JP5169394B2 - Heat pump water heater - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat pump type water heater.

As a conventional technique, a fin tube heat exchanger composed of a plurality of rows is used for an evaporator constituting a heat pump cycle in order to increase the heat absorption capability from the atmosphere (see, for example, Patent Document 1). That is, in a conventional evaporator, an air flow is generated by driving a blower fan for sending air to the evaporator, and the evaporator is arranged in a plurality of rows in a direction substantially perpendicular to the air flow. Was composed.
JP 2005-147441 A

  However, in the conventional configuration, there are a plurality of advantages when the evaporators are configured in a plurality of rows, such as high heat absorption capability in quality at low temperatures and high cooling capability in cooling of electrical components that control the heat pump cycle. However, since the evaporator is composed of a plurality of rows of fin tube heat exchangers, there is a problem that the amount of material used increases.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a heat pump type water heater capable of reducing the amount of material used and maintaining the performance.

In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the heat pump type hot water heater of the present invention is configured such that at least a compressor, an evaporator constituted by a fin tube heat exchanger , a decompression device, and a water refrigerant heat exchanger are sequentially annularized by refrigerant piping. a heat pump cycle formed by connecting, with a fan to force the air to the evaporator, e Bei the electrical equipment section, said evaporator, and said fan and said compressor, to form an air flow path by the fan And the electrical component is disposed near the top of the evaporator on the compressor side, and the finned tube heat exchanger is adapted to the air flow generated when the fan is driven. arranged such that a line in a substantially vertical direction against, among the refrigerant tubes of the fin tube heat exchanger, arranged refrigerant inlet portion in which the refrigerant flows into the bottom of the fin tube heat exchanger, the off After the refrigerant flows into the tube heat exchanger, one of the fins is branched from the middle so that the refrigerant flows downward from the uppermost part of the finned tube heat exchanger and the other from the substantially central part downward. By adopting a configuration in which the diverted refrigerant is joined and returned to the compressor , the heat exchanger is formed in a single row, so that the ventilation resistance decreases, so the amount of air passing increases and the performance can be maintained. .

  The present invention can provide a heat pump type hot water heater capable of reducing the amount of material used and maintaining the performance.

The heat pump type hot water heater of the first invention is a heat pump cycle in which at least a compressor, an evaporator constituted by a fin tube heat exchanger , a decompression device, and a water refrigerant heat exchanger are sequentially connected in an annular manner by a refrigerant pipe, wherein a fan forcibly sending air to the evaporator, e Bei the electrical equipment section, said evaporator, and said fan and said compressor, disposed partitioned so as to form an air flow path by the fan, And while arrange | positioning the said electrical equipment part on the said compressor side in the upper part vicinity of the said evaporator , the said fin tube heat exchanger is arranged in a line in a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the air flow generated when the said fan is driven. so as to be disposed, among the refrigerant tubes of the fin tube heat exchanger, arranged refrigerant inlet portion in which the refrigerant flows into the bottom of the fin tube heat exchanger, the cold in the fin tube heat exchanger Is branched from the middle so that the refrigerant flows from the uppermost part of the finned-tube heat exchanger to the lower side and the other from the substantially central part to the lower side. By adopting a configuration that returns to the compressor , since the heat exchanger is configured in a single row, the ventilation resistance decreases, so the amount of air passing increases and the performance can be maintained.

  Furthermore, since the amount of air passing increases, the rotational speed of the fan can be reduced as compared with the conventional case. As a result, power consumption is reduced and noise is prevented.

In addition, by flowing a high-temperature refrigerant from the bottom of the heat exchanger at the time of defrosting , it is possible to distribute warm air throughout the evaporator by utilizing the phenomenon that high-temperature air rises. The defrosting capacity of the vessel can be increased.

In addition, since it passes through the uppermost refrigerant pipe in the refrigerant state before the refrigerant evaporates, the temperature of the air after heat exchange can be lowered, and the electrical components provided at the top of the heat pump unit Therefore, it is possible to blow air having a lower temperature, so that it is possible to improve the cooling capacity of the electrical component.

In addition, since the length per one can be shortened rather than a single one, the refrigerant pressure loss generated in the refrigerant pipe can be reduced, and further, In addition, the defrosting performance and the cooling performance of the electrical components can be maintained.

