic liquid crystal compounds and other low molecular compounds and polymers. In general, it means all compounds having negative uniaxiality.

  For the alignment treatment of the discotic liquid crystal, the surface of the transparent substrate film is rubbed or an alignment film is used. Examples of the alignment film include an inorganic oblique deposition film or an alignment film obtained by rubbing a specific organic polymer film. There is a thin film in which isomerization is caused by light, such as an LB film made of an azobenzene derivative, and molecules are uniformly arranged with directionality. Examples of the organic alignment film include polyimide films, and organic polymer films that form a hydrophobic surface such as alkyl chain-modified poval, polyvinyl butyral, and polymethyl methacrylate. In addition, a SiO oblique vapor deposition film is an example of the inorganic oblique vapor deposition film.

  As a means for tilting and aligning the discotic liquid crystal compound, for example, an alignment film is formed on a transparent substrate film, and then a discotic liquid crystal compound (polymerizable liquid crystal compound) is applied to be in a tilt alignment state. A method of fixing by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet light or heat can be used. It is also possible to form the discotic liquid crystal on another alignment substrate by tilting and then transferring it onto a transparent support using an optically transparent adhesive or pressure sensitive adhesive. is there.

  As such a discotic liquid crystal layer, those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are preferably used. A wide-view film manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd. is one in which such a discotic liquid crystal inclined alignment layer is formed on a cellulosic polymer film.

  On the other hand, a nematic liquid crystal compound is an example of a liquid crystal material that exhibits optically positive uniaxiality. Examples of the nematic liquid crystal compound include nematic liquid crystal monomers and / or polymers.

  Examples of the nematic liquid crystalline monomer include those having a polymerizable functional group such as an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group at the terminal and a mesogenic group composed of a cyclic unit or the like. In addition, as a polymerizable functional group, one having two or more acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups and the like can be used to introduce a crosslinked structure to improve durability. Examples of the cyclic unit serving as a mesogenic group include biphenyl, phenylbenzoate, phenylcyclohexane, azoxybenzene, azomethine, azobenzene, phenylpyrimidine, diphenylacetylene, diphenylbenzoate, and bicyclohexane. Cyclohexylbenzene, terphenyl and the like. In addition, the terminal of these cyclic units may have substituents, such as a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, for example.

  Examples of the main chain type liquid crystal polymer include condensation polymers having a structure in which mesogenic groups composed of aromatic units and the like are bonded, for example, polymers such as polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyesterimide. Examples of the aromatic unit that becomes a mesogenic group include phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthalene types, and these aromatic units have substituents such as a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a halogen group. May be.

  Examples of the side chain type liquid crystal polymer include those having a polyacrylate-based, polymethacrylate-based, polysiloxane-based, or polymalonate-based main chain as a skeleton, and a mesogenic group composed of a cyclic unit or the like in the side chain. Examples of the cyclic unit serving as a mesogenic group include biphenyl, phenylbenzoate, phenylcyclohexane, azoxybenzene, azomethine, azobenzene, phenylpyrimidine, diphenylacetylene, diphenylbenzoate, and bicyclohexane. Cyclohexylbenzene, terphenyl and the like. In addition, the terminal of these cyclic units may have substituents, such as a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, for example.

  Any mesogenic group of the polymerizable liquid crystal monomer or the liquid crystal polymer may be bonded via a spacer portion that imparts flexibility. Examples of the spacer part include a polymethylene chain and a polyoxymethylene chain. The number of repeating structural units forming the spacer portion is appropriately determined depending on the chemical structure of the mesogenic portion, but the repeating unit of the polymethylene chain is 0 to 20, preferably 2 to 12, and the repeating unit of the polyoxymethylene chain is 0 to 0. 10, preferably 1-3.

A cholesteric liquid crystalline monomer and a chiral agent can be blended with the nematic liquid crystalline monomer and liquid crystalline polymer so as to exhibit a cholesteric phase in a liquid crystal state. A cholesteric liquid crystalline polymer can also be used. The obtained cholesteric liquid crystal phase is used as a selective reflection film. The chiral agent is not particularly limited as long as it has an optically active group and does not disturb the alignment of a nematic liquid crystalline monomer or the like. The chiral agent may or may not have liquid crystallinity, but those exhibiting cholesteric liquid crystallinity can be preferably used. As the chiral agent, those having or not having a reactive group can be used, but those having a reactive group are preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance and solvent resistance of a cholesteric liquid crystal alignment film obtained by curing. Examples of the reactive group include an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, an azide group, and an epoxy group.

  The liquid crystal monomer and liquid crystal polymer can be developed on the alignment film. As the alignment film, various conventionally known ones can be used. For example, a film formed by rubbing a thin film made of polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol or the like on a transparent base material, transparent A stretched film obtained by stretching the film, a polymer having a cinnamate skeleton or an azobenzene skeleton, or a polyimide irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays can be used.

  The adhesive layer used for laminating the polarizer and the transparent protective film (or the transparent protective film side of the laminated film) is not particularly limited as long as it is optically transparent, and is water-based, solvent-based, hot-melt-based, radical-cured. Various types of molds are used, and water-based adhesives or radical curable adhesives are preferred.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a water-system adhesive agent which forms an adhesive bond layer, For example, a vinyl polymer type | system | group, a gelatin type, a vinyl type latex type, a polyurethane type, an isocyanate type, a polyester type, an epoxy type etc. can be illustrated. Such an adhesive layer composed of an aqueous adhesive can be formed as an aqueous solution coating / drying layer, etc., but when preparing the aqueous solution, a catalyst such as a crosslinking agent, other additives, and an acid can be used as necessary. Can be blended. As the water-based adhesive, an adhesive containing a vinyl polymer is preferably used, and the vinyl polymer is preferably a polyvinyl alcohol resin. The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin can contain a water-soluble crosslinking agent such as boric acid, borax, glutaraldehyde, melamine, or oxalic acid. In particular, when a polyvinyl alcohol polymer film is used as the polarizer, it is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to use an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin. Furthermore, an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having an acetoacetyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability.

  Polyvinyl alcohol resin is polyvinyl alcohol obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate; a derivative thereof; a saponified product of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and a monomer having copolymerizability; Examples thereof include modified polyvinyl alcohols that have been converted into ethers, ethers, grafts, or phosphoric esters. Examples of the monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (anhydrous) maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, and esters thereof; α-olefins such as ethylene and propylene, (meth) Examples include allyl sulfonic acid (soda), sulfonic acid soda (monoalkyl malate), disulfonic acid soda alkyl maleate, N-methylol acrylamide, acrylamide alkyl sulfonic acid alkali salt, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone derivatives and the like. . These polyvinyl alcohol resins can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

  The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of adhesiveness, the average degree of polymerization is about 100 to 5000, preferably 1000 to 4000, the average saponification degree is about 85 to 100 mol%, preferably 90 to 100 mol%. It is.

  A polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group is obtained by reacting a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin with diketene by a known method. For example, a method in which a polyvinyl alcohol resin is dispersed in a solvent such as acetic acid and diketene is added thereto, and a polyvinyl alcohol resin is previously dissolved in a solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxane, and diketene is added thereto. And the like. Another example is a method in which diketene gas or liquid diketene is brought into direct contact with polyvinyl alcohol.

