CN111657455A - Preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder - Google Patents

Preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111657455A
CN111657455A CN202010514467.3A CN202010514467A CN111657455A CN 111657455 A CN111657455 A CN 111657455A CN 202010514467 A CN202010514467 A CN 202010514467A CN 111657455 A CN111657455 A CN 111657455A
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selenium
broccoli
powder
rich
drying
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南占东
赵静
王成
邱亚龙
黄毅华
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Enshi Life Quality Selenium Industry Co ltd
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Enshi Life Quality Selenium Industry Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/01—Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/25—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
    • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
    • A23L5/32—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using phonon wave energy, e.g. sound or ultrasonic waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/51—Concentration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder, which comprises the steps of (1) preprocessing; step (2), drying; step (3), pulping; step (4), removing impurities; step (5), concentrating and freeze-drying; and (6) carrying out superfine grinding. The selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder prepared by the invention does not destroy trace elements represented by selenium, removes redundant impurities, can be added into beverages and foods, is wider in applicable population, and effectively solves the technical problem of inconvenient preparation in the prior art.

Description

Preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological extraction, and particularly relates to a preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder.
Background
Selenium is an indispensable nutrient and microelement for human bodies, has the effects of resisting oxidation, aging, cancer, tumor, radiation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like, and enjoys the reputation of 'fire of life'. According to investigation, in the dietary structure of urban residents in China, the daily intake of selenium for adults is in the range of 20-30 mu g, which is seriously lower than the average intake of 50 mu g specified by the national nutrition institute and the national standard, the number of people in sub-health state or sick state is as many as 9 hundred million, and the maximum recommended daily intake of selenium is as high as 200 mu g. Therefore, scientific selenium supplement is imperative.
In the Yangzhou river basin area of China such as the Enshi area of Hubei province, water and soil contain abundant selenium elements, and agricultural products planted by the Yangzhou river basin area contain high content of organic selenium, so that the Yangzhou river basin area becomes dining table food materials and ideal food for scientific selenium supplement of people. The broccoli is used as a vegetable with strong selenium gathering capability, the selenium content of the broccoli is as high as more than 200 mug/100 g (dry basis), and the broccoli is one of main sources of high-activity plant selenium raw materials. The selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder prepared from the fresh selenium-rich broccoli can maintain the biological activity and the nutritional ingredients of the selenium-rich broccoli, is more beneficial to digestion and absorption, can exert the advantages and the characteristics, and can greatly improve the value and the benefit of the selenium-rich broccoli when being added into products such as food, medicines or daily chemicals.
Application No.: 2014100238039, discloses a processing technique of agricultural product ultra-fine powder, which comprises the following steps: a10, placing the selected agricultural product raw materials on a dry and ventilated support plate for refrigeration and spreading; a20, feeding the refrigerated and spread raw materials into a high-pressure water drum type cleaning machine for cleaning; a30, sterilizing the materials by adopting the high temperature of about 120 ℃ generated by a far infrared electric heating tube of a sterilizer; a40, drying the materials by a coal-fired air heat exchanger hot air flow tunnel chain; a50, adopting a multifunctional ultrafine grinder to grind the dried raw materials to the fineness of 4000-8000 meshes.
In the disclosed technology, the technique of processing the fresh special agricultural products into superfine powder, namely the powder with high fineness (0.5-1 micron), can be directly used as a food additive. However, the components subjected to the micronization by the method mainly exist in the form of carbohydrate, the impurity content is relatively high, the proportion of the nutrient components is damaged when the superfine powder is used as an additive of other products, and the preparation method is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of inconvenience in preparation of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder comprises the following steps: step (1), pretreatment; step (2), drying; step (3), pulping; step (4), removing impurities; step (5), concentrating and freeze-drying; and (6) carrying out superfine grinding.
