JP5101746B1 - Garlic crushed material, active oxygen scavenger, and method for producing garlic crushed material - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a crushed garlic having a high active oxygen scavenging ability, an active oxygen scavenger using the same, and a high active oxygen scavenging ability from raw garlic without going through a ripening process that has been indispensable for the production of black garlic. It aims at providing the method of manufacturing efficiently the garlic crush which has.
A process for producing heat-treated garlic by heat-treating raw garlic, a process for pressurizing the heat-treated garlic with saturated steam at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined process time, and instantaneously applying the pressure of the pressurized heat-treated garlic A method of steam-cracking garlic by depressurizing, a method for producing a garlic crushed product, and a garlic crushed product obtained by such a production method.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a garlic crushed product, an active oxygen scavenger, and a method for producing a garlic crushed product. In detail, it is related with the manufacturing method of the garlic crushing material and active oxygen scavenger which have extremely high active oxygen scavenging ability, and a garlic crushing material.

  Garlic is known to contain polyphenolic antioxidants. When eating garlic that contains a lot of such antioxidants, the antioxidants of garlic prevent various lifestyle-related diseases such as arteriosclerosis by eliminating the active oxygen that eliminates free radicals in the body. Is expected.

  Conventionally, blackened aged garlic (referred to as black garlic) obtained by subjecting raw garlic to self-fermentation by aging treatment by the action of garlic's own enzyme is known. Such black garlic is known to have higher active oxygen scavenging ability than raw garlic.

  For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses an extract of fermented black garlic produced by fermenting and aging raw garlic under conditions of a temperature of 55 to 80 ° C. and a humidity of 70 to 95% for 8 to 30 days.

  In order to produce black garlic, it is necessary to pass a long ripening period, and it is difficult to select conditions for ripening while suppressing spoilage and the like, resulting in low productivity. In order to solve such a problem, for example, the following Patent Document 2 discloses that raw garlic and an enzyme containing cellulase or an enzyme containing cellulase and water, which are inserted and sealed in a flexible bag, Disclosed is a method for preparing an aged garlic extract by holding it at a pressure of 200 MPa within a range of 30 to 80 ° C. for 2 to 6 days, preferably 3 to 4 days. However, the aging period of 2 to 6 days is also required by the method disclosed in Patent Document 2.

  By the way, when garlic is used as a component of health foods, it is usually pulverized or granulated using a miller, crusher, freeze pulverization method or the like. Specifically, for example, Patent Document 3 discloses as a crushing process, for example, a compression crusher such as a jaw crusher, a gyre crusher, and a cone crusher, a shear crusher such as a cutter mill and a shredder, an impact crusher such as a hammer crusher, Roll crusher such as roll crusher, rotary crusher such as disintegrator, cage mill, screw mill such as coffee mill, roll rolling mill such as edge runner, striking mill such as stamp mill, centrifugal roller mill, ball bearing mill, bowl mill, High-speed rotating mills such as roller mills such as Zegomir and Ong mills, swing hammer mills, pin mills, cage mills, turbo type mills, and centrifugal classification mills, rolling ball mills, vibratory ball mills, planetary ball mills, CF mills and other container vibratory mills, distribution pipes Milling, stirring tank mill, annular mill, airflow suction, airflow collision, collision plate collision, fluid bed type jet mill, grinding machine such as ultrasonic crusher, stone mill, mortar, etc. Etc. are disclosed. Patent Document 4 discloses producing black garlic pulverized material by pressurizing black garlic to about 200 ° C. while pressurizing to 5 to 60 MPa, and then instantaneously reducing the pressure to normal pressure. .

  By the way, conventionally, a steam explosion method has been known as a crushing method for crushing a plant material having a cellulose structure such as wood. For example, the following non-patent document 1 discloses sugarcane squeezing, the following non-patent document 2 is a cedar, and the following non-patent document 3 is a steam explosion using a chaff.

