JP5089179B2 - Cutting / grinding method with ultra-trace oil supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a very small amount of oil supply type cutting / grinding method using a very small amount of oil supply type cutting and grinding fluid.

  As a novel processing method, a very small amount of oil supply type cutting / grinding method has been proposed (Patent Document 1), but this method is 1 / 10000-1 compared to the amount of oil used in normal cutting / grinding. For cutting and grinding while supplying an extremely small amount of oil agent of about 1000000 to a workpiece together with a compressed fluid (for example, compressed air), to obtain a cooling effect by compressed air, and to use an extremely small amount of oil agent The amount of waste can be reduced, and therefore the environmental impact associated with the large discharge of waste can also be improved. There are several methods for removing generated chips in this ultra-trace oil supply type cutting / grinding method, such as free fall, air blow, suction, liquid removal, etc., but existing equipment can be used. The liquid removal method is generally employed because of its high cleaning efficiency. In addition, it is known that an oil containing an ester is suitable as an oil used in the above-described ultra-trace oil supply type cutting / grinding method (Patent Documents 2 and 3).

However, when a water-soluble cleaning liquid or cutting liquid is used as the chip removing liquid, it contains water, so that rust is easily generated on the workpiece such as iron, and the cleaning liquid is easily spoiled. In order to avoid these problems, a method is generally employed in which a basic compound such as alkanolamine is blended in a stock solution of a water-soluble cleaning liquid or a cutting liquid to maintain the cleaning liquid at a high pH. However, removal of aluminum and aluminum alloy chips with such a high pH cleaning solution not only causes discoloration of the aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces, but also significantly deteriorates the commercial value, and also causes stickiness and chip aggregation.・ It becomes stuck and the chips cannot be washed away efficiently. In addition, the water-soluble cleaning liquid removes even the oil on the sliding part of the machine tool, resulting in poor sliding or poor separability from the processing oil. Many problems were pointed out.
International Publication No. 2002/083823 Pamphlet Japanese Patent No. 3860711 Patent No. 3860712

  The present invention uses a water-soluble chip-flowing oil whose pH is increased with a basic compound as in the prior art for chip removal in a method of cutting and grinding a workpiece by a very small amount of oil supply method. Even if not, sufficient chip cleaning performance is ensured, rust and discoloration of the workpiece, decay of the cleaning liquid, aggregation and sticking of chips, poor lubrication of the sliding part of the machine tool, and environmental protection The object is to provide a method that does not cause adverse effects.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have developed an oil composition comprising a specific ester as a base oil and a surfactant in a specific amount, and a cutting / grinding process for supplying a trace amount of oil. And the present invention was completed by finding that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by a method of using the oil-diluted solution of the oil composition as an oil agent for removing chips.
That is, the present invention relates to a method for cutting / grinding a workpiece by an extremely small amount of oil supply method, wherein 50% by mass or more of an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a monobasic acid, a monohydric alcohol, based on the total amount of the oil composition An oil composition comprising an ester of polybasic acid or a natural oil and fat and containing a surfactant for cutting / grinding with a trace amount of oil supply, and a water dilution of the oil composition The present invention relates to a cutting / grinding method for supplying an extremely small amount of oil, characterized by being used as a flowing oil.
Further, the present invention is used in a method of cutting / grinding and chipping a workpiece by an extremely small amount of oil supply type , and 50% by mass or more of polyhydric alcohol based on the total amount of the oil composition, The present invention relates to an oil composition for cutting and grinding used for cutting and grinding, which contains an ester with a monobasic acid, an ester of a monohydric alcohol with a polybasic acid, or a natural fat and oil and a surfactant.

According to the present invention, an oil composition comprising a specific ester as a base oil and a surfactant in the above-mentioned specific amount is used for ultra-trace oil supply-type cutting / grinding, and a water-diluted solution of the oil composition Is also used for chip removal, it has excellent chip cleaning properties, rust and discoloration of workpieces, decay of cleaning liquid, aggregation and fixation of chips, poor lubrication of sliding parts of machine tools, It is possible to cut and grind workpieces by supplying a trace amount of oil without causing adverse effects on the environment. In the present invention, even if an extremely small amount of oil supply-type cutting / grinding oil composition is mixed in the chip-flowing oil composition, the composition is the same. It can be used as a washing liquid for sinking, and the amount of waste can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the environmental impact caused by the large amount of waste can be improved.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, an oil composition comprising an ester as a base oil and containing a surfactant is used in a cutting / grinding process for supplying an extremely small amount of oil, and a water-diluted liquid of the oil composition is used to remove chips. It is characterized by cutting and grinding a workpiece by a very small amount of oil supply system.
The very small amount of oil supply type cutting / grinding process used in the present invention is an extremely small amount of oil of about 1 / 100,000 to 1/1000000 compared to the amount of oil used in normal cutting / grinding process. ) And cutting and grinding while supplying to the workpiece. In this method, the cooling effect by the compressed fluid can be obtained, and the amount of waste can be reduced because a very small amount of oil is used. Therefore, the influence on the environment due to the large discharge of waste can also be improved. Therefore, this method has come to be expected as a method for processing not only non-ferrous metals but also ferrous metals and other metals.

  In the method of the present invention, an oil composition for cutting / grinding and supplying a very small amount of oil is used for cutting / grinding using an extremely small amount of oil, and the composition of the undiluted solution for chipping is unified. As a result, there is no problem even if a trace amount of oil supply type cutting / grinding oil is mixed in the chip washing cleaning liquid. Just mix the water into the chip washing cleaning liquid and adjust the concentration. It is not waste and can be reused. If the composition of the oil for cutting / grinding is different from the composition of the oil for cutting / grinding as in the past, for example, the oil for cutting / grinding is mixed with the cleaning liquid for chipping. In addition to the fact that the pH is lowered and the cleaning liquid is likely to be spoiled, it becomes impossible to reuse it, and the environmental impact due to the large discharge of waste is increased.

  The oil composition for cutting / grinding and chipping fluids of the present invention is used for cutting and grinding, and when used for cutting / grinding, the stock solution is usually used as it is as a chipping fluid. Is diluted with water 1.5 to 200 times by volume, preferably 1.7 to 150 times by volume, more preferably 2.0 to 100 times by volume. If the amount of dilution water with respect to the stock solution is less than 1.5 volume times, it will not be possible to wash away the chips efficiently. If it exceeds 200 volumes, rust will be generated on the workpiece such as iron, and lubrication of the machine tool lubrication part Failure to do so may cause problems with cleaning liquid rot. As the dilution water to be used, tap water, industrial water, ion exchange water, distilled water, or the like can be used, regardless of whether it is hard water or soft water.

The oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting chip grinding of the present invention uses an ester as a base oil. Esters may be natural products (usually those contained in natural fats and oils such as animals and plants) or synthetic products. In the present invention, a synthetic ester is preferable from the viewpoint of the stability of the obtained oil agent and the uniformity of the ester component.
The alcohol constituting the ester may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, and the acid constituting the ester oil may be a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid.

As the monohydric alcohol, those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms are usually used. Such alcohols may be linear or branched, It may be saturated or unsaturated.
Specific examples of the alcohol having 1 to 24 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, linear or branched propanol, linear or branched butanol, and linear or branched pentanol. , Linear or branched hexanol, linear or branched heptanol, linear or branched octanol, linear or branched nonanol, linear or branched decanol , Linear or branched undecanol, linear or branched dodecanol, linear or branched tridecanol, linear or branched tetradecanol, linear or branched Pentadecanol, linear or branched hexadecanol, linear or branched heptadecanol, linear or branched octadecanol, linear or branched nonade Nols, linear or branched icosanols, linear or branched heicosanols, linear or branched tricosanols, linear or branched tetracosanols, and mixtures thereof It is done.

  As the polyhydric alcohol, those having 2 to 10 valences, preferably 2 to 6 valences are usually used. Specific examples of the divalent to 10-valent polyhydric alcohol include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (3 to 15 mer of ethylene glycol), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol (3 to 3 of propylene glycol). 15-mer), 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1, Dihydric alcohols such as 3-propanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentylglycol; glycerin, polyglycerin (glycerin 2 ~ Octamer, eg diglycerin, trig Serine, tetraglycerin, etc.), trimethylol alkanes (trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, etc.) and their 2-to 8-mer, pentaerythritol and their 2-to 4-mer, 1,2,4- Butanetriol, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol, etc. Polyhydric alcohols; sugars such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, and mixtures thereof And the like.

  Among these polyhydric alcohols, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (ethylene glycol 3-10 mer), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (propylene glycol 3-10 mer), 1,3- Propanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, trimethylolalkane (trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylol Methylol butane and the like, and dimers and tetramers thereof, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetrio Le, 1,2,3,4 butane tetrol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, divalent to hexavalent polyhydric alcohols, and mixtures thereof, such as mannitol and the like are preferable. Even more preferred are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Among these, neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, and a mixture thereof are most preferable because higher thermal / oxidative stability can be obtained.

  As described above, the alcohol constituting the ester according to the present invention may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, but it has a low pour point as well as a point where better lubricity can be achieved. Polyhydric alcohols are preferred from the standpoints of being easier to obtain and easier handling in winter and cold regions. Further, when an ester of polyhydric alcohol is used, in the cutting / grinding process, the accuracy of the finished surface of the workpiece is improved and the effect of preventing wear of the tool edge is further increased.