Further, the preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, selecting materials, and selecting broccoli planted in selenium-rich soil, wherein the content of selenium in the planting soil is not less than 8 PPm; if planting in successive years, adding 35Kg of organic selenium fertilizer every mu of land every year, removing roots and leaves after harvesting broccoli, cleaning stems and unrooted flowers, draining, and cutting into blocks with flower size of 3-8 cm;
(2) drying, namely performing water-removing on the blocky broccoli in the step (1) by adopting steam, wherein the steam temperature is 105-; then, drying the broccoli in a drying box at the drying temperature of 50-55 ℃, wherein the water content in the dried broccoli is 15-20 percent, and obtaining dry selenium-rich broccoli;
(3) pulping, namely putting dry selenium-rich broccoli into a crusher to be crushed into particles smaller than 20 meshes, adding 65-80% ethanol solution according to the proportion of 10-15ml/g, mixing, putting into a pulping machine, and grinding into mixed pulp smaller than 400 meshes;
heating the mixed slurry to 50-55 deg.C, performing ultrasonic extraction with ultrasonic frequency of 40-50kHz and power of 500w for 2-3 min, stirring at room temperature for 2-5 hr, concentrating under reduced pressure at vacuum degree of 0.5-1MPa at 20-30 deg.C until the volume is 1/2-1/3 or no alcohol smell, and recovering distilled ethanol to obtain concentrated slurry;
(4) removing impurities, adding distilled water with the mass fraction of 3-5 times into the concentrated slurry for dilution, then adding 0.5% of proteolytic enzyme in parts by mass, and then removing protein and coarse residues by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method; adding 1-2% of adsorbent by mass into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fiber, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 10-20 minutes, standing for 30 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at a rotation speed of 8000-10000 rpm, centrifuging for 3-5 minutes, and filtering;
(5) concentrating and freeze-drying, atomizing and concentrating the serous fluid after impurity removal to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume; then freeze-drying at the temperature of below 20 ℃ below zero and the vacuum degree of 800Pa until the water content is less than 3 percent to obtain the selenium-rich broccoli freeze-dried powder;
(6) micronizing, micronizing lyophilized powder of selenium broccoli into powder smaller than 1600 mesh by jet mill under pressure not less than 0.5 MPa.
The selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder prepared by the invention does not destroy trace elements represented by selenium, removes redundant impurities, can be added into foods such as nutritional meal replacement powder, beverages and health-care foods, is suitable for a wider range of people, and effectively solves the technical problem of inconvenient preparation in the prior art.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention in the description of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a method for preparing selenium-rich broccoli ultrafine powder, which comprises the following steps: step (1), pretreatment; step (2), drying; step (3), pulping; step (4), removing impurities; step (5), concentrating and freeze-drying; and (6) carrying out superfine grinding.
Embodiment 2, the preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli submicron powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, selecting materials, and selecting broccoli planted in selenium-rich soil, wherein the content of selenium in the planting soil is not less than 8 PPm; if planting in successive years, adding 35Kg of organic selenium fertilizer every mu of land every year, removing roots and leaves after harvesting broccoli, cleaning stems and unrooted flowers, draining, and cutting into blocks with flower size of 3-8 cm;
(2) drying, namely performing water-removing on the blocky broccoli in the step (1) by adopting steam, wherein the steam temperature is 105-; then, drying the broccoli in a drying box at the drying temperature of 50-55 ℃, wherein the water content in the dried broccoli is 15-20 percent, and obtaining dry selenium-rich broccoli;
(3) pulping, namely putting dry selenium-rich broccoli into a crusher to be crushed into particles smaller than 20 meshes, adding 65-80% ethanol solution according to the proportion of 10-15ml/g, mixing, putting into a pulping machine, and grinding into mixed pulp smaller than 400 meshes;
heating the mixed slurry to 50-55 deg.C, performing ultrasonic extraction with ultrasonic frequency of 40-50kHz and power of 500w for 2-3 min, stirring at room temperature for 2-5 hr, concentrating under reduced pressure at vacuum degree of 0.5-1MPa at 20-30 deg.C until the volume is 1/2-1/3 or no alcohol smell, and recovering distilled ethanol to obtain concentrated slurry;
(4) removing impurities, adding distilled water with the mass fraction of 3-5 times into the concentrated slurry for dilution, then adding 0.5% of proteolytic enzyme in parts by mass, and then removing protein and coarse residues by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method; adding 1-2% of adsorbent by mass into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fiber, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 10-20 minutes, standing for 30 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at a rotation speed of 8000-10000 rpm, centrifuging for 3-5 minutes, and filtering;
(5) concentrating and freeze-drying, atomizing and concentrating the serous fluid after impurity removal to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume; then freeze-drying at the temperature of below 20 ℃ below zero and the vacuum degree of 800Pa until the water content is less than 3 percent to obtain the selenium-rich broccoli freeze-dried powder;
(6) micronizing, micronizing lyophilized powder of selenium broccoli into powder smaller than 1600 mesh by jet mill under pressure not less than 0.5 MPa.
