JP5197004B2 - 熱制御方法及びそのシステム - Google Patents
熱制御方法及びそのシステム Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Description
この発明は、ケネス・ダブリュー・コワンズ(Kenneth W. Cowans)、グレン・ズビラガ(Glenn Zubillaga)及びウィリアム・ダブリュー・コワンズ(William W. Cowans)を発明者として、「Transfer Direct Heat Exchanger System」という発明の名称で、2004年6月2日付けで出願された仮特許出願(Provisional Patent Application)第60/576705号に基づく優先権を主張する。
加熱−冷却システムなどの温度制御装置(Thermal control units(TCUs))は、プロセスツールまたはその他のデバイスに、選択された可変温度を確立し且つそれを維持するために、広範に使用されている。現代の熱制御装置または温度制御装置の典型的な例は、資本集約度の高い半導体製造設備で見いだすことができる。高コストのフロアスペースを可能な限り保つために、温度制御装置には厳しい空間的要求が課せられている。高収益な業績を得るならば、必要とされる大規模な資本設備コストは、操作中のダウンタイム(downtime)を許容しないので、信頼性を確保する必要がある。異なる製造工程のために目標温度を変更することができるが、個々の工程が完了するまでは、目的温度に厳密に保持する必要がある。多くの工業用及び一般家庭用の冷蔵システムでは、選択されたレベルへ温度を降下させ、その後、それ程厳密ではない温度範囲内にその温度を維持することを目的とする。従って、これらの商業用のシステムにおいて、信頼性よく、長期間の操作が達成されたとしても、その性能は、非常に高度な技術の(highly technical)生産機械の要求に応えるには達していない。
この発明の方法及びシステムは、広い温度範囲にわたって速い応答性と高い熱効率とを備えた冷却源又は加熱源として、可変相冷媒(variable phase refrigerant)を直接使用する。冷媒は、その温度制御範囲の主要な(基本的な)部分の間は液体と蒸気との飽和混合物として維持され、可変の熱負荷(variable heat load)として機能する制御されるユニット(controlled unit)と、直接接触する。制御される装置の温度は、飽和した流体混合物の圧力を変化させることによって、非常に迅速に調整することができる。導管、熱交換器(HEXs)および流体質量におけるエネルギー損失は最小になり、そして、これらの構成要素の温度変化に起因する冷却されるデバイスの温度応答の遅れが、実質的になくなる。
添付図面と共に以下の説明を参照することによって、この発明はよりよく理解されるだろう。
直感に反する(counter-intuitive)冷却サイクルが開示されてきたが、図3のフローチャートにおいて逐次示しているように、この冷却サイクルは、温度を制御されるシステムとの熱交換関係において、飽和流体(ミスト化された液体と蒸気)の遷移相(transitional phase)を維持することに焦点が当てられている。適切な内部操作とともに飽和相を用いることにより、温度制御のために冷媒流体及びサイクルを直接使用することが可能になり、さらに、従来克服されていなかった相転移及び安定性の障壁が克服される。選択された圧力における液体の小滴と蒸気ミストとの平衡状態を確立することによって、温度は予め決定される。更に、純粋な液相または純粋な気相の両者に存在する厳密な熱伝導作用とは反対に、蒸発及び液化の動力学が、熱を表面に移動させる能力を向上するので、熱エネルギー交換能力は、純粋な液相または純粋な気相よりも実質的に高い。
Claims (14)
- 熱負荷(112)を目的温度に維持する温度制御方法であって、
循環する冷媒を圧縮して、高温加圧ガス流を提供する工程と、
前記高温加圧ガス流を、プロポーショナルバルブ(144)によって質量流量及び圧力を制御可能である高温加圧ガスの第1の流れと、高温加圧ガスの第2の流れとに分岐させる工程と、
前記第2の流れを凝縮させて液体流を得る工程と、
前記液体流を熱膨張バルブ(157)によって膨張させて液体/気体ミスト流を得て、当該液体/気体ミスト流を、流体の圧力降下を生じさせる逆止弁を有するデルタPバルブ(155)を通過させる工程と、
前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)を介して選択された割合の前記第1の流れと、前記液体/気体ミスト流とを混合回路(140)内の混合ヘッド(165)で混合して、選択圧力の第3の流れを得る工程と、
前記第3の流れを熱負荷(112)内に流通させて、前記熱負荷(112)の温度を制御する工程と、
前記熱負荷(112)の温度を検出して、コントローラ(114)に送る工程と、
コントローラ(114)によって前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)を制御して、前記第1の流れの質量流量を変化させて、前記熱負荷(112)の温度を変える工程と、
熱負荷(112)からの流れを再加圧に好適な気体へ戻す工程と、
を含んでおり、
基本モードでは、前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)からの前記第1の流れと、前記熱膨張バルブ(157)からの前記液体/気体ミスト流とが選択された割合で供給されて、前記第1の流れと前記液体/気体ミスト流との混合流から前記第3の流れが形成され、
前記第1の流れのみを用いる加熱モードでは、前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)をフルオープンすることによって、熱膨張バルブ(157)からの前記液体/気体ミスト流が止められて、前記第1の流れのみから前記第3の流れが形成され、
前記液体/気体ミスト流のみを用いる冷却モードでは、前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)が閉じられて、前記液体/気体ミスト流のみから前記第3の流れが形成されることを特徴とする温度制御方法。 - 前記基本モードでは飽和した蒸気ミストが維持され、前記第3の流れの前記圧力の変化が、前記蒸気ミストの蒸発又は凝縮の潜熱による熱エネルギーの移動を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第3の流れが専ら高温気体である高温範囲を提供する工程を含んでなる請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記熱負荷(112)へ送る前に、前記第3の流れを更に加熱する工程を含んでなる請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記熱負荷(112)の温度を修正するために、温度センサ(118)によって測定され、コントローラ114に信号を伝達された熱負荷(112)の温度に応じて、前記第3の流れの温度を調整する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 飽和した混合流からなる前記第3の流れの圧力を変化させることによって熱負荷(112)の温度を非常に迅速に制御する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 常温加圧の冷媒の熱膨張のみを用いることを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基本モード内において、前記第3の流れを液体と蒸気との飽和混合物として維持し、前記第3の流れは、制御されるユニットである可変式の熱負荷(112)と直接接触させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 選択された圧力において液体小滴と蒸気ミストとの平衡状態を確立することによって、飽和した混合流の温度を前もって決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第3の流れに含まれる蒸気のすべてが液化するまで、平衡温度にある前記第3の流れから前記熱負荷(112)に熱を供給するか、又は、