  Among the acids constituting the ester according to the present invention, as the monobasic acid, a fatty acid having 2 to 24 carbon atoms is usually used, and the fatty acid may be linear or branched, and saturated. Or unsaturated. Specifically, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, linear or branched butanoic acid, linear or branched pentanoic acid, linear or branched hexanoic acid, linear or branched Linear heptanoic acid, linear or branched octanoic acid, linear or branched nonanoic acid, linear or branched decanoic acid, linear or branched undecanoic acid, direct Linear or branched dodecanoic acid, linear or branched tridecanoic acid, linear or branched tetradecanoic acid, linear or branched pentadecanoic acid, linear or branched Hexadecanoic acid, linear or branched heptadecanoic acid, linear or branched octadecanoic acid, linear or branched hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, linear or branched nonadecanoic acid, straight Chain or branched icosanoic acid, linear or branched Saturated fatty acids such as henicosanoic acid, linear or branched docosanoic acid, linear or branched tricosanoic acid, linear or branched tetracosanoic acid, acrylic acid, linear or branched Butenoic acid, linear or branched pentenoic acid, linear or branched hexenoic acid, linear or branched heptenoic acid, linear or branched octenoic acid, linear Linear or branched nonenoic acid, linear or branched decenoic acid, linear or branched undecenoic acid, linear or branched dodecenoic acid, linear or branched Tridecenoic acid, linear or branched tetradecenoic acid, linear or branched pentadecenoic acid, linear or branched hexadecenoic acid, linear or branched heptadecenoic acid, linear Or branched octadecenoic acid, linear or branched Loxyoctadecenoic acid, linear or branched nonadecenoic acid, linear or branched icosenoic acid, linear or branched heicosenoic acid, linear or branched docosenoic acid, straight Examples thereof include chain or branched tricosenoic acid, linear or branched tetracosenoic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. Among these, from the point that lubricity and handleability are further improved, saturated fatty acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, unsaturated fatty acids having 3 to 22 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof are particularly preferable, and saturated fatty acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. The unsaturated fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and a mixture thereof are more preferable, the unsaturated fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferable, and the saturated fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferable from the viewpoint of stickiness prevention.

  Examples of the polybasic acid include dibasic acids having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and trimellitic acid. The dibasic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, and may be saturated or unsaturated. Specifically, for example, ethanedioic acid, propanedioic acid, linear or branched butanedioic acid, linear or branched pentanedioic acid, linear or branched hexanedioic acid, Linear or branched heptanedioic acid, linear or branched octanedioic acid, linear or branched nonanedioic acid, linear or branched decanedioic acid, linear Linear or branched undecanedioic acid, linear or branched dodecanedioic acid, linear or branched tridecanedioic acid, linear or branched tetradecanedioic acid, linear or Branched heptadecanedioic acid, linear or branched hexadecanedioic acid, linear or branched hexenedioic acid, linear or branched heptenedioic acid, linear or branched Octenedioic acid, linear or branched nonene diacid, linear or branched decenedioic acid, linear Or branched undecenedioic acid, linear or branched dodecenedioic acid, linear or branched tridecenedioic acid, linear or branched tetradecenedioic acid, linear or branched Examples thereof include branched heptadecene diacid, linear or branched hexadecene diacid, and mixtures thereof.

  In the present invention, the acid constituting the ester may be a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid as described above. However, when a monobasic acid is used, the viscosity index is improved and the anti-sticking property is improved. It is preferable because a contributing ester is easily obtained.

A combination of an alcohol and an acid that form an ester is arbitrary and is not particularly limited. Examples of the ester that can be used in the present invention include the following esters.
(A) ester of monohydric alcohol and monobasic acid (b) ester of polyhydric alcohol and monobasic acid (c) ester of monohydric alcohol and polybasic acid (d) polyhydric alcohol and polybasic acid Ester (e) monohydric alcohol, mixture of polyhydric alcohol and polybasic acid (f) mixed ester of polyhydric alcohol with monobasic acid, polybasic acid (g) monohydric alcohol A mixed ester of a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol and a monobasic acid or polybasic acid.

  Among these, superior lubricity can be obtained in cutting and grinding, improvement of the finished surface accuracy of the work piece and greater wear prevention effect of the tool edge, easier to obtain low pour point, viscosity index From the viewpoints of being easy to obtain a high product, improving handling properties in winter and cold regions, and being excellent in mist properties, (b) an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a monobasic acid is preferable.

  In addition, as the natural product-derived ester used in the present invention, palm oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and oleic acid in fatty acids constituting glycerides by breeding or genetic recombination operations, etc. Examples include natural oils and fats such as vegetable oils such as high oleic rapeseed oil and high oleic sunflower oil, and animal oils such as lard.

Among these natural product-derived esters, high-oleic natural fats and oils with an increased content of oleic acid are preferred from the viewpoint of the stability of the lubricating oil. Triesters of fatty acids and glycerin (hereinafter simply referred to as “triesters”) It is particularly preferable that 40 to 98% by mass of the fatty acid is oleic acid. By using such triesters, both lubricity and thermal / oxidative stability can be achieved at a high level in a well-balanced manner. Further, the content of oleic acid in the fatty acid constituting the triester is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably, from the viewpoint that both lubricity and thermal / oxidative stability can be achieved at a high level in a balanced manner. It is 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and from the same point, it is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less.
In addition, the ratio of oleic acid in the fatty acid (hereinafter referred to as “constituent fatty acid”) constituting the triester and the ratio of linoleic acid and the like described below are the standard fat analysis method 2.4 established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society. .2 Measured in accordance with “Fatty Acid Composition”.

  Further, among the constituent fatty acids of the triester, fatty acids other than oleic acid are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair lubricity and thermal / oxidative stability, but are preferably fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. The fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms may be a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid having 1 to 5 unsaturated bonds. In addition, the fatty acid may be linear or branched. Furthermore, you may have 1-3 hydroxyl groups (-OH) other than a carboxyl group (-COOH) in a molecule | numerator. Specific examples of such fatty acids include caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, lauroleic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitolein. Examples include acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, ricanoic acid, arachidonic acid, and carbadoic acid. Among these fatty acids, linoleic acid is preferable in terms of both lubricity and thermal / oxidative stability, and is preferably 1 to 60% by mass (more preferably 2 to 50% by mass, still more preferably) of the fatty acid constituting the triester. 4 to 40% by mass) is more preferably linoleic acid.

  Furthermore, in said triester, 0.1-30 mass% (more preferably 0.5-20 mass% in a constituent fatty acid) in the point of coexistence of lubricity and heat | fever and oxidation stability, More preferably 1 to 10% by mass) is preferably a fatty acid having 6 to 16 carbon atoms. When the proportion of the fatty acid having 6 to 16 carbon atoms is less than 0.1% by mass, the heat / oxidation stability tends to decrease, and when it exceeds 30% by mass, the lubricity tends to decrease.

  The total unsaturation degree of the triester is preferably 0.3 or less, and more preferably 0.2 or less. When the total degree of unsaturation of the triester is greater than 0.3, the thermal / oxidative stability of the oil of the present invention tends to deteriorate. The total unsaturation referred to in the present invention is the same apparatus and operation method as in JIS K 1557-1970 “Polyurethane polyether test method” except that a triester is used instead of the polyurethane polyether. The total degree of unsaturation measured.

  As the triester according to the present invention, as long as the ratio of oleic acid in the constituent fatty acid satisfies the above conditions, one obtained by synthesis may be used, or a vegetable oil containing the triester, etc. Although natural oil may be used, it is preferable to use natural oil such as vegetable oil from the viewpoint of safety to the human body. As such vegetable oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil and canola oil are preferable, among which sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil are particularly preferable.

  Here, many of the natural vegetable oils have a total unsaturation level exceeding 0.3, but the total unsaturation level can be reduced by treatment such as hydrogenation in the refining process. In addition, vegetable oils having a low total unsaturation can be easily produced by gene recombination techniques. For example, high oleic acid soybean oil, high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic acid canola oil, etc. having a total unsaturation of 0.3 or less and oleic acid being 70% by mass or more, An oleic rapeseed oil etc. can be illustrated.

  In the present invention, the ester obtained when a polyhydric alcohol is used as the alcohol component may be a complete ester in which all the hydroxyl groups in the polyhydric alcohol are esterified. A partial ester may be used. The organic acid ester obtained when a polybasic acid is used as the acid component may be a complete ester in which all the carboxyl groups in the polybasic acid are esterified, or a part of the carboxyl groups is not esterified and carboxylated. It may be a partial ester remaining as a group.

The iodine value of the ester according to the present invention is preferably 0 to 80, more preferably 0 to 60, still more preferably 0 to 40, still more preferably 0 to 20, and most preferably 0 to 10. Further, bromine number of the ester according to the present invention is preferably 0~50gBr ₂ / 100g, more preferably 0~30gBr ₂ / 100g, more preferably 0~20gBr ₂ / 100g, most preferably 0~10gBr ₂ / 100g It is. If the iodine value and bromine value of the ester are within the above ranges, the resulting oil agent tends to be more anti-sticky. The iodine value referred to here is a value measured by an indicator titration method according to JIS K 0070 “Method for measuring acid value, saponification value, ester value, iodine value, hydroxyl value and non-saponification value of a chemical product”. Say. The bromine number is a value measured by JIS K 2605 “Chemical product—Bromine number test method—Electro titration method”.