  The degree of acetoacetyl group modification of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.1 mol% or more. If it is less than 0.1 mol%, the water resistance of the adhesive layer is insufficient and unsuitable. The degree of acetoacetyl group modification is preferably about 0.1 to 40 mol%, more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, and particularly preferably 2 to 7 mol%. When the acetoacetyl group modification degree exceeds 40 mol%, the effect of improving water resistance is small. The degree of acetoacetyl modification is a value measured by NMR.

  As a crosslinking agent, what is used for the polyvinyl alcohol-type adhesive agent can be especially used without a restriction | limiting. A compound having at least two functional groups having reactivity with the polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used. For example, alkylene diamines having two alkylene groups and two amino groups such as ethylene diamine, triethylene diamine and hexamethylene diamine; tolylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated tolylene diisocyanate, trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate adduct, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, methylene bis (Isocyanates such as 4-phenylmethane triisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and ketoxime block product or phenol block product thereof; ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin di or triglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexane Diol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, jig Epoxys such as sidylaniline and diglycidylamine; monoaldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde; Aldehydes: amino-formaldehyde resins such as methylol urea, methylol melamine, alkylated methylol urea, alkylated methylolated melamine, acetoguanamine, condensate of benzoguanamine and formaldehyde; further sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, iron And salts of divalent metals such as nickel or trivalent metals and oxides thereof, among which amino-formaldehyde resins and dia Dehydrates are preferred, amino-formaldehyde resins are preferably compounds having a methylol group, and dialdehydes are preferably glyoxal, particularly methylol melamine, which is a compound having a methylol group. As the crosslinking agent, a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent can be used.

  The amount of the crosslinking agent can be appropriately designed according to the type of polyvinyl alcohol resin, etc., but is usually about 4 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin. Degree, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight. In such a range, good adhesiveness can be obtained.

  In order to improve the durability, a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used. Also in this case, the crosslinking agent is used in the range of about 4 to 60 parts by weight, preferably about 10 to 55 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight, as described above, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin. Is preferred. When the amount of the crosslinking agent is too large, the reaction of the crosslinking agent proceeds in a short time and the adhesive tends to gel. As a result, the pot life as an adhesive is extremely shortened, making industrial use difficult. From this point of view, the blending amount of the crosslinking agent is used in the above blending amount. However, since the resin solution of the present invention contains the metal compound colloid, the blending amount of the crosslinking agent is large as described above. Even if it exists, it can be used with good stability.

  As the polarizing plate adhesive of the present invention, a resin solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm is preferably used. The resin solution is usually used as an aqueous solution. The concentration of the resin solution is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight in consideration of coating properties and storage stability.

  The metal compound colloid is one in which fine particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and is electrostatically stabilized due to mutual repulsion of the same kind of charge of the fine particles, and has permanent stability. The average particle diameter of the metal compound colloid (fine particles) is 1 to 100 nm. When the average particle diameter of the colloid is within the above range, the metal compound can be dispersed substantially uniformly in the adhesive layer, the adhesiveness can be ensured, and the nick can be suppressed. The range of the average particle diameter is considerably smaller than the wavelength range of visible light, and even if the transmitted light is scattered by the metal compound in the formed adhesive layer, the polarization characteristics are not adversely affected. The average particle size of the metal compound colloid is preferably 1 to 100 nm, more preferably 1 to 50 nm.

  Various types of metal compound colloids can be used. For example, colloids of metal compounds such as alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, tin oxide, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium silicate; colloids of metal salts such as zinc carbonate, barium carbonate, and calcium phosphate And colloids of minerals such as celite, talc, clay and kaolin.

  The metal compound colloid is dispersed in a dispersion medium and exists in a state of a colloid solution. The dispersion medium is mainly water. In addition to water, other dispersion media such as alcohols can also be used. The solid content concentration of the metal compound colloid in the colloid solution is not particularly limited, but is generally about 1 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 30% by weight. In addition, as the metal compound colloid, those containing an acid such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid as a stabilizer can be used.

  Metal compound colloids are electrostatically stabilized and can be classified into those having a positive charge and those having a negative charge. Metal compound colloids are non-conductive materials. Positive charge and negative charge are distinguished by the charge state of the colloidal surface charge in the solution after the adhesive preparation. The charge of the metal compound colloid can be confirmed, for example, by measuring the zeta potential with a zeta potential measuring machine. The surface charge of a metal compound colloid generally varies with pH. Therefore, the charge in the state of the colloidal solution of the present application is affected by the pH of the adjusted adhesive solution. The pH of the adhesive solution is usually set in the range of 2 to 6, preferably 2.5 to 5, more preferably 3 to 5, and further 3.5 to 4.5. In the present invention, a metal compound colloid having a positive charge has a greater effect of suppressing the occurrence of nicks than a metal compound colloid having a negative charge. Examples of the positively charged metal compound colloid include alumina colloid, zirconia colloid, titania colloid, and tin oxide colloid. Among these, alumina colloid is particularly preferable.

  A metal compound colloid is mix | blended in the ratio (converted value of solid content) of 200 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of polyvinyl alcohol-type resin. Moreover, by making the compounding ratio of the metal compound colloid within the above range, the occurrence of nicks can be suppressed while ensuring the adhesion between the polarizer and the transparent protective film (or the transparent protective film side of the laminated film). The compounding ratio of the metal compound colloid is preferably 10 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 175 parts by weight, and further preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight. When the compounding ratio of the metal compound colloid exceeds 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, the ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol resin in the adhesive is reduced, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness. The mixing ratio of the metal compound colloid is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to the lower limit of the above range in order to effectively suppress nicks.

  Although the viscosity of the resin solution which is an adhesive for polarizing plates is not particularly limited, those having a range of 1 to 50 mPa · s are used. The nick generated in the production of the polarizing plate tends to increase as the viscosity of the resin solution decreases. However, according to the polarizing plate adhesive of the present invention, a range of 1 to 20 mPa · s can be obtained. Even in the low viscosity range, the occurrence of nicks can be suppressed, and the occurrence of nicks can be suppressed regardless of the viscosity of the resin solution. A polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group cannot be increased in polymerization degree compared to a general polyvinyl alcohol resin and has been used at a low viscosity as described above. Even when a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetyl group is used, the occurrence of nicks caused by the low viscosity of the resin solution can be suppressed.

  The method for preparing the resin solution that is the polarizing plate adhesive is not particularly limited. In general, a resin solution is prepared by mixing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and a crosslinking agent and blending a metal compound colloid with a mixture having an appropriate concentration. In addition, when a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing an acetoacetyl group is used as the polyvinyl alcohol resin or when the amount of the crosslinking agent is large, the polyvinyl alcohol resin and the metal are considered in consideration of the stability of the solution. After mixing the compound colloid, the cross-linking agent can be mixed in consideration of the use time of the resulting resin solution. In addition, the density | concentration of the resin solution which is an adhesive agent for polarizing plates can also be adjusted suitably after preparing a resin solution.