The heat pump type hot water heater of the second invention, in particular, in the first invention, uses carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, thereby reducing the product cost by using relatively inexpensive and stable carbon dioxide for the refrigerant. , Reliability can be improved. In addition, carbon dioxide has an ozone depletion coefficient of zero and a global warming coefficient of about 1/700 of the alternative refrigerant HFC-407C, which is very small.

The heat pump type hot water heater of the third invention is particularly configured in the first or second invention such that the high pressure side of the heat pump cycle becomes supercritical, so that the refrigerant in the water refrigerant heat exchanger is above the critical pressure. Therefore, it does not condense even if the temperature is lowered due to heat deprived by the water of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger. Therefore, it becomes easy to form a temperature difference between the refrigerant and water in the entire area of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, so that hot water can be obtained and the heat exchange efficiency can be increased.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a heat pump type water heater in the first embodiment, in which a compressor 11, a water refrigerant heat exchanger 12, a pressure reducing device 13, and an evaporator 14 are connected in an annular shape by a refrigerant pipe 15. A heat pump cycle that can adjust the valve opening of the decompression device 13, a hot water storage tank 16 that stores liquid for hot water supply, a liquid pipe 18 that allows the liquid in the hot water tank to circulate through the hot water supply apparatus, and a liquid pipe The pump 17 for circulating the liquid in the hot water storage tank, the incoming water temperature detecting means 31 for detecting the incoming water temperature of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 12, the hot water temperature detecting means 32 for detecting the hot water temperature, and the discharged refrigerant temperature of the compressor 11 It comprises discharge temperature detecting means 33 for detecting.

  Further, the compressor 11 has a compressor configuration without an accumulator, and since there is no accumulator, it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the heat pump hot water supply body. Furthermore, the heat pump circuit is a supercritical heat pump cycle in which the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds the critical pressure. By heating the hot water or air, the refrigerant in the water refrigerant heat exchanger is pressurized above the critical pressure. Therefore, it does not condense even if the temperature is lowered due to heat deprived by water of the water refrigerant heat exchanger. Therefore, it becomes easy to form a temperature difference between the refrigerant and water in the entire area of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, so that hot water can be obtained and the heat exchange efficiency can be increased.

Furthermore, the refrigerant to be used is carbon dioxide, and by using relatively inexpensive and stable carbon dioxide for the refrigerant, the product cost can be suppressed and the reliability can be improved. In addition, carbon dioxide has an ozone depletion coefficient of zero and a global warming coefficient of about 1/700 of the alternative refrigerant HFC-407C, which is very small.

  FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of the heat pump unit. The electrical equipment part 3 which accommodated the component apparatus which comprises a heat pump cycle, the control component which controls a heat pump unit, and an electrical component is accommodated in the upper part of the heat pump unit. A fan 2 is installed in the front part of the evaporator, and a water refrigerant heat exchanger 12 is installed in the lower part of the fan 2. When the fan is driven, an air flow is formed from the back side of the heat pump unit, that is, from the evaporator side toward the fan 2.

  Next, the configuration of the evaporator will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the evaporator. FIG. 3A is a view from the top of the evaporator. As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the evaporator 14 is composed of a row of finned tube heat exchangers in a direction substantially perpendicular to the air flow generated when the fan 2 is driven. The exchanger copper pipe (refrigerant pipe) 9 has a shape that penetrates the plurality of aluminum fins 20. Thus, material cost can be reduced by comprising by a row of fin tube heat exchangers. In addition, since the air ventilation resistance is reduced as compared with the conventional one, not only the same performance as the conventional one can be achieved without increasing the rotational speed of the fan 2, but also the rotational speed of the fan 2 can be reduced, thereby preventing noise. In addition, power consumption can be reduced.

  In particular, although the configuration of the evaporators of the heat pump type hot water heater is in one row, the performance on the low pressure side is lower than when it is configured in multiple rows, but in the case of the heat pump type hot water heater, the water refrigerant on the high pressure side By changing the configuration of the heat exchanger, it is possible to compensate for the performance degradation in the evaporator. In other words, it is possible to improve the performance of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger by making the part where water and the refrigerant of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger perform heat exchange longer than before, and reduce the performance reduction in the evaporator. Can be supplemented. That is, in the heat pump water heater, the performance deterioration in the evaporator can be compensated by the water refrigerant heat exchanger, and the material used for the evaporator can be reduced.