  Further, in order to impart further lubricating performance to the oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting / grinding according to the present invention, the hydroxyl value of the ester is 0.01 to 300 mgKOH / g, The saponification value is preferably 100 to 500 mgKOH / g. In the present invention, the upper limit of the hydroxyl value of the ester for obtaining higher lubricity is more preferably 200 mgKOH / g, most preferably 150 mgKOH / g, while the lower limit is more preferably 0.1 mgKOH. / G, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH / g, even more preferably 1 mgKOH / g, even more preferably 3 mgKOH / g, and most preferably 5 mgKOH / g. Further, the upper limit of the saponification value of the ester is more preferably 400 mgKOH / g, while the lower limit thereof is more preferably 200 mgKOH / g. The hydroxyl value referred to here is a value measured by an indicator titration method according to JIS K 0070 “Method for measuring acid value, saponification value, ester value, iodine value, hydroxyl value and non-saponification value of a chemical product”. Say. The saponification value is a value measured by an indicator titration method of JIS K 2503 “Aeronautical Lubricating Oil Test Method”.

No particular limitation is imposed on the kinematic viscosity of such ester to the present invention, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., preferably not more than 200 mm ² / s, more preferably not more than 100 mm ² / s, more preferably 75 mm ² / s or less, particularly preferably 50 m ² / s or less. The kinematic viscosity of the ester is preferably 1 mm ² / s or more, more preferably 3 mm ² / s or more, and further preferably 5 mm ² / s or more.

  The pour point and viscosity index of the ester according to the present invention are not particularly limited, but the pour point is preferably −10 ° C. or lower, more preferably −20 ° C. or lower. The viscosity index is desirably 100 or more and 200 or less.

  The oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting chip grinding according to the present invention may be composed only of the ester (that is, the ester content is 100% by mass), and if necessary. In addition, other base oils and additives may be blended. However, from the viewpoint of biodegradability that the oil component is more easily decomposed by microorganisms such as bacteria and the surrounding environment is maintained, the ester content is 10% by mass or more based on the total amount of the composition. It is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and most preferably 50% by mass or more.

The oil composition of the present invention contains the above ester, but other base oils known in the art for lubricating oils can be used to such an extent that the performance is not significantly reduced.
The base oil other than the ester that can be contained in the oil agent composition of the present invention may be either mineral oil or synthetic oil, or a mixture of two or more of these.

  Mineral oil includes, for example, a lubricating oil fraction obtained by subjecting paraffin-based crude oil or mixed-base crude oil to atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation, or wax (slack wax, etc.) and / or gas obtained by a lubricating oil dewaxing process. Synthetic waxes (Fischer-Tropsch wax, GTL wax, etc.) obtained by the Tri-Liquid (GTL) process, etc. are used as raw materials. Solvent removal, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrogen Examples thereof include paraffinic mineral oil, naphthenic mineral oil, normal paraffinic base oil, and isoparaffinic base oil that are refined by appropriately combining purification treatments such as chemical purification, sulfuric acid washing, and clay treatment.

Specific examples of synthetic oils include polyolefins such as propylene oligomers, polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, α-olefin oligomers having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and co-oligomers of ethylene and α-olefins having 5 to 20 carbon atoms. Alternatively, hydrides thereof; alkylbenzenes such as monoalkylbenzene, dialkylbenzene, and polyalkylbenzene; alkylnaphthalenes such as monoalkylnaphthalene, dialkylnaphthalene, and polyalkylnaphthalene, polyoxyalkylene glycol, and polyphenyl ether. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
The blending amount in the case of using these base oils is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, and 50% by mass or less based on the total amount of the composition. More preferably.

  The lubricating oil composition for cutting / grinding and chipping according to the present invention contains one or more surfactants. Examples of the surfactant include anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants.

  Anionic surfactants include fatty acid salts, petroleum sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate esters, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, alkyl phosphates, polyoxy Examples include alkylene alkyl or alkyl allyl sulfate esters, naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensates, sulfated oils (such as funnel oil), and the like.

  As the nonionic surfactant, those having HLB of 2 to 10, preferably 5 to 10 can be used. Those having an HLB of less than 2 have poor water solubilization ability and cannot form a stable solubilization system. On the other hand, those having an HLB exceeding 10 are not preferable because they have poor solubility in base oils and have problems in stability during storage. Specifically, for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl naphthyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene abiethyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl thioether, polyoxyethylene alkylamide , Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol ethylenediamine, polyoxyethylene mono-fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene di-fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-fatty acid Esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan difatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trifatty acid esters Polyoxyethylene-based nonionic surfactants such as tellurium, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkylamine; ethylene glycol monofatty acid ester, propylene glycol monofatty acid ester, glycerin monofatty acid ester, pentaerythritol monofatty acid ester, sorbitan Polyhydric alcohol nonionic surfactants such as monofatty acid esters, sorbitan sesquifatty acid esters, sorbitan difatty acid esters, sorbitan trifatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters; alkylolamides such as fatty acid monoethanolamides and fatty acid diethanolamides Nonionic surfactants; and mixtures thereof. The polyoxyethylene part of the nonionic surfactant contains not only ethylene oxide but also other alkylene oxides having 3 to 4 carbon atoms such as propylene oxide and butylene oxide, preferably 2 mol or less with respect to 10 mol of ethylene oxide. Includes those added randomly or in blocks at a ratio of 1 mol or less.

  Among these, from the point that a stable water-solubilizing system can be obtained, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene mono fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono Polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants such as fatty acid esters; ethylene glycol monofatty acid ester, propylene glycol monofatty acid ester, glycerin monofatty acid ester, pentaerythritol monofatty acid ester, sorbitan monofatty acid ester, sorbitan sesquifatty acid ester, sorbitan Polyhydric alcohol nonionic surfactants such as difatty acid esters and sorbitan trifatty acid esters; and mixtures thereof are preferably used More specific examples of these nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene myristyl ether, polyoxyethylene palmityl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene monostearate, polyoxyethylene monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, ethylene glycol monolaur Rate, ethylene glycol monomyristate, ethylene glycol monopalmitate, ethylene glycol monostearate, ethylene glycol Nooleate, propylene glycol monolaurate, propylene glycol monomyristate, propylene glycol monopalmitate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monooleate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monomyristate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol mono Stearate, glycerin monooleate, pentaerythritol monolaurate, pentaerythritol monomyristate, pentaerythritol monopalmitate, pentaerythritol monostearate, pentaerythritol monooleate, pentaerythritol dioleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan Monomyristate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate , Sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquilaurate, sorbitan sesquimyristate, sorbitan sesquipalmitate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dilaurate, sorbitan dimyristate, sorbitan dipalmitate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan And dioleate, sorbitan trilaurate, sorbitan trimyristate, sorbitan tripalmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan trioleate, and mixtures thereof.

  Particularly preferred are polyoxyethylene monooleates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers, polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene-based, pentamers represented by mixtures thereof. It is a polyhydric alcohol-based nonionic surfactant represented by erythritol dioleate and sorbitan monooleate.

  Examples of the cationic surfactant include alkylamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, alkylbetaines, and amine oxides.

  Among these, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of particularly excellent dilution stability, and nonionic surfactants alone are more preferable, and among these, polyoxysiloxane is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of excellent lubricity. Most preferred are polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters such as ethylene monooleate and polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters such as pentaerythritol dioleate.

  In the present invention, the content of the surfactant is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and further preferably 20% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the composition. If the content does not reach 10% by mass, it may be difficult to solubilize a large amount of water in the system. The upper limit of the content of the surfactant is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass or less, and when the content exceeds 40% by mass, This is not preferable because the solubility in the base oil component becomes poor and there may be a problem in stability during storage.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the oil agent composition for cutting / grinding and cutting / grinding according to the present invention contains one or more basic compounds from the viewpoint of preventing the cleaning liquid from being spoiled. Examples of the basic compound include alkanolamines such as triethanolamine, amides thereof, alkali metal soaps such as potassium carboxylic acid salts, or mixtures thereof.

  The content of the basic compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition, from the viewpoint of preventing the corrosion of the cleaning liquid and the corrosion of the steel. As mentioned above, More preferably, it is 0.5 mass% or more. From the viewpoint of compatibility with aluminum and aluminum alloy, the content of the basic compound is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition. is there.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting chip grinding of the present invention contains an oily agent from the viewpoint of further improving the processing efficiency and tool life. As the oily agent, (B-1) alcohol, (B-2) carboxylic acid, (B-3) sulfide of unsaturated carboxylic acid, (B-4) a compound represented by the following general formula (1), (B-5) compounds represented by the following general formula (2), (B-6) polyoxyalkylene compounds, (B-7) hydrocarbyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, (B-8) amines, and the like. it can.