  Examples of the radical curable adhesive include various active energy ray curable types such as an electron beam curable type and an ultraviolet ray curable type, and a thermosetting type, but there are active energy ray curable types that can be cured in a short time. preferable. In particular, an electron beam curable type is preferable. An electron beam curable adhesive can be used. By using an electron beam for the adhesive curing method used to bond the polarizer and the transparent protective film (ie, dry lamination), a heating step such as an ultraviolet curing method becomes unnecessary, and the productivity is extremely high. can do.

  Examples of the curable component include a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group and a compound having a vinyl group. These curable components may be monofunctional or bifunctional or higher. Moreover, these curable components can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. As these curable components, for example, compounds having a (meth) acryloyl group are suitable. For example, various epoxy (meth) acrylates, urethane (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, and various (meth) acrylates. Examples thereof include acrylate monomers.

  Among the curable components, epoxy (meth) acrylate, particularly monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group is preferable. Moreover, as a compound which has a (meth) acryloyl group, a nitrogen-containing monomer and / or a carboxyl group monomer are used suitably. These monomers are preferable in terms of adhesiveness. (Meth) acrylate means acrylate and / or methacrylate. In the present invention, (meth) acrylate has this meaning.

  In addition, a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group, particularly a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing (meth) acrylate, or a carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate is used as the curable component. The curable component is suitable as an electron beam curable adhesive, and a polarizing plate having good adhesion to a polarizer and a transparent protective film can be obtained by using the adhesive. For example, even when a polarizer with a low moisture content is used, and when a material with low moisture permeability is used as the transparent protective film, the adhesive of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to them. As a result, a polarizing plate with good dimensional stability can be obtained.

  When the curable component is used, a polarizing plate having a small dimensional change can be produced, so that it is possible to easily cope with an increase in the size of the polarizing plate, and it is possible to suppress the production cost from the viewpoint of yield and number. Further, since the polarizing plate obtained in the present invention has good dimensional stability, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unevenness in the image display device due to the external heat of the backlight.

  As the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, various monofunctional (meth) acrylates having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group can be used. The hydroxy group may exist as a substituent of the aromatic ring, but in the present invention, it exists as an organic group (bonded to a hydrocarbon group, particularly an alkylene group) that bonds the aromatic ring and the (meth) acrylate. Those that do are preferred.

  Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group include a reaction product of a monofunctional epoxy compound having an aromatic ring and (meth) acrylic acid. Examples of the monofunctional epoxy compound having an aromatic ring include phenyl glycidyl ether, t-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, and phenyl polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether. Specific examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group include, for example, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butylphenoxypropyl (meth) Examples thereof include acrylate and 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl polyethylene glycol propyl (meth) acrylate.

  Examples of the nitrogen-containing monomer include a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic having a heterocyclic ring such as a morpholine ring such as N-acryloylmorpholine, N-acryloylpiperidine, N-methacryloylpiperidine, N-acryloylpyrrolidine, piperidine ring, pyrrolidine ring, piperazine ring, Monomer. Examples of the nitrogen-containing monomer include maleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide; (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, N -Hexyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolpropane (meth) acrylamide, N- (N-substituted) amide monomers such as isopropylacrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol-N-propane (meth) acrylamide; aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, ( T) (Meth) acrylic acid such as aminopropyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, 3- (3-pyridyl) propyl (meth) acrylate Alkylaminoalkyl monomers; succinimide monomers such as N- (meth) acryloyloxymethylenesuccinimide, N- (meth) acryloyl-6-oxyhexamethylenesuccinimide, N- (meth) acryloyl-8-oxyoctamethylenesuccinimide, etc. It is done. For example, the nitrogen-containing monomer is preferably a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer, and particularly preferably N-acryloylmorpholine.

  Examples of the carboxyl group monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, carboxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carboxypentyl (meth) acrylate, and the like. Of these, acrylic acid is preferred.

  In addition to the above, compounds having a (meth) acryloyl group include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, and isononyl. Alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as (meth) acrylate and lauryl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl systems such as (meth) acrylic acid methoxyethyl and (meth) acrylic acid ethoxyethyl Monomer: 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, 8-hydroxy (meth) acrylate Octyl, (meth) acrylic acid 10-H Hydroxyl-containing monomers such as loxydecyl, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth) acrylate and (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) -methyl acrylate; acid anhydride group-containing monomers such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride; caprolactone addition of acrylic acid Products; sulfones such as styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, (meth) acrylamide propane sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryloyloxynaphthalene sulfonic acid Acid group-containing monomers; phosphoric acid group-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxyethylacryloyl phosphate.

  As the curable component, a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing monomer, and a carboxyl group monomer are preferably used. It is preferable to contain these components as curable components in an amount of 50% by weight or more in order to obtain a polarizing plate having an adhesive layer having good adhesion to the polarizer and the transparent protective film. Furthermore, it is preferable also from points, such as coating property and workability. The ratio of the curable component is preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and further preferably 80% by weight or more.

  As the curable component, a bifunctional or higher curable component can be used. The bifunctional or higher curable component is preferably a bifunctional or higher (meth) acrylate, particularly a bifunctional or higher epoxy (meth) acrylate. The bifunctional or higher functional epoxy (meth) acrylate is obtained by reacting a polyfunctional epoxy compound with (meth) acrylic acid. Various examples of the polyfunctional epoxy compound can be exemplified. Examples of the polyfunctional epoxy compound include aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, and aliphatic epoxy resins.

  Examples of the aromatic epoxy resin include bisphenol type epoxy resins such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol S; phenol novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, hydroxybenzaldehyde Examples thereof include novolak-type epoxy resins such as phenol novolac epoxy resins; glycidyl ethers of tetrahydroxyphenylmethane, glycidyl ethers of tetrahydroxybenzophenone, and polyfunctional epoxy resins such as epoxidized polyvinylphenol.

  Examples of the alicyclic epoxy resins include hydrogenated products of the above-mentioned aromatic epoxy resins, cyclohexane-based, cyclohexylmethyl ester-based, cicyclohexylmethyl ether-based, spiro-based, and tricyclodecane-based epoxy resins.

  Examples of the aliphatic epoxy resin include polyglycidyl ethers of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols or alkylene oxide adducts thereof. Examples include 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene. Polyethers of polyether polyols obtained by adding one or more alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide or propylene oxide) to aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as glycol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin Examples thereof include glycidyl ether.

  The epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is usually in the range of 30 to 3000 g / equivalent, preferably 50 to 1500 g / equivalent.

  The bifunctional or higher epoxy (meth) acrylate is preferably an epoxy (meth) acrylate of an aliphatic epoxy resin, particularly preferably an epoxy (meth) acrylate of a bifunctional aliphatic epoxy resin.

  Among the curable components, a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group, in particular, a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group, a nitrogen-containing (meth) acrylate, a carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate, It is suitable as an electron beam curable adhesive, and by using the adhesive, a polarizing plate having good adhesion to a polarizer and a transparent protective film (or a transparent protective film side of a laminated film) can be obtained. . For example, even when a polarizer with a low moisture content is used, and when a material with low moisture permeability is used as the transparent protective film, the adhesive of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to them. As a result, a polarizing plate with good dimensional stability can be obtained.