前記第3の流れに含まれる液体のすべてが蒸発するまで、平衡温度にある前記第3の流れが前記熱負荷(112)から熱を奪うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の流れと、前記液体/気体ミスト流とを前記混合ヘッド(165)で混合する工程が、前記熱膨張バルブ(157)からの前記液体/蒸気ミスト流の温度を前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)からの前記第1の流れの温度と平衡させる必要性によって、小滴の寸法の減少をもたらすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- センサ(118)によって熱負荷(112)で決定された所定の温度(T)を維持する工程を含み、
前記プロポーショナルバルブ(144)の開度を調整して前記第1の流れの質量流量を変化させることにより、供給ライン(113)中の前記第3の流れの圧力が調整され、
これにより、前記第3の流れの中の蒸気と液体とが調整された飽和温度で釣り合うように、前記供給ライン(113)内の前記第3の流れの温度が適宜変更されて、前記熱負荷(112)の温度が一定に保たれる請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記液体/気体ミスト流に圧力降下をもたらして、膨張バルブ(157)に固有の流れ非直線性を補償する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱膨張バルブ(157)と前記混合ヘッド(165)との間に前記デルタPバルブ(155)が設けられており、
前記極端な加熱モードでは、前記デルタPバルブ(155)の前記逆止弁が作動して熱膨張バルブ(157)を閉止する請求項1に記載の方法。
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EP2098808A2 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
JP2012088039A (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
US20050183432A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1779046A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
US20070169491A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
EP2096380B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
WO2005121657A2 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
KR20070046813A (ko) | 2007-05-03 |
EP2096379B1 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
US7765820B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 |
EP1779046A2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
WO2005121657A3 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
ATE507445T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
EP2096380A3 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
ATE447150T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
EP2096379A3 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
JP5581300B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
EP2098808B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
DE602005027760D1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
DE602005027759D1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
EP2098808A3 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
US7415835B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 |
EP2096380A2 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
EP1779046B1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
DE602005017400D1 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
EP2096379A2 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
KR100970065B1 (ko) | 2010-07-16 |
US7178353B2 (en) | 2007-02-20 |
US20080319587A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
JP2008501927A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
ATE507444T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
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