［式（１）中、Ｒ^１は炭素数１〜３０の炭化水素基を表し、ａは１〜６の整数を表し、ｂは０〜５の整数を表す。］

[In Formula (1), ^{R 1} represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a represents an integer of 1 to 6, b is an integer of 0-5. ]

［式（２）中、Ｒ^２は炭素数１〜３０の炭化水素基を表し、ｃは１〜６の整数を表し、ｄは０〜５の整数を表す。］

[In formula (2), ^{R 2} represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, c is an integer of 1 to 6, d is an integer of 0-5. ]

  (B-1) The alcohol may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol. In view of higher processing efficiency and tool life, monohydric alcohols having 1 to 40 carbon atoms are preferable, alcohols having 1 to 25 carbon atoms are more preferable, and alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms are most preferable. . Specifically, the example of the alcohol which comprises the ester of the said base oil can be given. These alcohols may be linear or branched, and may be saturated or unsaturated, but are preferably saturated from the viewpoint of anti-stickiness.

  (B-2) The carboxylic acid may be a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid. A monovalent carboxylic acid having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is preferable, a carboxylic acid having 5 to 25 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a carbon number having 5 to 20 carbon atoms is most preferable because higher processing efficiency and tool life can be obtained. Carboxylic acid. Specifically, the example of the carboxylic acid which comprises the ester as said base oil can be given. These carboxylic acids may be linear or branched and may be saturated or unsaturated, but are preferably saturated carboxylic acids from the viewpoint of stickiness prevention.

  (B-3) Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid sulfide include oleic acid sulfide.

(B-4) In the compound represented by the general formula (1), examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ¹ include, for example, a linear or branched group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkyl cycloalkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and 7 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include ˜30 alkaryl groups and C 7-30 aralkyl groups. In these, it is preferable that it is a C1-C30 linear or branched alkyl group, More preferably, it is a C1-C20 linear or branched alkyl group, More preferably, it is C1-C1. 10 linear or branched alkyl groups, and most preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a linear or branched propyl group, and a linear or branched butyl group.

  The substitution position of the hydroxyl group is arbitrary, but when it has two or more hydroxyl groups, it is preferably substituted with an adjacent carbon atom. a is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 2. b is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2. Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include p-tert-butylcatechol.

(B-5) In the compound represented by the general formula (2), examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ² are represented by R ¹ in the general formula (1). The same thing as the example of a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group made can be mentioned, and the example of a preferable thing is also the same. The substitution position of the hydroxyl group is arbitrary, but when it has two or more hydroxyl groups, it is preferably substituted with an adjacent carbon atom. c is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 2. d is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2. Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include 2,2-dihydroxynaphthalene and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene.

  Examples of the (B-6) polyoxyalkylene compound include compounds represented by the following general formula (3) or (4).

_{^{R 3 O- (R 4 O)}} e -R 5 (3)
[In Formula (3), R ³ and R ⁵ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ represents an alkylene group having 2 to ⁴ carbon atoms, and e represents a number average molecular weight. Represents an integer such that 100 is 3500. ]

^{A - [(R 6 O)} f -R 7] g (4)
Wherein (3), A is hydroxyl represents 2.1-3.5 removing some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol having 3 to 10, R ⁶ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms R ⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, f represents an integer having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 3500, and g represents the number of hydrogen atoms removed from the hydroxyl group of A. Represents the same number. ]

In the general formula (3), at least one of R ³ and R ⁵ is preferably a hydrogen atom. Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ³ and R ⁵ are the same as those of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ¹ in the general formula (1). Examples of preferred ones are also the same. Specific examples of the alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R ⁴ include an ethylene group, a propylene group (methylethylene group), and a butylene group (ethylethylene group). e is preferably an integer such that the number average molecular weight is 300 to 2,000, and more preferably an integer such that the number average molecular weight is 500 to 1,500.

  Moreover, in the said General formula (4), as a specific example of the polyhydric alcohol which has 3-10 hydroxyl groups which comprise A, glycerin, polyglycerin (2-tetramer of glycerin, for example, diglycerin, triglycerin) , Tetraglycerin), trimethylol alkanes (trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane) and their 2-tetramers, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,3, 5-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol, idylitol, taritol, dulcitol, allitol Many Alcohol; it xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, Mantosu, be mentioned Isomantosu, trehalose, and a saccharide such as sucrose. Among these, glycerin, polyglycerin, trimethylolalkane, and dimer to tetramer thereof, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, or sorbitan are preferable.

Examples of the alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R ⁶ may be the same as the examples of the alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R ⁴ in the general formula (3) . As examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ⁷ are given the same as examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ¹ in the general formula (1) Examples of preferred ones are the same. At least one of g R ⁷ is preferably a hydrogen atom, more preferably all hydrogen atoms. f is preferably an integer such that the number average molecular weight is 300 to 2,000, more preferably an integer such that the number average molecular weight is 500 to 1,500.

  (B-7) As an example of the polyhydric alcohol which comprises the hydrocarbyl ether of a polyhydric alcohol, the same thing as the polyhydric alcohol illustrated in the description as a base oil can be mentioned, About a more preferable example as base oil. The same thing as the polyhydric alcohol illustrated in description of (2) can be mentioned. Furthermore, as the polyhydric alcohol, glycerin is most preferable because it can prevent welding and increase in processing resistance and achieve excellent processing efficiency and tool life.

  (B-7) As the hydrocarbyl ether of the polyhydric alcohol, one obtained by converting a part or all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol into a hydrocarbyl ether can be used. A point that can achieve excellent machining efficiency and tool life by preventing welding and increase in machining resistance Polyhydric alcohol from the point that it can achieve excellent machining efficiency and tool life by preventing welding and increase in machining resistance Those obtained by hydrocarbyl etherifying a part of the hydroxyl groups of (a partially etherified product) are preferred. The hydrocarbyl group here means an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkylcycloalkyl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms. Represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms such as an aryl group having 10 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkaryl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms.

  Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, linear or branched pentyl Group, linear or branched hexyl group, linear or branched heptyl group, linear or branched octyl group, linear or branched nonyl group, linear or branched decyl group, linear or Branched undecyl group, linear or branched dodecyl group, linear or branched tridecyl group, linear or branched tetradecyl group, linear or branched pentadecyl group, linear or branched hexadecyl group , Linear or branched heptadecyl group, linear or branched octadecyl group, linear or branched nonadecyl group, linear or branched icosyl group, linear or branched heicosyl group, linear or Branch docosyl group, a linear or branched tricosyl group, tetracosyl group of straight or branched may be mentioned.

  Examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms include a vinyl group, a linear or branched propenyl group, a linear or branched butenyl group, a linear or branched pentenyl group, and a linear or branched hexenyl group. , Linear or branched heptenyl group, linear or branched octenyl group, linear or branched nonenyl group, linear or branched decenyl group, linear or branched undecenyl group, linear or branched A branched dodecenyl group, a linear or branched tridecenyl group, a linear or branched tetradecenyl group, a linear or branched pentadecenyl group, a linear or branched hexadecenyl group, a linear or branched heptadecenyl group, Linear or branched octadecenyl group, linear or branched nonadecenyl group, linear or branched icocenyl group, linear or branched henicosenyl group, linear or branched dococenyl group Group, straight or branched tricosenyl group, tetracosenyl group of straight or branched may be mentioned.

  Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. Examples of the alkylcycloalkyl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms include methylcyclopentyl group, dimethylcyclopentyl group (including all structural isomers), methylethylcyclopentyl group (including all structural isomers), and diethylcyclopentyl group ( Including all structural isomers), methylcyclohexyl group, dimethylcyclohexyl group (including all structural isomers), methylethylcyclohexyl group (including all structural isomers), diethylcyclohexyl group (all structures) Isomers), methylcycloheptyl group, dimethylcycloheptyl group (including all structural isomers), methylethylcycloheptyl group (including all structural isomers), diethylcycloheptyl group (all Including structural isomers).

  Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. The alkaryl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms includes a tolyl group (including all structural isomers), a xylyl group (including all structural isomers), and an ethylphenyl group (including all structural isomers). ), Linear or branched propylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched butylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched pentylphenyl Groups (including all structural isomers), linear or branched hexylphenyl groups (including all structural isomers), linear or branched heptylphenyl groups (including all structural isomers). ), Linear or branched octylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched nonylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched decylphenyl Group (including all structural isomers). , Straight or branched undecylphenyl (including all structural isomers.) (Including all structural isomers.) Linear or branched dodecylphenyl group and the like.

  Examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms include benzyl group, phenylethyl group, phenylpropyl group (including propyl group isomers), phenylbutyl group (including butyl group isomers), and phenylpentyl group (pentyl). Group isomers), phenylhexyl groups (including hexyl isomers), and the like.

  Among these, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a carbon number having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of preventing welding and increase in processing resistance and achieving excellent machining efficiency and tool life. A linear or branched alkenyl group is preferable, and a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an oleyl group (residue obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from oleyl alcohol) is more preferable.

  (B-8) Monoamine is preferably used as the amine. The carbon number of the monoamine is preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 12 to 24. The carbon number here means the total number of carbon atoms contained in the monoamine. When the monoamine has two or more hydrocarbon groups, it represents the total number of carbon atoms.