JP 2007-151436 A JP 2011-87540 A JP 2011-055811 A JP 2011-184281 A

AIST News, 2005 No.14, p.6-7 58th Annual Meeting of the Wood Society of Japan, 2008, p. 000715-p000716, PM017 Proc. Biochem., 2007, vol. 42, p. 1449-1453

  As described above, conventionally, only a method for aging garlic has been widely known as means for improving the antioxidant activity of garlic. However, aging of garlic took a long time, and there was a problem that it was difficult to select conditions for improving antioxidant activity while suppressing spoilage and the like. The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to find a method for improving the antioxidant activity of garlic in a short time without using aging treatment. As a result, steam was injected into the cells of the heat-treated garlic to bring it into a steamed state. After that, it was found that garlic crushed material having extremely high antioxidant activity can be obtained in a short time by applying a steam explosion technique of decomposing under reduced pressure.

  That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a garlic crushed product having a high active oxygen scavenging ability and a garlic obtained by such a production method without going through a aging process that is indispensable for producing black garlic. The purpose is to provide crushed material.

  The garlic crushed product of the present invention is a garlic crushed product obtained by steam explosion treatment of heat-treated garlic. Conventionally, as described above, it takes a long time and labor to produce black garlic having a high active oxygen scavenging ability. Moreover, even if it takes such a long time and effort, the active oxygen scavenging ability inherent in garlic has not been sufficiently extracted. On the other hand, as a method of pulverizing garlic, methods such as a miller, a mixer, a crusher, and freeze pulverization were used, but the active oxygen scavenging ability of raw garlic crushed material that was simply pulverized by such a method was It was significantly lower than the crushed garlic aged. The garlic crushed product of the present invention is a processed garlic product that sufficiently brings out the active oxygen scavenging ability of garlic, and it is relatively free from raw garlic without going through a aging process that takes a long time as in the production of black garlic. Garlic crushed material having high active oxygen scavenging ability can be produced in a short time. Moreover, since the garlic crushed material thus obtained can be produced in a short time, it can be preferably used as a low-cost active oxygen scavenger blended in health foods and pharmaceuticals.

  In addition, the method for producing crushed garlic according to the present invention includes a step of producing heat-treated garlic by heat-treating raw garlic, a step of pressurizing the heat-treated garlic with water vapor at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined treatment time, And crushing the garlic with steam by instantaneously reducing the pressure of the garlic. According to such a method, a garlic crushed product having high active oxygen scavenging ability can be produced in a short time. This mechanism is probably because heat-treated garlic is kept in a high-temperature and high-pressure steam environment in the steam explosion process, so that water penetrates sufficiently into the cell walls of garlic, and garlic is cooked in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. This is thought to be because the polyphenol component of the high molecular weight antioxidant in garlic is hydrolyzed and converted to a lower molecular weight polyphenol antioxidant.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the garlic crushed material which has high active oxygen scavenging ability can be provided, even if it does not pass through the aging process of a garlic. Moreover, such a garlic crushed product can be produced from raw garlic in a short time by a simple production process.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the steam explosion processing apparatus used by one Embodiment of this invention. In embodiments, an example of a graph used to determine free radical scavenging activity (EC _50).

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The garlic crushed material in the present embodiment is obtained, for example, by subjecting raw heat-treated garlic to steam explosion treatment. The manufacturing method will be described below.

  The kind and production area of raw garlic used in the present embodiment are not particularly limited, and for example, garlic production areas such as Aomori Prefecture in Japan and raw garlic cultivated in China are used without particular limitation.

  In the production method of the present embodiment, first, raw granular garlic is heat-treated. The raw garlic may be a peeled garlic or a peeled garlic, but the peeled garlic tends to have higher active oxygen scavenging ability. Examples of the heat treatment include a method of steaming with water vapor for a predetermined time, a method of heating for a predetermined time in a thermostatic chamber with controlled temperature and humidity, and a method of dry heat treatment.

  In the case of steaming with steam, the method is not particularly limited. For example, raw garlic is contacted with steam generated under normal pressure for a predetermined time, preferably 1 minute to 48 hours, more preferably about 5 minutes to 24 hours. The method etc. which are made to process are mentioned.