  The curable adhesive contains a curable component, and in addition to the above components, a radical initiator is added depending on the type of curing. When the adhesive is used as an electron beam curable type, it is not particularly necessary that the adhesive contains a radical initiator, but when used as an ultraviolet curable type or a thermosetting type, a radical initiator is used. Used. The usage-amount of a radical initiator is about 0.1-10 weight part normally per 100 weight part of sclerosing | hardenable components, Preferably, it is 0.5-3 weight part.

  The adhesive may contain a metal compound filler. With the metal compound filler, the fluidity of the adhesive layer can be controlled, the film thickness can be stabilized, and a polarizing plate having a good appearance, uniform in-plane and no adhesive variation can be obtained.

  Various types of metal compound fillers can be used. Examples of the metal compound include metal oxides such as alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate and magnesium silicate; metal salts such as zinc carbonate, barium carbonate and calcium phosphate; celite, talc, clay and kaolin And the like. Further, these metal compound fillers may be those having a surface modified.

  The average particle diameter of the metal compound filler is usually about 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm, and further preferably 10 to 100 nm. If the average particle diameter of the metal compound filler is within the above range, the metal compound can be dispersed substantially uniformly in the adhesive layer, ensuring adhesion, and having a good appearance and in-plane uniform adhesion. You can get sex.

  It is preferable to mix | blend the compounding quantity of a metal compound filler in the ratio of 200 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of sclerosing | hardenable components. Moreover, by making the compounding ratio of a metal compound filler into the said range, while ensuring the adhesiveness of a polarizer and a transparent protective film (or the transparent protective film side of a laminated | multilayer film), and with a favorable external appearance, in-plane Uniform adhesion can be obtained. The blending ratio of the metal compound filler is preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 50 parts by weight, and further preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight. When the compounding ratio of the metal compound filler exceeds 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the curable component, the ratio of the curable component in the adhesive is reduced, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness. The mixing ratio of the metal compound filler is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to the lower limit of the above range in order to obtain in-plane uniform adhesiveness while ensuring adhesiveness and good appearance. .

  In addition, the adhesive for polarizing plate includes various tackifiers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, plasticizers, leveling agents, foaming inhibitors, antistatic cracks, hydrolysis stabilizers, and other stabilizers. A stabilizer such as can also be blended. Further, the metal compound colloid and the metal compound filler in the present application are non-conductive materials, but may contain fine particles of a conductive substance. In addition, examples of additives include sensitizers that increase the curing speed and sensitivity by electron beams typified by carbonyl compounds, coupling agents such as silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents, and adhesives typified by ethylene oxide. Accelerators, additives that improve wettability with the transparent protective film, acryloxy group compounds, hydrocarbons (natural and synthetic resins), and the like.

  The polarizing plate is obtained by laminating a transparent protective film (or laminated film) on both sides of a polarizer via an adhesive layer, but undercoat is provided between the adhesive layer and the transparent protective film or the polarizer. A layer, an easy adhesion treatment layer, or the like may be provided. Examples of the easy adhesion treatment include dry treatment such as plasma treatment and corona treatment, chemical treatment such as alkali treatment (saponification treatment), and coating treatment for forming an easy adhesive layer. Among these, a coating treatment or an alkali treatment for forming an easy-adhesive layer is preferable. Various easy-adhesive materials such as polyol resin, polycarboxylic acid resin, polyester resin, and silicone resin can be used for forming the easy-adhesive layer. The thickness of the easy-adhesive layer is usually about 0.001 to 10 μm, more preferably about 0.001 to 5 μm, and particularly preferably about 0.001 to 1 μm.

  When the adhesive layer is formed of a water-based adhesive or the like, the thickness of the adhesive layer is about 10 to 300 nm. The thickness of the adhesive layer is more preferably 10 to 200 nm, and still more preferably 20 to 150 nm, from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform in-plane thickness and obtaining a sufficient adhesive force. Further, as described above, the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably designed to be larger than the average particle diameter of the metal compound colloid contained in the polarizing plate adhesive.

  The method of adjusting the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of adjusting the solid content concentration of the adhesive solution and an adhesive application device. The method for measuring the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but cross-sectional observation measurement using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) or TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) is preferably used. The application operation of the adhesive is not particularly limited, and various means such as a roll method, a spray method, and an immersion method can be employed.

  After applying the water-based adhesive, the polarizer and the transparent protective film are bonded together with a roll laminator or the like. Application | coating of the said adhesive agent may be performed to any of a transparent protective film and a polarizer, and may be performed to both. After the bonding, a drying process is performed to form an adhesive layer composed of a coating dry layer. A drying temperature is about 5-150 degreeC, Preferably it is 30-120 degreeC, is 120 second or more, Furthermore, it is 300 second or more.

  On the other hand, when the adhesive layer is formed of a curable adhesive (electron beam curable adhesive), the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.1 to 20 μm, more preferably 0.2 to It is 10 μm, more preferably 0.3 to 8 μm. When the thickness is small, the cohesive force of the adhesive force itself cannot be obtained, and the adhesive strength may not be obtained. When the thickness of the adhesive layer exceeds 20 μm, the cost increases and the effect of curing shrinkage of the adhesive itself appears, which may adversely affect the optical properties of the polarizing plate.

  After laminating the polarizer and the transparent protective film, the adhesive is cured by irradiation with an electron beam or the like. The irradiation direction of the electron beam can be irradiated from any appropriate direction. Preferably, it irradiates from the transparent protective film side. When irradiated from the polarizer side, the polarizer may be deteriorated by the electron beam.

  Any appropriate condition can be adopted as the electron beam irradiation condition as long as the adhesive can be cured. For example, in the electron beam irradiation, the acceleration voltage is preferably 5 kV to 300 kV, and more preferably 10 kV to 250 kV. If the acceleration voltage is less than 5 kV, the electron beam may not reach the adhesive and may be insufficiently cured. If the acceleration voltage exceeds 300 kV, the penetration force through the sample is too strong and the electron beam rebounds, There is a risk of damaging the polarizer. The irradiation dose is 5 to 100 kGy, more preferably 10 to 75 kGy. When the irradiation dose is less than 5 kGy, the adhesive becomes insufficiently cured, and when it exceeds 100 kGy, the transparent protective film and the polarizer are damaged, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength and yellowing, thereby obtaining predetermined optical characteristics. I can't.

  Electron beam irradiation is usually performed in an inert gas, but if necessary, it may be performed in the atmosphere or under a condition in which a small amount of oxygen is introduced. Depending on the material of the transparent protective film, by appropriately introducing oxygen, the transparent protective film surface where the electron beam first hits can be obstructed to prevent oxygen damage and prevent damage to the transparent protective film. An electron beam can be irradiated efficiently.

  When performing the said manufacturing method by a continuous line, although it depends on the hardening time of an adhesive agent, Preferably it is 1-500 m / min, More preferably, it is 5-300 m / min, More preferably, it is 10-100 m / min. When the line speed is too low, productivity is poor, or damage to the transparent protective film is too great, and a polarizing plate that can withstand a durability test or the like cannot be produced. When the line speed is too high, the adhesive is not sufficiently cured, and the target adhesiveness may not be obtained.