  As the monoamine used in the present invention, any of a primary monoamine, a secondary monoamine and a tertiary monoamine can be used. A primary monoamine is preferable from the viewpoint that the lifetime can be achieved.

  As the hydrocarbon group bonded to the nitrogen atom of the monoamine, any of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, an aralkyl group, and the like can be used. An alkyl group or an alkenyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing an increase in machining resistance and achieving excellent machining efficiency and tool life. The alkyl group and alkenyl group may be linear or branched, but can prevent welding and increase in processing resistance and improve processing efficiency and tool life. Therefore, a straight chain is preferable.

  Preferable monoamines used in the present invention include, for example, hexylamine (including all isomers), heptylamine (including all isomers), and octylamine (including all isomers). , Nonylamine (including all isomers), decylamine (including all isomers), undecylamine (including all isomers), dodecylamine (including all isomers), tridecylamine (all Including isomers), tetradecylamine (including all isomers), pentadecylamine (including all isomers), hexadecylamine (including all isomers), heptadecylamine (all isomers) ), Octadecylamine (including all isomers), nonadecylamine (including all isomers), icosylamine (including all isomers), hen Cosylamine (including all isomers), docosylamine (including all isomers), tricosylamine (including all isomers), tetracosylamine (including all isomers), octadecenylamine (all (Including isomers) (including oleylamine and the like) and mixtures of two or more thereof. Among these, a primary monoamine having 12 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable, and a primary monoamine having 14 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable because it can prevent welding and increase in processing resistance to achieve excellent processing efficiency and tool life. Monoamines are more preferable, and primary monoamines having 16 to 18 carbon atoms are more preferable.

  In this invention, only 1 type chosen from the said oil-based agent (B-1)-(B-8) may be used, and 2 or more types of mixtures may be used. Among these, 1 selected from (B-2) a carboxylic acid oil agent and (B-8) an amine oil agent from the viewpoint of preventing welding and increase in processing resistance and achieving excellent processing efficiency and tool life. It is preferably a seed or a mixture of two or more.

  The content of the oily agent is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.01% by mass or more based on the total amount of the composition from the viewpoint of preventing welding and increase in processing resistance and achieving excellent processing efficiency and tool life. More preferably, it is 0.05 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more. From the viewpoint of stability, the content of the oily agent is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition.

  In addition, the oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting chip grinding according to the present invention is capable of achieving excellent machining efficiency and tool life by preventing welding and increase in machining resistance. It is preferable to further contain an agent. In particular, when an extreme pressure agent is used in combination with the above-described oil-based agent, these synergistic actions can prevent welding and increase in processing resistance and achieve further excellent processing efficiency and tool life.

  Examples of the extreme pressure agent include (C-1) sulfur compounds and (C-2) phosphorus compounds described later.

  (C-1) The sulfur compound is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the properties of the oil composition, but dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, sulfide ester, sulfide mineral oil, zinc dithiophosphate, zinc dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiophosphate and Molybdenum dithiocarbamate is preferably used.

The dihydrocarbyl polysulfide is a sulfur compound generally called polysulfide or sulfurized olefin, and specifically means a compound represented by the following general formula (5).
_{^{R 8 -S h -R 9 (5}} )
[In Formula (5), R ⁸ and R ⁹ may be the same or different, and each has a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a carbon number. It represents a 7-20 alkaryl group or a C7-20 aralkyl group, and h represents an integer of 2-6, preferably 2-5. ]

As R ⁸ and R ⁹ in the general formula (5), specifically, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, straight chain or Branched pentyl group, linear or branched hexyl group, linear or branched heptyl group, linear or branched octyl group, linear or branched nonyl group, linear or branched decyl group, linear or branched Undecyl group, linear or branched dodecyl group, linear or branched tridecyl group, linear or branched tetradecyl group, linear or branched pentadecyl group, linear or branched hexadecyl group, linear or branched heptadecyl group A linear or branched alkyl group such as a linear or branched octadecyl group, a linear or branched nonadecyl group, a linear or branched icosyl group; an aryl such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group A tolyl group (including all structural isomers), an ethylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), a linear or branched propylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), a linear or branched butyl Phenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched pentylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched hexylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear Or branched heptylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), straight chain or branched octylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), straight chain or branched nonylphenyl group (including all structural isomers) ), Linear or branched decylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched undecylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched dodecylphenyl group (all Structural isomerism ), Xylyl group (including all structural isomers), ethylmethylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), diethylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), di (linear or branched) Branch) propylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), di (straight or branched) butylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), methylnaphthyl group (including all structural isomers), ethyl Naphthyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched propyl naphthyl group (including all structural isomers), linear or branched butyl naphthyl group (including all structural isomers), dimethylnaphthyl Group (including all structural isomers), ethylmethylnaphthyl group (including all structural isomers), diethylnaphthyl group (including all structural isomers), di (straight or branched) propylnaphthyl group (including all Alkaryl groups such as di (straight or branched) butyl naphthyl group (including all structural isomers); benzyl group, phenylethyl group (including all isomers), phenyl propylene An aralkyl group such as a ru group (including all isomers).

Among these, as R ⁸ and R ⁹ in the general formula (5), an alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms derived from propylene, 1-butene or isobutylene, an aryl group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, A reel group or an aralkyl group is preferable. Examples of these groups include isopropyl group, branched hexyl group derived from propylene dimer (including all branched isomers), and propylene trimer. Branched nonyl group derived from (including all branched isomers), branched dodecyl group derived from propylene tetramer (including all branched isomers), propylene pentamer Branched pentadecyl groups derived from (including all branched isomers), branched octadecyl groups derived from propylene hexamer (including all branched isomers), sec-butyl Group, tert-butyl group, branched octyl group derived from 1-butene dimer (including all branched isomers), branched octyl group derived from isobutylene dimer (all ), Branched dodecyl groups derived from 1-butene trimer (including all branched isomers), branched dodecyl groups derived from isobutylene trimer (Including all branched isomers), branched hexadecyl group derived from 1-butene tetramer (including all branched isomers), branched derived from isobutylene tetramer Alkyl groups such as hexadecyl group (including all branched isomers); phenyl group, tolyl group (including all structural isomers), ethylphenyl group (including all structural isomers), xylyl group (all An alkaryl group, including structural isomers of Examples include aralkyl groups such as a dil group and a phenylethyl group (including all isomers).

Further, R ⁸ and R ⁹ in the general formula (5) are separately derived from ethylene or propylene because they can prevent welding and increase in processing resistance to achieve excellent processing efficiency and tool life. The branched alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferable, and the branched alkyl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms derived from ethylene or propylene is particularly preferable.

  Specific examples of the sulfurized ester include animal and vegetable fats and oils such as beef tallow, pork tallow, fish fat, rapeseed oil and soybean oil; unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, fatty acids extracted from the above-mentioned animal and vegetable fats and the like, and the like. And an unsaturated fatty acid ester obtained by reacting various alcohols with each other; and a mixture thereof obtained by sulfiding by an arbitrary method.

  Sulfided mineral oil refers to one obtained by dissolving elemental sulfur in mineral oil. The mineral oil used in the sulfide mineral oil is not particularly limited. Specifically, a lubricating oil fraction obtained by subjecting crude oil to atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation is subjected to solvent removal, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent removal. Examples thereof include paraffinic mineral oil and naphthenic mineral oil that are refined by appropriately combining purification treatments such as wax, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, sulfuric acid washing, and clay treatment. In addition, as elemental sulfur, any form such as lump, powder, molten liquid, etc. may be used, but when powdered or molten liquid elemental sulfur is used, it is efficiently dissolved in the base oil. Is preferable. In addition, molten liquid elemental sulfur has the advantage that the melting operation can be performed in a very short time because the liquids are mixed together, but it must be handled above the melting point of elemental sulfur, heating equipment, etc. It is not always easy to handle because it requires special equipment and is handled in a high temperature atmosphere. On the other hand, powdery simple sulfur is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle, and the time required for dissolution is sufficiently short. Moreover, although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the sulfur content in the sulfide mineral oil concerning this invention, Preferably it is 0.05-1.0 mass% normally on the basis of the sulfide mineral oil whole quantity, More preferably, it is 0.1-0. 5% by mass.

  The zinc dithiophosphate compound, the zinc dithiocarbamate compound, the molybdenum dithiophosphate and the molybdenum dithiocarbamate mean compounds represented by the following general formulas (6) to (9), respectively.

