JP5190383B2 - ブタコレラウイルス(classic swine fever)に対するキメラワクチン抗原 - Google Patents
ブタコレラウイルス(classic swine fever)に対するキメラワクチン抗原 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、前記の問題を解決する。この新しいワクチンは、CSFV感染からブタを保護する早期免疫応答を発生させることができる免疫系−刺激分子に結合したウイルスのサブユニットを含むキメラ抗原を含有する。提案された解決策のほかの利点は、キメラ抗原においてウイルスタンパク質と結合した刺激分子の免疫増強作用により、感染妊娠雌ブタからその子へのウイルス伝達を無くすることである。
363アミノ酸のE2細胞外ドメインをコードする遺伝子セグメントは、National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)のデータベース上の受入番号AJ704817のCSFVキューバ単離株「Margarita」のウイルスゲノムから逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(RT−PCR)により増幅された。抗原の精製を容易にするために、3’オリゴには6ヒスチジンテールのコード配列を含めた。
RT−PCRにより得たE2hisに対応する配列を、プラスミドpAEC−SPTのBgI II−EcoRV部位に挿入した(Herrera et al.(2000)Biochem Byophys Res.Commun.279:548−551)。こうして、ヒト組織プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター(htPA)の分泌シグナルが先行し、そしてヒトサイトメガロウイルスの早期直接プロモーター(CMVP)の転写調節を受けるE2hisのコード配列を含むベクターpE2his−secが得られた。
複製欠陥のアデノウイルスベクター(Ad−ΔE1,ΔE3)は、AdEasyシステムガイド(AdEasytm−Vector system,Quantum Biotechnologies,EE.UU)の記述に従って作成された。プラスミドpAd Track−CMVは、転移ベクターとして使用された。htPAの分泌シグナルを持つE2hisのコード配列(E2his−sec)は、NcoI及びEcoRV制限エンドヌクレアーゼによる酵素消化によりプラスミドpE2his−secから抽出され、そしてそれはpAdTrackベクターのEcoR V制限部位に挿入された。PCMVの転写調節の下にE2his分泌可能な変異体を持つ組換えpAdT−E2his−secが得られた。
発現カセットE2his及びE2his−CD154による乳腺上皮の形質転換のために、Ad−E2his−sec及びAd−E2hisCD154−sec組換えアデノウイルスベクターを使用した。両者の場合において、このベクターを、乳頭チャネルを介して直接乳房に注入することにより授乳ヤギの乳腺に接種した。アデノウイルスベクターは、乳腺上皮を構成する分泌上皮細胞に感染し、組換えタンパク質の発現を可能とした。
E2his及びE2his−CD154組換えワクチン抗原を含むそれぞれの搾乳日の検体をそれぞれ混合し、15,000g,30分間、4℃で遠心分離した。可溶相(乳清)を分離し、脂肪相を廃棄した。収集した乳清をミルク分離緩衝液(10mM Tris−HCl,10mM CaCl2,pH;8.0)で比率1:4に希釈した。混合物を氷上で30分間冷却し、15,000g,30分間、4℃で遠心分離した。上清及び沈殿をSDS−PAGE及びウエスタンブロッティングアッセイにより分析した。組換えタンパク質の大部分は可溶相に存在したが、沈殿はカゼインを含むことが確認された。
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeのインベルターゼスクロースの分泌シグナル(Suc2)の3’末端に目的のコード配列を組み入れるために、pPS10 P.pastoris発現ベクターを、Nae I制限エンドヌクレアーゼで消化した。PCRにより増幅されたE2コード配列は、pPS10プラスミドのNaeI制限部位に挿入された。E2his−CD154コード配列は、Sma I−EcoRV制限エンドヌクレアーゼによる酵素消化によりpMOS−E2his−CD154プラスミドから取り出され、pPS10のNae I制限部位に挿入された。このようにして、pPS−E2his及びpPS−E2his−CD154プラスミドが得られた。両分子のコード配列は、S.cerevisiaeのSuc2の分泌シグナルに結合しており、そしてP.pastorisイーストのアルコール酸化酵素(AOX1)プロモーターの転写調節を受けていた。
液相からバイオマスを分離するために、発酵生産物を10,000g,30分間、4℃で遠心分離した。この培養液を0.8μM及び0.2μMの膜(Millipore)で濾過し、そしてそれをNi−NTA Agaroseマトリックス(Qiagen,USA)を充填したXK16精製カラム(Amersham,USA)に適用した。100mMリン酸緩衝液、30mMイミダゾール、pH7.2による洗浄を行い、そして該タンパク質は100mMリン酸緩衝液、200mMイミダゾール、pH7.2で溶出した。純粋フラクションを10mMリン酸緩衝液に対して透析した。遺伝子導入P.pastorisイーストの発酵上清のE2his及びE2his−CD154の精製方法は、両ワクチン抗原について同じであった。この2つのタンパク質は、95%の高い純度レベルで得られた。E2hisは83%の回収で得られ、E2his−CD154の場合には78%の回収で得られた。
CSFVに対する血清検査陰性であり、ワクチン接種をせずにCSFのない群れに属する健康ブタ24匹(体重約20kg)をこのアッセイに使用した。ブタをそれぞれ8匹ずつの群に別け、3つの分離した実験室(A,B及びC)に収容し、餌と水は自由摂取とした。