  Moreover, the polarizing plate of this invention can be used as an optical film which laminated | stacked the optical layer used for formation of image display apparatuses, such as a liquid crystal display device. For example, an optical layer that may be used for forming a liquid crystal display device such as a reflection plate, an anti-transmission plate, a retardation plate (including wavelength plates such as 1/2 and 1/4), and a brightness enhancement film. can give. These can be used alone as an optical film, or can be laminated on the polarizing plate for practical use and used as one layer or two or more layers.

  In particular, a reflective polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive polarizing plate in which a polarizing plate is further laminated with a reflecting plate or a semi-transmissive reflecting plate, an elliptical polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate in which a retardation plate is further laminated with a polarizing plate, or A polarizing plate obtained by further laminating a brightness enhancement film on the polarizing plate is preferable.

  A reflective polarizing plate is a polarizing plate provided with a reflective layer, and is used to form a liquid crystal display device or the like that reflects incident light from the viewing side (display side). Such a light source can be omitted, and the liquid crystal display device can be easily thinned. The reflective polarizing plate can be formed by an appropriate method such as a method in which a reflective layer made of metal or the like is attached to one surface of the polarizing plate via a transparent protective layer or the like as necessary.

  Specific examples of the reflective polarizing plate include those in which a reflective layer is formed by attaching a foil or a vapor deposition film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum on one side of a transparent protective film matted as necessary. In addition, the transparent protective film may contain fine particles to form a surface fine concavo-convex structure, and a reflective layer having a fine concavo-convex structure thereon. The reflective layer having the fine concavo-convex structure has an advantage that incident light is diffused by irregular reflection to prevent directivity and glaring appearance and to suppress unevenness in brightness and darkness. Moreover, the protective film containing fine particles also has an advantage that incident light and its reflected light are diffused when passing through it and light and dark unevenness can be further suppressed. The reflective layer of the fine concavo-convex structure reflecting the surface fine concavo-convex structure of the transparent protective film is formed by, for example, applying metal to the surface of the transparent protective layer by an appropriate method such as a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, a sputtering method, or a plating method. It can be performed by a method of attaching directly to the screen.

  Instead of the method of directly applying the reflecting plate to the transparent protective film of the polarizing plate, the reflecting plate can be used as a reflecting sheet provided with a reflecting layer on an appropriate film according to the transparent film. Since the reflective layer is usually made of metal, the usage form in which the reflective surface is covered with a transparent protective film, a polarizing plate or the like is used to prevent the reflectance from being lowered due to oxidation, and thus to maintain the initial reflectance for a long time. In addition, it is more preferable to avoid a separate attachment of the protective layer.

  The semi-transmissive polarizing plate can be obtained by using a semi-transmissive reflective layer such as a half mirror that reflects and transmits light with the reflective layer. A transflective polarizing plate is usually provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell, and displays an image by reflecting incident light from the viewing side (display side) when a liquid crystal display device is used in a relatively bright atmosphere. In a relatively dark atmosphere, a liquid crystal display device of a type that displays an image using a built-in power source such as a backlight built in the back side of the transflective polarizing plate can be formed. In other words, the transflective polarizing plate can be used to form liquid crystal display devices that can save energy when using a light source such as a backlight in a bright atmosphere and can be used with a built-in power supply even in a relatively dark atmosphere. It is.

  An elliptically polarizing plate or a circularly polarizing plate in which a retardation plate is further laminated on a polarizing plate will be described. A phase difference plate or the like is used when changing linearly polarized light to elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light, changing elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light, or changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light. In particular, a so-called quarter-wave plate (also referred to as a λ / 4 plate) is used as a retardation plate that changes linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light or changes circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. A half-wave plate (also referred to as a λ / 2 plate) is usually used when changing the polarization direction of linearly polarized light.

  The elliptically polarizing plate is effectively used for black and white display without the above color by compensating (preventing) the coloration (blue or yellow) generated by the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer of the super twist nematic (STN) type liquid crystal display device. It is done. Further, the one in which the three-dimensional refractive index is controlled is preferable because it can compensate (prevent) coloring that occurs when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction. The circularly polarizing plate is effectively used, for example, when adjusting the color tone of an image of a reflective liquid crystal display device in which an image is displayed in color, and also has an antireflection function.

  Examples of the retardation plate include a birefringent film obtained by uniaxially or biaxially stretching a polymer material, a liquid crystal polymer alignment film, and a liquid crystal polymer alignment layer supported by a film. The thickness of the retardation plate is not particularly limited, but is generally about 20 to 150 μm.

  Examples of the polymer material include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polymethyl vinyl ether, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfone, Polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyallylsulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose polymer, norbornene resin, or binary, ternary copolymers, graft copolymers, Examples include blends. These polymer materials become an oriented product (stretched film) by stretching or the like.

  Examples of the liquid crystal polymer include various main chain types and side chain types in which a conjugated linear atomic group (mesogen) imparting liquid crystal alignment is introduced into the main chain or side chain of the polymer. . Specific examples of the main chain type liquid crystal polymer include a nematic alignment polyester liquid crystal polymer, a discotic polymer, and a cholesteric polymer having a structure in which a mesogen group is bonded at a spacer portion that imparts flexibility. Specific examples of the side chain type liquid crystal polymer include polysiloxane, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, or polymalonate as a main chain skeleton, and a nematic alignment-providing para-substitution through a spacer portion composed of a conjugated atomic group as a side chain. Examples thereof include those having a mesogenic part composed of a cyclic compound unit. These liquid crystal polymers can be prepared by, for example, applying a solution of a liquid crystalline polymer on an alignment surface such as a surface of a thin film such as polyimide or polyvinyl alcohol formed on a glass plate, or an oblique deposition of silicon oxide. This is done by developing and heat treatment.

  The retardation plate may have an appropriate retardation according to the purpose of use, such as for the purpose of compensating for coloring, vision, etc. due to birefringence of various wave plates and liquid crystal layers, and may be two or more types. It may be one in which retardation plates are stacked and optical characteristics such as retardation are controlled.

  The elliptical polarizing plate and the reflective elliptical polarizing plate are obtained by laminating a polarizing plate or a reflective polarizing plate and a retardation plate in an appropriate combination. Such an elliptically polarizing plate or the like can also be formed by sequentially laminating them sequentially in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device so as to be a combination of a (reflective) polarizing plate and a retardation plate. An optical film such as a polarizing plate has an advantage that it can improve the production efficiency of a liquid crystal display device and the like because of excellent quality stability and lamination workability.