And (3) in the pulping in the step (3), grinding into mixed pulp of less than 400 meshes, and homogenizing under the homogenizing pressure of not more than 6 MPa.
The ethanol solution is added and ultrasonic wave assisted extraction is adopted, so that the flavone compounds of the broccoli can be extracted, a better wall breaking effect can be achieved, and the dissolution rate of nutrient components is improved.
In the impurity removal in the step (4), the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fibers, and the mass ratio of the activated carbon particle powder to the diatomite to the adsorption fibers is 2: 1:7.
When the activated carbon particle powder and the diatomite are combined, the ratio is 7:3, and when the diatomite and the adsorption fiber are combined, the ratio is 2: 3; when the active carbon particle powder and the adsorption fiber are combined, the ratio is 1: 5.
And filtering off the peculiar smell and part of the pigment in the liquid by using an adsorbent.
Further comprises the step (7) of packaging, the ultra-fine powder is subjected to ultrasonic sterilization, and then vacuum packaging is carried out by adopting a barrel or a bag.
Embodiment 3, the preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli ultrafine powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, selecting materials, and selecting broccoli planted in selenium-rich soil, wherein the content of selenium in the planting soil is not less than 8 PPm; if planting in successive years, adding 35Kg of organic selenium fertilizer every mu of land every year, removing roots and leaves after harvesting broccoli, cleaning stems and unrooted flowers, draining, and cutting into blocks with flower size of 3-8 cm;
(2) drying, namely performing water-removing on the blocky broccoli in the step (1) by adopting steam, wherein the steam temperature is 105-; freeze-drying broccoli at-35 deg.C below, vacuum degree no less than 500Pa for 6-12 hr, or water content of 15-20%, taking out, and microwave thawing;
(3) pulping, namely putting dry selenium-rich broccoli into a crusher to be crushed into particles smaller than 20 meshes, adding a methanol solution with the concentration of 45-60% by mass according to the proportion of 15-20ml/g, mixing the materials, putting the mixture into a pulping machine, and grinding the mixture into mixed pulp smaller than 400 meshes;
heating the mixed slurry to 30-45 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40-50kHz, the power is 500-600w, extracting for 3-5 minutes, then stirring for 2-5 hours under the condition of normal temperature, then carrying out reduced pressure concentration under the vacuum degree of 200-600Pa, controlling the temperature to 20-30 ℃, concentrating until the original volume is 1/3-1/5 or no alcohol smell, and recovering the distilled methanol to obtain concentrated slurry;
(4) removing impurities, adding distilled water with the mass fraction of 3-5 times into the concentrated slurry for dilution, then adding 0.5% of proteolytic enzyme in parts by mass, and then removing protein and coarse residues by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method; adding 1-2% of adsorbent by mass into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fiber, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 10-20 minutes, standing for 30 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at a rotation speed of 8000-10000 rpm, centrifuging for 3-5 minutes, and filtering;
(5) concentrating and freeze-drying, atomizing and concentrating the serous fluid after impurity removal to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume; then freeze-drying at the temperature of below 20 ℃ below zero and the vacuum degree of 800Pa until the water content is less than 3 percent to obtain the selenium-rich broccoli freeze-dried powder;
(6) micronizing, micronizing lyophilized powder of selenium broccoli into powder smaller than 1600 mesh by jet mill under pressure not less than 0.5 MPa.