  FIG. 3B is a view seen from the front of the evaporator, and FIG. 3C is a view seen from one side of the evaporator. As shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (c), the refrigerant inlet portion 5 is provided at the lowermost portion, and a branch portion 6 that branches in two directions is provided in the middle of the refrigerant pipe 9. The refrigerant pipe branched at the branching portion 6 is branched into the substantially central portion and the uppermost portion of the evaporator, one of which penetrates the aluminum fin 20 in a hairpin shape from the substantially central portion downward, and the other is The aluminum fin 20 is penetrated in a hairpin shape from the uppermost part toward the substantially central part. The refrigerant pipes divided in two directions merge at the outlet junction 8 and are supplied to the compressor 11.

  About the evaporator comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below.

  First, when hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 16, the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 11 to be a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and supplied to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 12. On the other hand, by driving the pump 17, low-temperature water at the bottom of the hot water tank 16 is supplied to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 12, and heat exchange is performed between the low-temperature water and the high-temperature refrigerant in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 12. Hot water is generated and stored in the upper part of the hot water tank 16.

At this time, in the finned tube heat exchanger constituting the evaporator 14, the refrigerant flowing from the lowermost part is branched into a plurality of parts, and one of the refrigerant pipes 7 is lowered downward from the uppermost part of the evaporator. Since it is configured to meander and penetrate through the plurality of aluminum fins 20, since the refrigerant before evaporation can flow through the upper portion of the evaporator 14, the electrical component 3 provided above the heat pump unit Since the cooled air can be blown, the cooling performance can be improved.

  Next, the defrosting operation of the evaporator 14 will be described. When the defrosting operation of the evaporator 14 is performed, the compressor 11 is operated with the decompression device 13 fully opened. The refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 15 receives heat from the high-temperature water in the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 12 and is supplied to the evaporator 14. As a result, defrosting can be performed because warm refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 14.

  At this time, since the refrigerant is introduced from the lowermost part of the evaporator 14, since the warm air radiated from the warm refrigerant supplied to the lowermost part rises upward, the entire evaporator 14 can be warmed. The defrosting performance can be improved. In particular, by applying such an evaporator configuration to a heat pump water heater that performs such a defrosting operation, heat from a small amount of hot water can be effectively used for defrosting. It is.

  As described above, the heat pump water heater of the present invention can improve the defrosting performance and reduce the material cost.

  As described above, the present invention can be applied to an evaporator in a heat pump type hot water heater even in an integrated heat pump water heater in which a hot water storage tank and a heat pump cycle are integrally formed.

The block diagram of the heat pump type water heater in Embodiment 1 of this invention Configuration diagram of heat pump unit in the embodiment (A) Top view of the evaporator in the same embodiment (b) Front view (c) Side view

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Fan 3 Electrical part 5 Refrigerant inlet part 6 Refrigerant branch part 8 Refrigerant outlet merge part 11 Compressor 12 Water refrigerant heat exchanger 13 Depressurizer 14 Evaporator 15 Refrigerant pipe 16 Hot water tank 17 Pump 18 Liquid pipe

Claims (3)

A heat pump cycle in which at least a compressor, an evaporator composed of a finned-tube heat exchanger , a decompression device, and a water refrigerant heat exchanger are sequentially connected in an annular manner through a refrigerant pipe, and a fan that forcibly sends air to the evaporator If, e Bei the electrical equipment section, the evaporator, and the fan and the compressor, the fan according to the place and divides to form an air flow path, and the electrical equipment section at the compressor side The fin tube heat exchanger is disposed in the vicinity of the upper portion of the evaporator, and the fin tube heat exchanger is arranged in a line in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the air flow generated when the fan is driven. Among the refrigerant tubes of the exchanger, the refrigerant inlet portion into which the refrigerant flows is arranged at the lowest part of the fin tube heat exchanger, and after the refrigerant flows into the fin tube heat exchanger, one of the fin tubes Characterized in that towards the top of the exchanger downwards, while branched from the middle to flow said cooling medium downward and the other from the substantially central portion, and configured to return to the compressor is combined with the diversion refrigerant Heat pump type water heater. The heat pump type hot water heater according to claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide gas is used as the refrigerant. The heat pump type hot water heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high pressure side of the heat pump cycle is supercritical.

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