  A polarizing plate obtained by bonding a polarizing plate and a brightness enhancement film is usually provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell. The brightness enhancement film reflects a linearly polarized light with a predetermined polarization axis or a circularly polarized light in a predetermined direction when natural light is incident due to a backlight such as a liquid crystal display device or reflection from the back side, and transmits other light. In addition, a polarizing plate in which a brightness enhancement film is laminated with a polarizing plate allows light from a light source such as a backlight to enter to obtain transmitted light in a predetermined polarization state, and reflects light without transmitting the light other than the predetermined polarization state. The The light reflected on the surface of the brightness enhancement film is further inverted through a reflective layer or the like provided behind the brightness enhancement film and re-incident on the brightness enhancement film, and part or all of the light is transmitted as light having a predetermined polarization state. Luminance can be improved by increasing the amount of light transmitted through the enhancement film and increasing the amount of light that can be used for liquid crystal display image display or the like by supplying polarized light that is difficult to be absorbed by the polarizer. That is, when light is incident through the polarizer from the back side of the liquid crystal cell without using a brightness enhancement film, light having a polarization direction that does not coincide with the polarization axis of the polarizer is almost polarized. It is absorbed by the polarizer and does not pass through the polarizer. That is, although depending on the characteristics of the polarizer used, approximately 50% of the light is absorbed by the polarizer, and accordingly, the amount of light that can be used for liquid crystal image display or the like is reduced and the image becomes dark. The brightness enhancement film reflects light that has a polarization direction that is absorbed by the polarizer without being incident on the polarizer, and is reflected by the brightness enhancement film, and then inverted through a reflective layer or the like provided behind the brightness enhancement film. The brightness enhancement film transmits only the polarized light in which the polarization direction of the light reflected and inverted between the two is allowed to pass through the polarizer. Since the light is supplied to the polarizer, light such as a backlight can be efficiently used for displaying an image on the liquid crystal display device, and the screen can be brightened.

  A diffusion plate may be provided between the brightness enhancement film and the reflective layer. The polarized light reflected by the brightness enhancement film is directed to the reflective layer or the like, but the installed diffuser plate uniformly diffuses the light passing therethrough and simultaneously cancels the polarized state and becomes a non-polarized state. That is, the light in the natural light state is directed toward the reflection layer or the like, reflected through the reflection layer or the like, and again passes through the diffusion plate and reenters the brightness enhancement film. In this way, by providing a diffuser plate that returns polarized light to the original natural light between the brightness enhancement film and the reflective layer, the brightness of the display screen is maintained, and at the same time, the brightness of the display screen is reduced and uniform. Can provide a bright screen. By providing such a diffuser plate, it is considered that the first incident light has a moderate increase in the number of repetitions of reflection, and in combination with the diffusion function of the diffuser plate, a uniform bright display screen can be provided.

  The brightness enhancement film has a characteristic of transmitting linearly polarized light having a predetermined polarization axis and reflecting other light, such as a multilayer thin film of dielectric material or a multilayer laminate of thin film films having different refractive index anisotropies. Such as an alignment film of a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer or an alignment liquid crystal layer supported on a film substrate, which reflects either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light and transmits other light. Appropriate things, such as a thing, can be used.

  Therefore, in the brightness enhancement film of the type that transmits linearly polarized light having the predetermined polarization axis as described above, the transmitted light is incident on the polarizing plate with the polarization axis aligned as it is, thereby efficiently transmitting while suppressing absorption loss due to the polarizing plate. Can be made. On the other hand, in a brightness enhancement film of a type that transmits circularly polarized light such as a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, it can be incident on a polarizer as it is, but from the point of suppressing absorption loss, the circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light through a retardation plate. It is preferably incident on the polarizing plate. Note that circularly polarized light can be converted to linearly polarized light by using a quarter wave plate as the retardation plate.

  A retardation plate that functions as a quarter-wave plate at a wide wavelength in the visible light region or the like exhibits, for example, a retardation plate that functions as a quarter-wave plate for light-colored light having a wavelength of 550 nm and other retardation characteristics. It can be obtained by a method in which a phase difference layer, for example, a phase difference layer that functions as a half-wave plate is superimposed. Therefore, the retardation plate disposed between the polarizing plate and the brightness enhancement film may be composed of one or more retardation layers.

  In addition, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a reflection structure that reflects circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range such as a visible light range can be obtained by combining two or more layers with different reflection wavelengths to form an overlapping structure. Based on this, transmitted circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range can be obtained.

  Further, the polarizing plate may be formed by laminating a polarizing plate and two or more optical layers as in the above-described polarization separation type polarizing plate. Therefore, a reflective elliptical polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive elliptical polarizing plate in which the above-described reflective polarizing plate or semi-transmissive polarizing plate and a retardation plate are combined may be used.

  The polarizing film of the present invention or the optical film in which the optical layer is laminated on the polarizing plate can be formed by a method of separately laminating sequentially in the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like. These are excellent in quality stability and assembly work, and have the advantage of improving the manufacturing process of liquid crystal display devices and the like. For the lamination, an appropriate adhesive means such as an adhesive layer can be used. When adhering the polarizing plate and other optical films, their optical axes can be set at an appropriate arrangement angle in accordance with the target retardation characteristics.

  An adhesive layer for adhering to other members such as a liquid crystal cell may be provided on the polarizing plate described above or an optical film in which at least one polarizing plate is laminated. The pressure-sensitive adhesive forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. For example, an acrylic polymer, silicone-based polymer, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyether, fluorine-based or rubber-based polymer is appropriately selected. Can be used. In particular, those having excellent optical transparency such as an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, exhibiting appropriate wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, and being excellent in weather resistance, heat resistance and the like can be preferably used.

  In addition to the above, in terms of prevention of foaming and peeling phenomena due to moisture absorption, deterioration of optical properties and liquid crystal cell warpage due to differences in thermal expansion, etc., as well as formability of liquid crystal display devices with high quality and excellent durability An adhesive layer having a low moisture absorption rate and excellent heat resistance is preferred.

  The adhesive layer is, for example, natural or synthetic resins, in particular, tackifier resins, fillers or pigments made of glass fibers, glass beads, metal powders, other inorganic powders, colorants, antioxidants, etc. It may contain an additive to be added to the adhesive layer. Moreover, the adhesion layer etc. which contain microparticles | fine-particles and show light diffusibility may be sufficient.

  Attachment of the adhesive layer to one or both sides of the polarizing plate or the optical film can be performed by an appropriate method. For example, a pressure sensitive adhesive solution of about 10 to 40% by weight in which a base polymer or a composition thereof is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent composed of a suitable solvent alone or a mixture such as toluene and ethyl acetate is prepared. A method in which it is directly attached on a polarizing plate or an optical film by an appropriate development method such as a casting method or a coating method, or an adhesive layer is formed on a separator according to the above, and this is applied to a polarizing plate or an optical film. The method of moving up is mentioned.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be provided on one side or both sides of a polarizing plate or an optical film as a superimposed layer of different compositions or types. Moreover, when providing in both surfaces, it can also be set as the adhesion layers of a different composition, a kind, thickness, etc. in the front and back of a polarizing plate or an optical film. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be appropriately determined according to the purpose of use and adhesive force, and is generally 1 to 40 μm, preferably 5 to 30 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 25 μm. If it is thinner than 1 μm, the durability will be poor, and if it is thicker than 40 μm, it will be liable to float or peel off due to foaming, resulting in poor appearance.