[In the formulas (6) to (9), R ¹⁰ , R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ¹⁸ , R ¹⁹ , R ²⁰ , R ²¹ , R ²² , R ²³ , R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and X ¹ and X ² each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom]

Here, R ¹⁰ , R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ¹⁸ , R ¹⁹ , R ²⁰ , R ²¹ , R ²² , R ²³ , R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by: methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group (including all branched isomers), butyl group (including all branched isomers), pentyl group (including Including all branched isomers), hexyl group (including all branched isomers), heptyl group (including all branched isomers), octyl group (including all branched isomers), nonyl Groups (including all branched isomers), decyl groups (including all branched isomer pairs), undecyl groups (including all branched isomer pairs), dodecyl groups (including all branched isomer pairs) , Tridecyl group (including all branched isomer pairs), tetradec Group (including all branched isomer pairs), pentadecyl group (including all branched isomer pairs), hexadecyl group (including all branched isomer pairs), heptadecyl group (including all branched isomer pairs) ), Octadecyl group (including all branched isomer pairs), nonadecyl group (including all branched isomer pairs), icosyl group (including all branched isomer pairs), heicosyl group (including all branched isomer pairs) Alkyl groups such as docosyl groups (including all branched isomer pairs), tricosyl groups (including all branched isomer pairs), tetracosyl groups (including all branched isomer pairs); cyclopentyl groups, Cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl group and cycloheptyl group; methylcyclopentyl group (including all substituted isomers), ethylcyclopentyl group (including all substituted isomers), dimethyl Cyclopentyl group (including all substituted isomers), propylcyclopentyl group (including all branched and substituted isomers), methylethylcyclopentyl group (including all substituted isomers), trimethylcyclopentyl group (all Substituted isomers), butylcyclopentyl group (all branched isomers, including substituted isomers), methylpropylcyclopentyl group (including all branched isomers, substituted isomers), diethylcyclopentyl group (all Substituted isomers), dimethylethylcyclopentyl group (including all substituted isomers), methylcyclohexyl group (including all substituted isomers), ethylcyclohexyl group (including all substituted isomers), dimethylcyclohexyl group (Including all substituted isomers), propylcyclohexyl groups (all Branched isomers, including substituted isomers, methylethylcyclohexyl group (including all substituted isomers), trimethylcyclohexyl group (including all substituted isomers), butylcyclohexyl group (all branched isomers) , Including substituted isomers), methylpropylcyclohexyl group (including all branched isomers, including substituted isomers), diethylcyclohexyl group (including all substituted isomers), dimethylethylcyclohexyl group (including all substituted isomers) ), Methylcycloheptyl group (including all substituted isomers), ethylcycloheptyl group (including all substituted isomers), dimethylcycloheptyl group (including all substituted isomers), propylcycloheptyl group (Including all branched isomers and substituted isomers), methylethylcycloheptyl group (all substituted isomers) ), Trimethylcycloheptyl group (including all substituted isomers), butylcycloheptyl group (including all branched and substituted isomers), methylpropylcycloheptyl group (all branched isomers) Alkyl cycloalkyl groups such as diethylcycloheptyl group (including all substituted isomers), dimethylethylcycloheptyl group (including all substituted isomers); phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, etc. Aryl group; tolyl group (including all substituted isomers), xylyl group (including all substituted isomers), ethylphenyl group (including all substituted isomers), propylphenyl group (all branched isomers) , Including substituted isomers), methylethylphenyl group (including all substituted isomers), trimethylphenyl group (all substituted isomers) ), Butylphenyl group (including all branched and substituted isomers), methylpropylphenyl group (including all branched and substituted isomers), and diethylphenyl group (including all substituted isomers) Dimethylethylphenyl group (including all substituted isomers), pentylphenyl group (including all branched isomers, including substituted isomers), hexylphenyl group (including all branched isomers, substituted isomers) ), Heptylphenyl group (including all branched isomers, substituted isomers), octylphenyl group (including all branched isomers, substituted isomers), nonylphenyl group (all branched isomers, Substituted isomers), decylphenyl group (including all branched isomers, including substituted isomers), undecylphenyl group (including all branched isomers, including substituted isomers), dodecylpheny Group (including all branched isomers and substituted isomers), tridecylphenyl group (including all branched isomers and substituted isomers), tetradecylphenyl group (all branched isomers and substituted isomers) ), Pentadecylphenyl group (including all branched and substituted isomers), hexadecylphenyl group (including all branched and substituted isomers), heptadecylphenyl group (all Alkaryl groups such as branched isomers and substituted isomers, octadecylphenyl groups (including all branched isomers and substituted isomers); benzyl groups, phenethyl groups, phenylpropyl groups (all branched isomers) And aralkyl groups such as phenylbutyl group (including all branched isomers).

  In the present invention, among the above sulfur compounds, when at least one selected from the group consisting of dihydrocarbyl polysulfide and sulfurized ester is used, it is possible to prevent welding and increase in processing resistance, and to achieve a higher level of processing efficiency and tool life. Can be achieved.

  Specific examples of the (C-2) phosphorus compound include phosphoric acid ester, acidic phosphoric acid ester, amine salt of acidic phosphoric acid ester, chlorinated phosphoric acid ester, phosphorous acid ester and phosphorothioate. And metal salts of phosphorus compounds represented by the following general formula (10) or (11). Examples of these phosphorus compounds include esters of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or thiophosphoric acid and alkanols, polyether type alcohols, or derivatives thereof.

［式（１０）中、Ｘ^３、Ｘ^４およびＸ^５は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し、Ｘ^３、Ｘ^４またはＸ^５の少なくとも２つは酸素原子であり、Ｒ^２６、Ｒ^２７、およびＲ^２８は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ水素原子または炭素数１〜３０の炭化水素基を表す］

[In Formula (10), X ³ , X ⁴ and X ⁵ may be the same or different and each represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least two of X ³ , X ⁴ or X ⁵ are oxygen atoms; , R ²⁶ , R ²⁷ , and R ²⁸ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms]

［式（１１）中、Ｘ^６、Ｘ^７、Ｘ^８およびＸ^９は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し、Ｘ^６、Ｘ^７、Ｘ^８またはＸ^９の少なくとも３つは酸素原子であり、Ｒ^２９、Ｒ^３０およびＲ^３１は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ水素原子または炭素数１〜３０の炭化水素基を表す。］

[In formula (11), X ⁶ , X ⁷ , X ⁸ and X ⁹ may be the same or different and each represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and at least 3 of X ⁶ , X ⁷ , X ⁸ or X ⁹ One is an oxygen atom, and R ²⁹ , R ³⁰ and R ³¹ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. ]

More specifically, the phosphate ester includes tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, triheptyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, trinonyl phosphate, tridecyl phosphate, triundecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate, tritridecyl Phosphate, tritetradecyl phosphate, tripentadecyl phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, triheptadecyl phosphate, trioctadecyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, xyl Renyl diphenyl phosphate and the like;
Examples of acidic phosphate esters include monobutyl acid phosphate, monopentyl acid phosphate, monohexyl acid phosphate, monoheptyl acid phosphate, monooctyl acid phosphate, monononyl acid phosphate, monodecyl acid phosphate, monoundecyl acid phosphate, monododecyl Acid phosphate, monotridecyl acid phosphate, monotetradecyl acid phosphate, monopentadecyl acid phosphate, monohexadecyl acid phosphate, monoheptadecyl acid phosphate, monooctadecyl acid phosphate, monooleyl acid phosphate, dibutyl acid phosphate, dipentyl acid , Dihexyl reed Dophosphate, diheptyl acid phosphate, dioctyl acid phosphate, dinonyl acid phosphate, didecyl acid phosphate, diundecyl acid phosphate, didodecyl acid phosphate, ditridecyl acid phosphate, ditetradecyl acid phosphate, dipentadecyl acid, dipentadecyl acid Hexadecyl acid phosphate, diheptadecyl acid phosphate, dioctadecyl acid phosphate, dioleyl acid phosphate, etc .;
Examples of the amine salt of acidic phosphate ester include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, Salts with amines such as dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine, etc .;
Examples of the chlorinated phosphate ester include tris-dichloropropyl phosphate, tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-chlorophenyl phosphate, polyoxyalkylene bis [di (chloroalkyl)] phosphate, and the like;
As phosphites, dibutyl phosphite, dipentyl phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, dinonyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, diundecyl phosphite, didodecyl phosphite, dioleyl Phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, dicresyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tripentyl phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, triheptyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, triundecyl phosphite Phyto, tridodecyl phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite etc .;
The phosphorothioates include tributyl phosphorothioate, tripentyl phosphorothioate, trihexyl phosphorothionate, triheptyl phosphorothionate, trioctyl phosphorothionate, trinonyl phosphorothionate, tridecyl Phosphorothioate, triundecyl phosphorothionate, tridodecyl phosphorothioate, tritridecyl phosphorothioate, tritetradecyl phosphorothioate, tripentadecyl phosphorothionate, trihexadecyl phosphorothionate , Triheptadecyl phosphorothioate, trioctadecyl phosphorothioate, trioleyl phosphorothioate, triphenyl phosphorothioate, tri Resyl phosphorothioate, trixylenyl phosphorothioate, cresyl diphenyl phosphorothioate, xylenyl diphenyl phosphorothioate, tris (n-propylphenyl) phosphorothionate, tris (isopropylphenyl) phos Phosphorothionate, tris (n-butylphenyl) phosphothionate, tris (isobutylphenyl) phosphothionate, tris (s-butylphenyl) phosphothionate, tris (t-butylphenyl) phosphothionate, etc. Is mentioned.

Moreover, regarding the metal salt of the phosphorus compound represented by the general formula (10) or (11), the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ^{26 to} R ³¹ in the formula is specifically Includes an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkaryl group, an aralkyl group, and the like.

  As the alkyl group, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, Examples thereof include alkyl groups such as a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, and an octadecyl group (these alkyl groups may be linear or branched).