  In addition, when heating for a predetermined time in a temperature and humidity controlled temperature and humidity chamber, the method is not particularly limited, for example, in a temperature and humidity controlled humidity chamber of about 60 to 90%, Examples include a method in which raw garlic is treated for a predetermined time, preferably 1 minute to 48 hours, more preferably about 5 minutes to 24 hours. In this case, although the temperature in a heating furnace is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is about 40-80 degreeC and also about 50-70 degreeC.

  In the case of dry heat treatment, the method is not particularly limited. For example, the raw garlic is heated for a predetermined time, preferably 1 minute to 48 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 24 hours, in a heating furnace where humidity is not controlled. The method of making it contact and a grade etc. are mentioned. In this case, although the temperature in a heating furnace is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is about 40-80 degreeC and also about 50-70 degreeC.

  In the production method of the present embodiment, raw garlic that has been heat-treated in advance as described above is subjected to steam explosion treatment to obtain a garlic crushed material. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a steam explosion treatment apparatus 10 used for the steam explosion treatment includes a steam generator 1, a pressure vessel 2 provided with a heater 3, a steam introduction pipe 4, a product receiver 5, a coagulator 6, And valves V1 and V2.

  In the steam explosion process, first, for example, a plurality of heat-treated garlic grains separated in a bunch are accommodated in a pressure-controlled vessel 2 whose temperature is controlled. Then, the valve V2 is closed, the valve V1 is opened, water vapor having a predetermined pressure and temperature is introduced into the pressure vessel 2 from the water vapor introduction pipe 4 connected to the water vapor generator 1, and then the valve V1 is closed. To do. Thereby, the pressure in the pressure-resistant container 2 is raised by water vapor and maintained as it is for a predetermined time. At this time, high-pressure water enters the heat-treated garlic tissue. In this state, the heat-treated garlic is steamed at a high pressure while maintaining a predetermined time, and then the internal pressure in the sealed pressure-resistant vessel 2 is reduced to, for example, the atmospheric pressure by opening the valve V2. Due to the pressure difference, the water that has entered the garlic tissue is vaporized and expanded at once. And the garlic is crushed by the expansion force and becomes juice-like. Then, the crushed juice-like garlic crushed material is received by the product receiver 5 connected to the pressure vessel 2. The water vapor discharged from the pressure vessel 2 to the product receiver 5 is cooled by the aggregator 6 and received by the product receiver 5. And the garlic crushed material remains in the product receiver 5.

  As steam explosion treatment conditions, the steam pressure is preferably about 0.5 to 10 MPa, more preferably about 1 to 8 MPa. If the water vapor pressure is too low, the temperature will not rise sufficiently, so it will take time to produce antioxidants, and garlic will not be sufficiently crushed. If the water vapor pressure is too high, Energy costs tend to be high. The water vapor pressure and temperature can be converted from a saturated water vapor pressure curve. That is, when the water vapor pressure is 0.5 to 10 MPa, the temperature is 151 to 310 ° C., and when the water vapor pressure is 1 to 8 MPa, the temperature is about 180 to 295 ° C.

  The treatment time is preferably adjusted as appropriate depending on the conditions to be treated. For example, it is preferable that the pressure is rapidly reduced after the steaming treatment is performed for 1 to 60 minutes, and further for 1 to 30 minutes. In the steam explosion process, it is preferable to select steaming conditions that are severe to some extent. The mechanism for improving the active oxygen scavenging ability of the garlic crushed material obtained by steam explosion treatment has not been elucidated at present, but if the steaming conditions are too mild, the active oxygen scavenging ability is low. Tend to be.

As the strength of the steam explosion process conditions, the following formula (1)
S = Log [t · exp {(T−100) /14.75}] (1)
(T is processing time (min), T is temperature (° C))
It is preferable that the strength factor (Severity factor) of steam explosion calculated from the above is 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more. By processing under such processing conditions, garlic crushed material having high active oxygen scavenging ability is generated. More specifically, the water vapor pressure is 1 MPa or more and the treatment is performed for 5 minutes or more, or the water vapor pressure is 3 MPa or more and the treatment for 1 minute or more has a very high active oxygen scavenging ability. From the point that a thing is produced | generated, it is preferable.