In the impurity removal process, after removing protein and coarse slag bodies by centrifugal separation, adding an alkaline solution, adjusting the pH value to 10-11, performing freeze thawing at the temperature of-15 ℃, then performing centrifugal filtration to remove alkaline protein, and then adding an acidic solvent for neutralization.
Embodiment 4, the preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating, selecting materials, selecting broccoli planted in selenium-rich soil, harvesting the broccoli, removing roots and leaves, cleaning stems and unrooted flowers, draining, cutting into blocks with the flower size of 3-8cm, and storing in an ice warehouse at the temperature below-18 ℃;
(2) drying, namely taking out the blocky broccoli in the step (1), then performing microwave thawing, and then performing water removal by adopting steam at the steam temperature of 105 ℃ and 110 ℃ for 30-45 seconds; drying broccoli by microwave vacuum drying at 65-75 deg.C under vacuum degree of not less than 300Pa, under microwave intensity of 15W/g for 1.5 hr, or with water content of 15-20%;
(3) pulping, namely putting dry selenium-rich broccoli into a crusher to be crushed into particles smaller than 20 meshes, adding a methanol solution with the concentration of 45-60% by mass according to the proportion of 15-20ml/g, mixing the materials, putting the mixture into a pulping machine, and grinding the mixture into mixed pulp smaller than 400 meshes;
heating the mixed slurry to 30-45 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40-50kHz, the power is 500-600w, extracting for 3-5 minutes, then stirring for 2-5 hours under the condition of normal temperature, then carrying out reduced pressure concentration under the vacuum degree of 200-600Pa, controlling the temperature to 20-30 ℃, concentrating until the original volume is 1/3-1/5 or no alcohol smell, and recovering the distilled methanol to obtain concentrated slurry;
(4) removing impurities, adding distilled water with the mass fraction of 3-5 times into the concentrated slurry for dilution, then adding 0.5% of proteolytic enzyme in parts by mass, and then removing protein and coarse residues by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method; adding 1-2% of adsorbent by mass into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fiber, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 10-20 minutes, standing for 30 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at a rotation speed of 8000-10000 rpm, centrifuging for 3-5 minutes, and filtering;
(5) concentrating and freeze-drying, atomizing and concentrating the serous fluid after impurity removal to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume; then freeze-drying at the temperature of below 20 ℃ below zero and the vacuum degree of 800Pa until the water content is less than 3 percent to obtain the selenium-rich broccoli freeze-dried powder;
(6) micronizing, namely micronizing the selenium broccoli freeze-dried powder into powder with a particle size of less than 1600 meshes by using a jet mill under the crushing pressure of not less than 0.5 MPa;
(7) packaging, ultrasonic sterilizing the superfine powder, and vacuum packaging with barrel or bag.
According to the method, selenium-rich broccoli is selected as a raw material, and a protein structure, a fiber structure and the like in the broccoli are removed through pulping and impurity removal, so that elements such as vitamin C, selenium, potassium, folic acid, vitamin A, magnesium, pantothenic acid, iron, phosphorus and the like in the broccoli are reserved.
Through determination, selenium element in the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder mainly exists in the forms of selenium polysaccharide, selenium polypeptide and selenium flavone.
Example 5, the present application compares with the prior art, wherein the control group adopts 100g of the ultra-fine powder prepared by three steps of drying, crushing and ultra-fine grinding, and the present application adopts 100g of the ultra-fine powder prepared in example 2, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Order of item Quality of fresh broccoli Selenide content Carbohydrate compound Protein
Experimental group 4150g 6.2mg 19.5g 6.3g
Control group 1520g 2.3mg 50.3g 24g
As can be seen from the table, the superfine powder obtained by direct pulverization in the prior art contains a large amount of carbohydrate and protein, and has great influence on the nutrient composition table when being used as a food additive; the application consumes more fresh broccoli, but the selenium content is higher, if the control group is prepared by using 4150g of broccoli, 273g of ultrafine powder can be obtained, 6.3mg of selenide can be obtained, and compared with 6.2mg of the preparation, the loss of selenide in the preparation is very small.