CSF疾患の無い又はワクチン接種歴の無い群れ(3年以前)のCSFV血清検査陰性の雌ブタ10匹を使用した。離乳後、ホルモン処理により性周期が誘導され、3日後に全ての雌ブタに精子が注入された。精子注入は免疫と同時に行われた。雌ブタ5匹の群は、実施例7に記述したワクチン製剤の2mLを首の筋肉内に注射された(群B)。残る5匹の雌ブタは陰性対照群とされ、アジュバントと食塩液の1:1(V/V)比混合物の2mLにより構成されるプラセボを注射された。ワクチン投与群は21日後にブースターを投与された。妊娠雌ブタは、臨床3徴候(体温、心拍数及び呼吸数)の測定による検査を受け、そして血液検査のための採血を毎週行い、そしてCSFVに対する中和抗体の検出が行われた。2ヵ月後、妊娠雌ブタは、筋肉内注射により105DL50の同種CSFV「Margarita」株を投与された。CSFVの存在を検出するために、チャレンジ後3日目及び5日目に末梢血リンパ球からウイルス分離が行われた。チャレンジ2週間後に雌ブタを屠殺し、形態及び解剖学的病理分析及びウイルス分離アッセイのために胎児を取り出した。実験中、雌ブタは水と餌を自由に摂取した。
各群6匹のブタの4群を使用し(実施例8と同じ条件)、下記の抗原量でワクチン製剤を適用した:E2his−CD154 50μg(群D),E2his−CD154 80μg(群E),E2his 50μg(群F)。群Gはプラセボ群として使用した。抗原を「水/油」エマルジョン中に製剤化し、2mLを筋肉内注射により接種した。プラセボ群には、タンパク質を含まないアジュバントを接種した。ワクチンは1回投与した。免疫後8日目に、105DL50 CSFV「Margarita」株を筋肉内接種することにより、この動物にチャレンジした。試験期間中毎日臨床徴候を記録し、毎週血液学検査及び中和抗体分析のために採血を行った。また、リンパ球増殖及び「血清中の抗ウイルス活性」アッセイによる細胞性免疫応答を評価するために、ワクチン接種後1,3,5及び7日目に血液検体を採取した。
血清学的にCSFV疾患及びワクチン接種歴の無い(以前3年間)群れの、体重約20kg,CSFVに対する血清検査陰性の6匹のブタの3群を使用した。動物は水と餌を毎日自由に与えられた。
10匹の雌ブタを、実施例8に使用したブタと同じ健康条件及び由来で選別した。離乳後、ホルモン処理により性周期を誘発し、3日後に全ての雌ブタに精子を注入した。同時に、5匹の雌ブタの群は、E2his−CD154ワクチン製剤(80μg/動物;実施例10の群Eに使用した組成)の2mLを耳の後ろの首に筋肉注射して免疫した。残る5匹のブタの群はプラセボとしてアジュバントで免疫した。妊娠雌ブタは、臨床三徴候(体温、心拍数及び呼吸数)を調べられ、そして毎週、血液学及びCSFVに対する中和抗体の検出のための採血が行われた。妊娠2ヶ月において、105DL50のCSFV「Margarita」株でチャレンジした。チャレンジ後3日目と5日目に採血して、ウイルス血症を検査した。2週間後、雌ブタを屠殺し、その胎児を取り出し、ウイルス学的、形態学的及び病理学的分析を行った。実験中、雌ブタは毎日水と餌を自由に摂取した。
Claims (11)
- 免疫系刺激タンパク質と結合した免疫原を含む、ブタコレラウイルス(CSFV)に対するキメラワクチン抗原であって、
該免疫原がCSFVのウイルスエンベロープのE2グリコプロテインの細胞外セグメントであり;
該免疫系刺激タンパク質がCD154分子の細胞外セグメントである;
キメラワクチン抗原。 - 前記CD154分子の細胞外セグメントがいずれかの哺乳動物由来である、請求項1に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 前記CSFVのウイルスエンベロープのE2グリコプロテインの細胞外セグメントのアミノ酸配列が配列番号1であり、
前記CD154分子の細胞外セグメントのアミノ酸配列が配列番号2である、
請求項1または2に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。 - 組換え、合成又は化学的結合により得られる請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 乳腺上皮細胞中に請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗原を発現する遺伝子修飾された非ヒト哺乳動物のミルクから得られる請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 乳腺の直接遺伝子変換により非遺伝子導入非ヒト哺乳動物のミルクから得られる、請求項5に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 前記乳腺の直接遺伝子変換がアデノウイルスベクターを使用して行われる、請求項6に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 乳腺上皮細胞中に請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗原を発現する非ヒト遺伝子導入哺乳動物のミルクから得られる請求項5に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗原を発現する遺伝子修飾されたイーストから得られる請求項4に記載のキメラワクチン抗原。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載されているキメラ抗原を含む、CSFVに対する保護的免疫応答を生じさせるための、ワクチン製剤。
- 全身又は粘膜経路により、ブタに投与するための、請求項10に記載のワクチン製剤。
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