  In addition, when the raw garlic was cooked using an autoclave and the obtained cooked product was pulverized with a miller, high active oxygen scavenging ability was not expressed as shown in Comparative Example 3 described later.

The garlic crushed product thus produced has a high active oxygen scavenging ability. Specifically, for example, the supernatant liquid separated by filtering a mixed liquid obtained by mixing 1 g of dried garlic crushed material (dry weight, hereinafter also referred to as dry crushed material) and 100 g of ion-exchanged water is filtered. When the free radical scavenging ability (EC ₅₀ ) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is measured, it is 3000 μg / mL or less, further 1000 μg / mL or less, particularly 800 μg / mL or less. Is preferably 400 μg / mL or less. EC ₅₀ is an index used for evaluating active oxygen scavenging ability. The lower the EC ₅₀ , the higher the active oxygen scavenging ability. Further, a specific evaluation method is as follows.

A predetermined amount of garlic crushed material obtained by steam explosion treatment is freeze-dried to obtain a dried crushed material, and after thoroughly mixing 1 g of dried crushed material and 100 g of ion-exchanged water, the supernatant is separated by filtration. . Then, this supernatant is used as a sample stock solution, and a diluted solution of a predetermined concentration prepared from this sample stock solution is reacted with DPPH. Then, the absorbance at 517 nm of DPPH is measured, and DPPH with a known concentration measured in advance is measured. The relative value (%) with respect to the absorbance of the solution is calculated. Then, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the relative value of the absorbance with respect to the concentration of a plurality of diluted solutions is plotted, a graph is drawn by drawing a straight line passing through each point, and the diluted solution when the relative value corresponds to 50% EC ₅₀ (50% effect concentration) is determined.

For example, when a raw garlic pulverized product obtained by pulverizing raw garlic with a miller or a mixer, which is a widely used garlic pulverization method, is used as a sample, as shown in Comparative Example 2 described later, a known concentration is used. Since the relative value of the absorbance of the DPPH solution did not reach 50%, EC ₅₀ could not be calculated.

  The garlic crushed material obtained by steam explosion treatment of garlic described in this embodiment exhibits a high active oxygen scavenging ability that exceeds that of black garlic. Moreover, it can produce in a short time compared with manufacture of the black garlic manufactured through the aging process. Therefore, a garlic product having a high active oxygen scavenging ability can be produced at a low cost.

  The garlic crushed material thus obtained remains in the form of juice, or even if the extract is taken out and used as an active oxygen scavenger, the garlic crushed material is dried and pasty or granulated to be active. It may be used as an oxygen scavenger. Further, such an active oxygen scavenger is used without particular limitation for the same use as that of a conventionally known garlic material. Specifically, for example, it can be preferably used as a material for garlic powder, garlic paste, garlic preparation, garlic-containing health food, and the like.

  Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. The scope of the present invention is not limited at all by the contents of the examples.

[Example 1]
First, steamed garlic was obtained by steaming raw garlic for 10 minutes in steam with steam. And steam garlic was steam-explosively processed using the steam-explosion apparatus provided with the steam generator, the pressure vessel, the steam inlet tube, the product receiver, the aggregator, etc. as shown in FIG. The steam explosion treatment conditions were a steam pressure of 2.0 MPa (temperature 212 ° C.), a treatment time of 10 minutes, and a strength factor S = 4.30. In this way, a garlic crushed material was obtained. And the free radical scavenging ability of the obtained garlic crushed material was measured by the following method.

The garlic crushed product was dried by a freeze dryer to obtain a dried crushed product. And after mixing 1 g of dry crushed materials and 100 g of ion-exchanged water, the supernatant was separated by filtration. This supernatant was used as a sample stock solution having a concentration of 10,000 μg / mL. Then, after reacting a diluted solution having a predetermined concentration prepared from the sample stock solution with DPPH, the absorbance of DPPH at 517 nm is measured, and the relative value (%) with respect to the absorbance of the DPPH solution having a known concentration measured in advance. ). Then, the relative value of DPPH radical scavenging ability with respect to a plurality of dilute solutions having different concentrations is plotted, a graph is drawn by drawing a straight line passing through each point, and EC is the concentration of the dilute solution when the relative value is 50%. ₅₀ (50% effective concentration) was determined. The EC ₅₀ was 111 μg / mL.