  On the exposed surface of the adhesive layer, a separator is temporarily attached and covered for the purpose of preventing contamination until it is put to practical use. Thereby, it can prevent contacting an adhesion layer in the usual handling state. As the separator, except for the above thickness conditions, for example, a suitable thin leaf body such as a plastic film, rubber sheet, paper, cloth, non-woven fabric, net, foam sheet, metal foil, laminate thereof, and the like, silicone type or Appropriate conventional ones such as those coated with an appropriate release agent such as long-chain alkyl, fluorine-based, or molybdenum sulfide can be used.

  In order to improve the adhesion between the polarizing plate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, an anchor layer can be provided between the layers.

  As the material for forming the anchor layer, an anchor agent selected from polyurethane, polyester, and polymers containing an amino group in the molecule is preferably used, and polymers containing an amino group in the molecule are particularly preferred. . Polymers containing an amino group in the molecule ensure good adhesion because the amino group in the molecule exhibits an interaction such as a reaction or ionic interaction with the carboxyl group in the pressure-sensitive adhesive.

  Examples of polymers containing an amino group in the molecule include polymers of amino-containing group-containing monomers such as polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polyvinylamine, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylpyrrolidine, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, and the like.

  An antistatic agent may be added to the anchor layer in order to impart antistatic properties. Antistatic agents for imparting antistatic properties include ionic surfactant systems, conductive polymer systems such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyquinoxaline, metal oxide systems such as tin oxide, antimony oxide, and indium oxide. In particular, from the viewpoint of optical properties, appearance, antistatic effect, and antistatic effect heating and stability during humidification, a conductive polymer system is preferably used. Among these, water-soluble conductive polymers such as polyaniline and polythiophene or water-dispersible conductive polymers are particularly preferably used. When a water-soluble conductive polymer or a water-dispersible conductive polymer is used as a material for forming the antistatic layer, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the optical film substrate due to an organic solvent during coating.

  In the present invention, the polarizer, the transparent protective film, the optical film, and the like that form the polarizing plate described above, and each layer such as an adhesive layer include, for example, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenol compounds, benzotriazole compounds, and cyanoacrylate It may be a compound having an ultraviolet absorbing ability by a method such as a method of treating with an ultraviolet absorber such as a compound based on nickel or a nickel complex salt compound.

  The polarizing plate or the optical film of the present invention can be preferably used for forming various devices such as a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device can be formed according to the conventional method. That is, a liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate or an optical film, and an illumination system as necessary, and incorporating a drive circuit. There is no limitation in particular except the point which uses the polarizing plate or optical film by invention, and it can apply according to the former.

  The type of the liquid crystal display device is not particularly limited, and any of a transmissive type, a reflective type, and a reflective transflective type can be used. Examples of liquid crystal cells used in the liquid crystal display device include twisted nematic (TN) mode, super twisted nematic (STN) mode, horizontal alignment (ECB) mode, vertical alignment (VA) mode, and in-plane switching (IPS) mode. And various liquid crystal cells such as a liquid crystal cell of a bend nematic (OCB) mode, a ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) mode, and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) mode. Among these, the retardation film and the polarizing plate of the present invention are particularly preferably used for TN mode and ECB mode liquid crystal display devices.

  An appropriate liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device in which a polarizing plate or an optical film is disposed on one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a backlight or a reflector used in an illumination system can be formed. In that case, the polarizing plate or optical film by this invention can be installed in the one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell. When providing a polarizing plate or an optical film on both sides, they may be the same or different. Further, when forming a liquid crystal display device, for example, a single layer or a suitable part such as a diffusing plate, an antiglare layer, an antireflection film, a protective plate, a prism array, a lens array sheet, a light diffusing plate, a backlight, etc. Two or more layers can be arranged.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal cell 20 and the polarizing plate 10 of the present invention disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the polarizing plate 10 is preferably arranged so that the liquid crystal optical compensation layer D side is the liquid crystal cell 20 side. In FIG. 2, although the polarizing plate 10 is provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell 20, the polarizing plate 10 of the present invention can be provided only on one side. The polarizing plates provided on both sides are typically arranged so that their absorption axes are orthogonal. The liquid crystal cell 20 has a pair of glass substrates and a liquid crystal layer as a display medium disposed between the substrates. One substrate (active matrix substrate) is provided with a switching element (typically a TFT) for controlling the electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal, and a scanning line for supplying a gate signal to the active element and a signal line for supplying a source signal. It has been. The other glass substrate (color filter substrate) is provided with a color filter. Note that the color filter may be provided on the active matrix substrate. The distance (cell gap) between the pair of substrates is controlled by a spacer. For example, an alignment film is provided on the side of the substrate in contact with the liquid crystal layer.

  Applications of the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal panel of the present invention include liquid crystal display devices such as personal computers, liquid crystal televisions, mobile phones, and personal digital assistants (PDAs), organic electroluminescence displays (organic EL), projectors, and projection televisions. And an image display device such as a plasma television. Especially, the polarizing plate and liquid crystal panel of this invention are used suitably for a liquid crystal display device, and are used especially suitably for a liquid crystal television.

  Examples and the like specifically showing the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described below. In each example, parts and% are based on weight unless otherwise specified.

(Measurement of phase difference)
The refractive index nx, ny, nz at a wavelength of 590 nm of the transparent protective film is measured by an automatic birefringence measuring device (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, automatic birefringence meter KOBRA21ADH) based on the parallel Nicol rotation method. A phase difference Re and a thickness direction phase difference Rth were calculated.

(Moisture permeability)
According to the moisture permeability test (cup method) of JIS Z0208, this is a value obtained by measuring the number of g of water vapor passing through a sample of area 1 m ² in 24 hours in an atmosphere of a temperature of 40 ° C. and a humidity of 92% RH.

(Viscosity of adhesive aqueous solution)
The prepared adhesive aqueous solution (normal temperature: 23 ° C.) was measured with a rheometer (RSI-HS, manufactured by HAAKE).

(Average colloid particle size)
The alumina colloidal aqueous solution was measured by a dynamic light scattering method (light correlation method) with a particle size distribution meter (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Nanotrac UPA150).

<Production of polarizer>
A polyvinyl alcohol film having an average polymerization degree of 2400, a saponification degree of 99.9 mol%, and a thickness of 75 μm was immersed in warm water at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds to swell. Subsequently, the film was stretched to 3.5 times while dyeing in an iodine solution of 0.3 wt% (weight ratio: iodine / potassium iodide = 0.5 / 8) at 30 ° C. for 1 minute. Next, the total draw ratio was stretched to 6 times while being immersed in a 3% by weight boric acid ester aqueous solution at 65 ° C. for 10 seconds. Then, it dried for 3 minutes in 40 degreeC oven, and obtained the 30-micrometer-thick polarizer.

<Transparent protective film>
The following were used.
Transparent protective film 1: (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure in which R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and R ² and R ³ are methyl groups in the above general formula (1) [weight ratio of copolymerization monomer: methacrylic acid Methyl / 2- (hydroxymethyl) methyl acrylate = 8/2; lactone cyclization rate of about 100%] 90 parts by weight and acrylonitrile-styrene (AS) resin {Toyo AS AS20, manufactured by Toyo Styrene Co., Ltd.} 10 parts by weight A transparent protective film (thickness 40 μm, Re = 0 nm, Rth = 0 nm) stretched 2.0 times in length and 2.4 times in width was used.
Transparent protective film 2: A 40 μm thick triacetyl cellulose film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd., Re = 1 nm, Rth = 50 nm) was used.
Transparent protective film 3: A polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Cosmo Shine A4100 (with one-side easy adhesion treatment layer), Re = 100 nm) having a thickness of 50 μm was used.