As said cycloalkyl group, C5-C7 cycloalkyl groups, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, can be mentioned, for example.
Examples of the alkylcycloalkyl group include a methylcyclopentyl group, a dimethylcyclopentyl group, a methylethylcyclopentyl group, a diethylcyclopentyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a methylethylcyclohexyl group, a diethylcyclohexyl group, a methylcycloheptyl group, and a dimethyl group. Examples thereof include alkylcycloalkyl groups having 6 to 11 carbon atoms such as cycloheptyl group, methylethylcycloheptyl group, and diethylcycloheptyl group (the substitution position of the alkyl group to the cycloalkyl group is also arbitrary).

  Examples of the alkenyl group include butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl, An alkenyl group such as an octadecenyl group (these alkenyl groups may be linear or branched, and the position of the double bond is also optional).

As said aryl group, aryl groups, such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, can be mentioned, for example.
Examples of the alkaryl group include tolyl group, xylyl group, ethylphenyl group, propylphenyl group, butylphenyl group, pentylphenyl group, hexylphenyl group, heptylphenyl group, octylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group, decylphenyl group. And alkaryl groups having 7 to 18 carbon atoms such as undecylphenyl group and dodecylphenyl group (the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and the substitution position on the aryl group is also arbitrary).
Examples of the aralkyl group include aralkyl groups having 7 to 12 carbon atoms such as benzyl group, phenylethyl group, phenylpropyl group, phenylbutyl group, phenylpentyl group, and phenylhexyl group (these alkyl groups may be linear or branched). May be used).

The hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R ^{26 to} R ³¹ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 3 carbon atoms. An alkyl group having 18 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
R ²⁶ , R ²⁷ and R ²⁸ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or the above hydrocarbon group. Among R ²⁶ , R ²⁷ and R ²⁸ , 1 to 3 are the above hydrocarbon groups. It is preferable that 1 to 2 is the above hydrocarbon group, and more preferably 2 is the above hydrocarbon group.
R ²⁹ , R ³⁰ and R ³¹ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or the above hydrocarbon group. Among R ²⁹ , R ³⁰ and R ³¹ , 1 to 3 are the above hydrocarbons. It is preferably a group, 1 to 2 are more preferably the hydrocarbon group, and 2 are more preferably the hydrocarbon group.

In the general formula (10) phosphorus compounds represented by, at least two of X ³ to X ⁵ is required to be an oxygen atom, that all X ³ to X ⁵ is an oxygen atom preferable.
In the phosphorus compound represented by the general formula (11), at least three of X ^{6 to} X ⁹ are required to be oxygen atoms, but all of X ^{6 to} X ⁹ are oxygen atoms. It is preferable.

  Examples of the phosphorus compound represented by the general formula (10) include phosphorous acid and monothiophosphorous acid; phosphorous acid monoester having one hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and monothiophosphorous acid mono Ester; Phosphorous acid diester having two hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, monothiophosphorous acid diester; Phosphorous acid triester having three hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, monothiophosphorous acid Acid triesters; and mixtures thereof. Among these, phosphorous acid monoester and phosphorous acid diester are preferable, and phosphorous acid diester is more preferable.

  Examples of the phosphorus compound represented by the general formula (11) include phosphoric acid and monothiophosphoric acid; phosphoric acid monoester and monothiophosphoric acid monoester having one hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; And phosphoric acid diesters and monothiophosphoric acid diesters having two hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; phosphoric acid triesters and monothiophosphoric acid triesters having three hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof. It is done. Among these, phosphoric acid monoester and phosphoric acid diester are preferable, and phosphoric acid diester is more preferable.

  Examples of the metal salt of the phosphorus compound represented by the general formula (10) or (11) include a salt obtained by neutralizing part or all of the acidic hydrogen of the phosphorus compound with a metal base. Examples of such metal bases include metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal chlorides and the like. Specific examples of the metal include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, and calcium. And alkaline earth metals such as magnesium and barium, and heavy metals such as zinc, copper, iron, lead, nickel, silver, and manganese. Among these, alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium and zinc are preferable.

  The metal salt of the phosphorus compound has a different structure depending on the valence of the metal and the number of OH groups or SH groups of the phosphorus compound. Therefore, the structure is not limited at all. For example, 1 mol of zinc oxide and phosphoric acid diester ( When 2 mol of 1 OH group is reacted, it is considered that a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (12) is obtained as a main component, but it is also considered that polymerized molecules exist.

  In addition, for example, when 1 mol of zinc oxide and 1 mol of phosphoric acid monoester (two OH groups) are reacted, a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (13) is considered to be obtained as a main component. Polymerized molecules are also thought to exist.

  A mixture of two or more of these can also be used.

  In the present invention, among the above phosphorous compounds, phosphoric acid esters, acidic phosphoric acid esters, and acidic phosphoric acid esters can be obtained from the point that excellent machining efficiency and tool life can be achieved by preventing welding and increase in machining resistance. Amine salts are preferred.

  The oil agent composition of the present invention may contain only one of (C-1) a sulfur compound or (C-2) a phosphorus compound, or may contain both. From the viewpoint of preventing welding and increase in machining resistance and achieving excellent machining efficiency and tool life, (C-2) phosphorus compound, or (C-1) sulfur compound and (C-2) phosphorus compound It is preferable to contain both, and it is more preferable to contain both (C-1) sulfur compound and (C-2) phosphorus compound.

  Although the content of the extreme pressure agent is arbitrary, it is 0.005% by mass or more on the basis of the total amount of the composition because it can prevent welding and increase in processing resistance to achieve excellent processing efficiency and tool life. It is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more. From the viewpoint of preventing abnormal wear, the content of the extreme pressure agent is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 7% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition. Even more preferably.

  In the present invention, only one of the above-mentioned oily agent or extreme pressure agent may be used. However, from the viewpoint of preventing welding and increase in processing resistance and achieving excellent processing efficiency and tool life, It is preferable to use an extreme pressure agent in combination.

  In addition, in the oil composition for cutting / grinding and chipping flow of the present invention, it is possible to achieve excellent machining efficiency and tool life by preventing welding and increase in machining resistance. It is preferable to contain an acid salt. As the organic acid salt, sulfonate, phenate, salicylate, and a mixture thereof are preferably used. The positive components of these organic acid salts include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium and barium; ammonia and alkylamines having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (monomethylamine, dimethyl). Amines, trimethylamines, monoethylamines, diethylamines, triethylamines, monopropylamines, dipropylamines, tripropylamines, etc.), alkanolamines having an alkanol group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (monomethanolamine, dimethanolamine, trimethanolamine, Monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monopropanolamine, dipropanolamine, tripropanolamine etc.) such as amine, zinc, etc. But the alkali metal or alkaline earth metals are preferred, calcium is particularly preferred. When the positive component of the organic acid salt is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, higher lubricity tends to be obtained.

  As the sulfonate, one produced by any method can be used. For example, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, amine salts and mixtures of alkyl aromatic sulfonic acids obtained by sulfonating alkyl aromatic compounds having a molecular weight of 100 to 1500, preferably 200 to 700 are used. it can. As the alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid here, generally, a sulfonated alkyl aromatic compound of a lubricating oil fraction of mineral oil, a petroleum sulfonic acid such as so-called mahogany acid, which is by-produced during white oil production, and a detergent Alkylbenzene having a linear or branched alkyl group obtained by by-production from a raw material alkylbenzene production plant or by alkylating polyolefin to benzene, or alkylnaphthalene such as dinonylnaphthalene And synthetic sulfonic acids such as those obtained by sulphonation of sulphonate. In addition, the above alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid and an alkali metal base (such as an alkali metal oxide or hydroxide), an alkaline earth metal base (such as an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide), or the above-mentioned So-called neutral (normal salt) sulfonates obtained by reacting with amines (ammonia, alkylamines, alkanolamines, etc.); neutral (normal salt) sulfonates, excess alkali metal bases, alkaline earth metal bases Or a so-called basic sulfonate obtained by heating an amine in the presence of water; reacting a neutral (normal salt) sulfonate with an alkali metal base, an alkaline earth metal base or an amine in the presence of carbon dioxide. So called carbonate overbased (superbasic) sulfonates; neutral (normal salt) sulfonates React with potassium metal bases, alkaline earth metal bases or amines and boric acid compounds such as boric acid or boric anhydride, or carbonate overbased (superbasic) sulfonates with boric acid or boric anhydride And so-called borate overbased (superbasic) sulfonates produced by reacting a boric acid compound of the above; and mixtures thereof.

  Further, as the phenate, specifically, in the presence or absence of elemental sulfur, an alkylphenol having 1 to 2 alkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and an alkali metal base (alkali metal oxide or Hydroxides), alkaline earth metal bases (alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, etc.) or neutrals obtained by reacting with the amines mentioned above (ammonia, alkylamines, alkanolamines, etc.). Phenates; neutral phenates and excess alkali metal bases, alkaline earth metal bases or amines obtained by heating in the presence of water, so-called basic phenates; neutral phenates in the presence of carbon dioxide So-called carbonate overbasing, obtained by reacting with metal bases, alkaline earth metal bases or amines Superbasic) phenates; neutral phenates react with alkali metal bases, alkaline earth metal bases or amines and boric acid compounds such as boric acid or boric anhydride, or carbonate overbased (superbasic) And so-called borate overbased (superbasic) phenates produced by reacting phenates with boric acid compounds such as boric acid or boric anhydride; and mixtures thereof.