Table 1 shows the evaluation results of steam explosion conditions, EC ₅₀ and gallic acid equivalent.

[Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Example 1]
Garlic crushed material was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment conditions and steam explosion conditions for raw garlic were changed as shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the comparative example 1 is an example which steam-cracked raw garlic which is not heat-treated as it is. Further, in FIG. 2, as an example, it shows a graph used for calculation of Example 1, Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 of EC _50.

[Comparative Example 2]
Instead of obtaining a garlic crushed product by steam explosion treatment of the heat-treated garlic, a garlic crushed product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that crushed raw garlic was obtained using a miller to obtain a garlic crushed product. ,evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 3]
Instead of steam-cracking the heat-treated garlic to obtain crushed garlic, crushed steamed garlic obtained by steaming raw garlic for 60 minutes at 0.2 MPa (121 ° C) using an autoclave The garlic crushed material was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 4]
Instead of obtaining a garlic crushed product by steam explosion treatment of the heat-treated garlic, Example 1 and Example 1 were obtained except that the garlic crushed product was obtained by crushing black garlic that had been fully aged for 30 days using a miller. Similarly, garlic crushed material was obtained and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 1, the garlic crushed materials of Examples 1 to 3 and 6 to 9 that were steam-exploded with the strength factor S = 4.30 obtained by the method for producing garlic crushed materials according to the present invention have the same strength. It can be seen that the EC ₅₀ was low and the active oxygen scavenging ability was high as compared with the crushed raw garlic that was steam-exploded with a factor. It should be noted that Example 4 and Example 5 which were steam-explosed under conditions where the strength factor was slightly low were also sufficiently low in EC ₅₀ compared to the garlic crushed material produced without using steam explosion in Comparative Examples 2 to 4 described later. It was. On the other hand, as shown in Table 2, in the case of the garlic crushed material of Comparative Example 2 obtained by grinding raw garlic with a miller, the active oxygen scavenging ability was too low, and even a relative value of 50% was obtained. EC ₅₀ could not be measured. Moreover, in the case of the garlic crushed product of Comparative Example 3 obtained by pulverizing the steamed product treated with a saturated water vapor pressure of 0.2 MPa using an autoclave, EC ₅₀ is 4412 μg / mL, and a certain amount of active oxygen scavenging ability is obtained. However, a sufficiently high active oxygen scavenging ability could not be obtained even after treatment for as long as 60 minutes. In addition, in the case of the garlic crushed material of Comparative Example 4 obtained by pulverizing black garlic obtained through a long aging step with a miller, EC ₅₀ is 902.5 μg / mL, and some active oxygen It exhibited erasing ability.

  The garlic crushed product obtained by the method for producing a garlic crushed product of the present invention can be preferably used as a garlic material blended in garlic products such as garlic powder, garlic paste, garlic preparation, and garlic-containing health food.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steam generator 2 Pressure-resistant container 3 Heater 4 Steam introduction pipe 5 Product receiver 6 Coagulator 10 Steam explosion processing apparatus V1, V2 valve

Claims (5)

  A garlic crushed product obtained by steam explosion treatment of heat-treated garlic.   The garlic crushed product according to claim 1, wherein the heat-treated garlic is steamed garlic steamed with steam.   An active oxygen scavenger comprising the garlic crushed product according to claim 1 or 2 or an extract thereof. A process of producing heat-treated garlic by heat-treating raw garlic;
Pressurizing the heat-treated garlic with water vapor at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined processing time;
And a step of steam explosion of the garlic by instantaneously reducing the pressure of the pressurized heat-treated garlic. The method for producing a garlic crushed product according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is a treatment of steaming raw garlic with water vapor.

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