The content of part of the components in 100g of the ultrafine powder in example 1 is determined by the application and is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Order of item Total Flavonoids Protein Mono-and disaccharide sugar Polypeptides
Selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder 15.9g 6.3g 15g 9.4g
As can be seen from the table, the superfine powder of the application exists in the forms of monosaccharide, disaccharide, polypeptide and flavone, and can promote the absorption of selenium and other trace elements by human bodies.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder comprises the following steps: step (1), pretreatment; step (2), drying; step (3), pulping; step (4), removing impurities; step (5), concentrating and freeze-drying; and (6) carrying out superfine grinding.
2. The preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating, selecting materials, and selecting broccoli planted in selenium-rich soil, wherein the content of selenium in the planting soil is not less than 8 PPm; if planting in successive years, adding 35Kg of organic selenium fertilizer every mu of land every year, removing roots and leaves after harvesting broccoli, cleaning stems and unrooted flowers, draining, and cutting into blocks with flower size of 3-8 cm;
(2) drying, namely performing water-removing on the blocky broccoli in the step (1) by adopting steam, wherein the steam temperature is 105-; then, drying the broccoli in a drying box at the drying temperature of 50-55 ℃, wherein the water content in the dried broccoli is 15-20 percent, and obtaining dry selenium-rich broccoli;
(3) pulping, namely putting dry selenium-rich broccoli into a crusher to be crushed into particles smaller than 20 meshes, adding 65-80% ethanol solution according to the proportion of 10-15ml/g, mixing, putting into a pulping machine, and grinding into mixed pulp smaller than 400 meshes;
heating the mixed slurry to 50-55 deg.C, performing ultrasonic extraction with ultrasonic frequency of 40-50kHz and power of 500w for 2-3 min, stirring at room temperature for 2-5 hr, concentrating under reduced pressure at vacuum degree of 0.5-1MPa at 20-30 deg.C until the volume is 1/2-1/3 or no alcohol smell, and recovering distilled ethanol to obtain concentrated slurry;
(4) removing impurities, adding distilled water with the mass fraction of 3-5 times into the concentrated slurry for dilution, then adding 0.5% of proteolytic enzyme in parts by mass, and then removing protein and coarse residues by centrifugal separation by adopting a sevage method; adding 1-2% of adsorbent by mass into the solution, wherein the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fiber, adding the adsorbent into the solution, stirring for 10-20 minutes, standing for 30 minutes, performing centrifugal filtration at a rotation speed of 8000-10000 rpm, centrifuging for 3-5 minutes, and filtering;
(5) concentrating and freeze-drying, atomizing and concentrating the serous fluid after impurity removal to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume; then freeze-drying at the temperature of below 20 ℃ below zero and the vacuum degree of 800Pa until the water content is less than 3 percent to obtain the selenium-rich broccoli freeze-dried powder;
(6) micronizing, micronizing lyophilized powder of selenium broccoli into powder smaller than 1600 mesh by jet mill under pressure not less than 0.5 MPa.
3. The method for preparing the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the pulping in the step (3), the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder is homogenized after being ground into mixed slurry with the size smaller than 400 meshes, and the homogenizing pressure is not higher than 6 MPa.
4. The preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the impurity removal in the step (4), the adsorbent comprises any combination of activated carbon particle powder, diatomite and adsorption fibers, and the mass ratio of the activated carbon particle powder to the diatomite to the adsorption fibers is 2: 1:7.
5. The preparation method of the selenium-rich broccoli ultrafine powder as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method further comprises the step (7) of packaging, wherein the ultrafine powder is subjected to ultrasonic sterilization and then vacuum packaging by using a barrel or a bag.
6. The application of the selenium-rich broccoli submicron powder as claimed in claim 2.
CN202010514467.3A 2020-06-08 2020-06-08 Preparation method of selenium-rich broccoli superfine powder Pending CN111657455A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200915