<Laminated film>
A wide view (WV) film manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation was used. The WV film has a discotic liquid crystal layer (DIS: abbreviated in Table 1) in which discotic liquid crystal molecules are tilted and aligned on a cellulose polymer film (transparent protective film 2) which is a transparent substrate film. It was.

  The WV film was separated into an inclined alignment layer of discotic liquid crystal molecules, and the characteristics at λ = 590 nm were measured with KOBRA-21ADH manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments. The in-plane maximum refractive index was nx, the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the direction having the in-plane maximum refractive index was ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction was nz. The thickness was d. The transparent support had Δnd = (nx−ny) × d = 12 nm and Rth = (nx−nz) × d = 100 nm. On the other hand, the tilted alignment layer measured the phase difference by changing the incident angle from −50 ° to 50 ° in the direction in which the optical axis is tilted. As a result, Δnd = 30 nm, Rth = 150 nm, and average tilt angle θ = 17 °. Met.

<Preparation of adhesive>
Polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing acetoacetyl group (average polymerization degree: 1200, saponification degree: 98.5 mol%, acetoacetylation degree: 5 mol%) to 100 parts, Under temperature conditions, an aqueous solution dissolved in pure water and adjusted to a solid content concentration of 3.7% was prepared. An aqueous adhesive solution was prepared by adding 18 parts of an aqueous colloidal alumina solution (average particle size 15 nm, solid content concentration 10%, positive charge) to 100 parts of the aqueous solution. The viscosity of the adhesive aqueous solution was 9.6 mPa · s. The pH of the aqueous adhesive solution was in the range of 4-4.5. This is referred to as an adhesive 1. Also, an adhesive aqueous solution was prepared by adding no alumina colloid aqueous solution to the adhesive 1. The viscosity of the aqueous adhesive solution was 7.0 mPa · s. The pH of the aqueous adhesive solution was in the range of 4-4.5. This is referred to as an adhesive 2.

Example 1
<Creation of polarizing plate>
After the transparent substrate film (corresponding to the transparent protective film 2 of the present invention) side of the WV film is saponified, the adhesive layer after drying the adhesive 2 on the saponified surface has a thickness of 80 nm. What was apply | coated so that it might become was prepared. Moreover, what applied the said adhesive agent 2 so that the thickness of the adhesive bond layer after drying was set to 80 nm on the single side | surface of the said transparent protective film 1 was prepared. Application of the adhesive was performed under a temperature condition of 23 ° C. 30 minutes after the preparation. Next, the transparent protective film with adhesive (WV film and transparent protective film 1) was bonded to both sides of the polarizer under a temperature condition of 23 ° C. with a roll machine, and then dried at 55 ° C. for 6 minutes to be polarized. A board was created.

Examples 2-4, Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, the polarizing plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of transparent protective film and the type of adhesive were changed as shown in Table 1.

  In addition, preparation of the laminated film of each example formed the discotic liquid crystal layer on the transparent protective film by the method similar to the said WV film.

(Evaluation)
The following evaluation was performed about the obtained polarizing plate. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Display unevenness)
The polarizing plate was cut out so that the absorption axis of the polarizer was 45 ° with respect to the long side and matched with a 17-inch monitor. An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was attached to the laminated film surface (liquid crystal optical compensation layer side) of the polarizing plate. A sample (liquid crystal panel) was prepared by sticking this polarizing plate with an adhesive layer on both surfaces of a TN type liquid crystal cell so that the absorption axes of the polarizing plates (polarizers) were orthogonal to each other. The sample was subjected to a heating test (80 ° C., 24 hours) and a humidification test (60 ° C., 90% RH, 24 hours). After the test, visual observation and luminance were measured.
Luminance was measured at locations (1) to (9) shown in FIG. 3, and the in-plane uniformity was evaluated by the following formula.
In-plane uniformity (luminance: cd / cm ² ) = ((2) + (4) + (6) + (8)) / 4-((1) + (3) + (5) + (7) + (9)) / 5

(Adhesion)
At the end of the polarizing plate, a cutter edge was inserted between the polarizer and the transparent protective film. In the insertion portion, the polarizer and the transparent protective film were gripped and pulled in opposite directions. At this time, when the polarizer and / or the transparent protective film was broken and could not be peeled off, the adhesion was judged to be good: “◯”. On the other hand, when a part or all peeled between the polarizer and the transparent protective film, the adhesion was poor: “x” was judged.

(Peeling amount)
A sample was prepared by cutting the polarizing plate so as to be 50 mm in the absorption axis direction of the polarizer and 25 mm in the direction perpendicular to the absorption axis. The sample was immersed in warm water at 60 ° C., and the amount of peeling (mm) at the end of the sample was measured over time. The amount of peeling (mm) was measured with a caliper. The amount of peeling (mm) after 5 hours is shown in Table 1.

(Appearance evaluation: Knick defect)
A sample was prepared by cutting out the polarizing plate to be 1000 mm × 1000 mm. A sample polarizing plate was placed under a fluorescent lamp. Another polarizing plate was installed on the light source side of the polarizing plate of the sample so that the respective absorption axes were perpendicular to each other, and in this state, the number of points through which light was lost (knic defects) was counted.

It is a schematic sectional drawing for demonstrating the polarizing plate by typical embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the liquid crystal panel by preferable embodiment of this invention. The measurement part of the brightness | luminance of a liquid crystal panel which concerns on evaluation of the display nonuniformity of an Example is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Polarizing plate 11 Polarizer 12, 12 ′ Adhesive layer 13 Laminated film A, B Transparent protective film D Liquid crystal optical compensation layer 20 Liquid crystal cell

Claims (8)

A polarizing plate having an adhesive layer, a transparent protective film A and a liquid crystal optical compensation layer in this order on one side of a polarizer, and an adhesive layer and a transparent protective film B in this order on the other side,
The liquid crystal optical compensation layer is a liquid crystal optical compensation layer obtained by tilting the optical axis of liquid crystal, and
At least one of the transparent protective film A and the transparent protective film B contains a (meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure,
The adhesive layer is a resin solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing an acetoacetyl group, a crosslinking agent, and a metal compound colloid having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm, and
A polarizing plate, wherein the metal compound colloid is formed from an adhesive for polarizing plate that is blended at a ratio of 10 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol resin. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 10 to 300 nm. 3. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the metal compound colloid is at least one selected from alumina colloid, silica colloid, zirconia colloid, titania colloid and tin oxide colloid. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the metal compound colloid has a positive charge. The polarizing plate according to claim 4, wherein the metal compound colloid is an alumina colloid. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal optical compensation layer is a discotic liquid crystal layer. An optical film, wherein at least one polarizing plate according to claim 1 is laminated. An image display device comprising the polarizing plate according to claim 1 or the optical film according to claim 7.