  Further, as the salicylate, specifically, an alkyl salicylic acid having 1 to 2 alkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and an alkali metal base (alkali metal oxide) in the presence or absence of elemental sulfur. And hydroxides), alkaline earth metal bases (alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides) or amines mentioned above (ammonia, alkylamines, alkanolamines, etc.) So-called basic salicylate obtained by heating neutral salicylate and excess alkali metal base, alkaline earth metal base or amine in the presence of water; neutral salicylate in the presence of carbon dioxide gas So-called carbonic acid obtained by reacting with an alkali metal base, an alkaline earth metal base or an amine Overbased (superbasic) salicylates; neutral salicylates react with alkali metal bases, alkaline earth metal bases or amines and boric acid compounds such as boric acid or boric anhydride, or carbonate overbased Examples include so-called borate overbased (superbasic) salicylates produced by reacting (superbasic) metal salicylates with boric acid compounds such as boric acid or anhydrous boric acid; and mixtures thereof.

  The base number of the organic acid salt is preferably 50 to 500 mgKOH / g, more preferably 100 to 450 mgKOH / g. When the base number of the organic acid salt is less than 100 mgKOH / g, the lubricity improving effect due to the addition of the organic acid salt tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, the organic acid salt having a base number exceeding 500 mgKOH / g is usually Each is not preferable because it is very difficult to manufacture and difficult to obtain. The base number referred to here is 7. JIS K 2501 “Petroleum products and lubricants—neutralization number test method”. The base number [mgKOH / g] by the perchloric acid method measured according to the above.

  The content of the organic acid salt is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 25% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 20% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition. is there. When the content of the organic acid salt is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving the machining efficiency and the tool life due to the prevention of the welding due to the addition and the increase of the machining resistance tends to be insufficient, If it exceeds 30% by mass, the stability of the oil composition tends to decrease and precipitates tend to be formed.

  In the present invention, the organic acid salt may be used alone, or the organic acid salt and other additives may be used in combination. From the viewpoint of preventing welding and increase in machining resistance and achieving excellent machining efficiency and tool life, it is preferable to use an organic acid salt in combination with the above extreme pressure agent, a sulfur compound, a phosphorus compound and an organic acid. It is particularly preferable to use a combination of three salts.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting chip grinding of the present invention further contains an antioxidant. By adding an antioxidant, it is possible to prevent stickiness due to alteration of the constituent components, and to improve thermal and oxidation stability.

  Examples of the antioxidant include phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, zinc dithiophosphate antioxidants, and those used as other food additives.

  As the phenolic antioxidant, any phenolic compound used as an antioxidant for lubricating oil can be used, and is not particularly limited. For example, the following general formula (14) and general formula (15) Preferred examples include one or more alkylphenol compounds selected from the compounds represented by formula (1).

［式（１４）中、Ｒ^３２は炭素数１〜４のアルキル基を示し、Ｒ^３３は水素原子または炭素数１〜４のアルキル基を示し、Ｒ^３４は水素原子、炭素数１〜４のアルキル基、下記一般式（ｉ）または（ｉｉ）：

[In the formula (14), R ³² represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ³³ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R ³⁴ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. An alkyl group, the following general formula (i) or (ii):

（一般式（ｉ）中、Ｒ^３５は炭素数１〜６のアルキレン基を示し、Ｒ^３６は炭素数１〜２４のアルキル基またはアルケニル基を示す。）

(In the general formula (i), R ³⁵ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R ³⁶ represents an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.)

（一般式（ｉｉ）中、Ｒ^３７は炭素数１〜６のアルキレン基を示し、Ｒ^３８は炭素数１〜４のアルキル基を示し、Ｒ^３９は水素原子または炭素数１〜４のアルキル基を示し、ｋは０または１を示す。）
で表される基を示す。］

(In general formula (ii), R ³⁷ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R ³⁸ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R ³⁹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And k represents 0 or 1.)
The group represented by these is shown. ]

［一般式（１５）中、Ｒ^４０およびＲ^４２は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ炭素数１〜４のアルキル基を示し、Ｒ^４１およびＲ^４３は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ水素原子または炭素数１〜４のアルキル基を示し、Ｒ^４４およびＲ^４５は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ炭素数１〜６のアルキレン基を示し、Ａは炭素数１〜１８のアルキレン基または下記の一般式（ｉｉｉ）で表される基を示す。
−Ｒ^４６−Ｓ−Ｒ^４７− （ｉｉｉ）
（一般式（ｉｉｉ）中、Ｒ^４６およびＲ^４７は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ炭素数１〜６のアルキレン基を示す。）］

[In General Formula (15), R ⁴⁰ and R ⁴² may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ⁴¹ and R ⁴³ may be the same or different; Represents an atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴⁴ and R ⁴⁵ may be the same or different, each represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or The group represented by the following general formula (iii) is shown.
-R ⁴⁶ -S-R ^47- (iii)
(In the general formula (iii), R ⁴⁶ and R ⁴⁷ may be the same or different and each represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.)]

  As the amine-based antioxidant used in the present invention, any amine-based compound used as an antioxidant for lubricating oil can be used, and is not particularly limited. For example, the following general formula ( 16) One or two selected from phenyl-α-naphthylamine or Np-alkylphenyl-α-naphthylamine represented by 16) and p, p′-dialkyldiphenylamine represented by the following general formula (17) More than one type of aromatic amine is preferred.

［式（１６）中、Ｒ^４８は水素原子またはアルキル基を示す。］

[In the formula (16), R ⁴⁸ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. ]

［式（１７）中、Ｒ^４９およびＲ^５０は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれアルキル基を示す。］

[In formula (17), R ⁴⁹ and R ⁵⁰ may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl group. ]

  Specific examples of amine-based antioxidants include 4-butyl-4'-octyldiphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, octylphenyl-α-naphthylamine, dodecylphenyl-α-naphthylamine, and mixtures thereof.

  Specific examples of the zinc dithiophosphate antioxidant used in the present invention include zinc dithiophosphate represented by the following general formula (18).

［式（１８）中、Ｒ^５１、Ｒ^５２、Ｒ^５３およびＲ^５４は同一でも異なっていてもよく、それぞれ炭化水素基を示す。］

[In formula (18), R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² , R ⁵³ and R ⁵⁴ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group. ]

  Further, an antioxidant used as a food additive can also be used, and partially overlaps with the above-described phenolic antioxidant. For example, for example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-thiobis (6-tert) -Butyl-o-cresol), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), fatty acid ester of ascorbic acid, tocopherol (vitamin E), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 2-tert-butyl-4- Hydroxyanisole, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (ethoxyquin), 2- (1 , 1-dimethyl) -1,4-benzenediol (TBHQ) and 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP).

  Among these antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, and antioxidants used as food additives are preferable. Furthermore, when importance is attached to biodegradability, what is used as the said food additive is more preferable, and among them, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), fatty acid ester of ascorbic acid, tocopherol (vitamin E), 2,6- Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (ethoxyquin), 2- (1,1-dimethyl) -1,4-benzenediol (TBHQ), or 2,4,5-tri Hydroxybutyrophenone (THBP) is preferred, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), fatty acid ester of ascorbic acid, tocophero More preferred is vitamin (vitamin E), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.

  The content of the antioxidant is not particularly limited, but in order to maintain good heat / oxidation stability, the content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more based on the total amount of the composition, more preferably 0.05. % By mass or more, most preferably 0.1% by mass or more. On the other hand, since the effect cannot be expected even if it is added more, the content is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and most preferably 3% by mass or less.

  Further, the oil composition for cutting / grinding and cutting chip grinding according to the present invention may contain conventionally known additives other than those described above. Examples of such additives include extreme pressure agents other than the above-described phosphorus compounds and sulfur compounds (including chlorine extreme pressure agents); wetting agents such as diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether; acrylic polymers, paraffin wax, microwax, slack wax Film forming agents such as polyolefin waxes; water displacement agents such as fatty acid amine salts; solid lubricants such as graphite, graphite fluoride, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, polyethylene powder; amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, Corrosion inhibitors such as sulfonates, phosphoric acid, phosphates, partial esters of polyhydric alcohols; metal deactivators such as benzotriazoles and thiadiazoles; antifoaming agents such as methyl silicones, fluorosilicones and polyacrylates; alkenyls Succinimide, benzylamine, polyalkenyl Ashless dispersants such as minaminoamide; Fats and oils such as beef tallow, lard, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil, nuka oil and hydrogenated products thereof; Rust prevention for aliphatic amides, aromatic carboxylic acids, etc. Agents; thiazole-based, isothiazole-based, phenol-based, halogen-based preservatives; and the like. The content when these known additives are used in combination is not particularly limited, but is added in such an amount that the total content of these known additives is 0.1 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. It is common.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated more concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example at all.

(Base oil)
A1: Triester of trimethylolpropane and oleic acid (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 46 mm ² / s)
A2: Triester of trimethylolpropane and n-C ₈ / n-C ₁₀ acid (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 20 mm ² / s)
A3: Diester of neopentyl glycol and oleic acid (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 24 mm ² / s)
A4: Diester of isodecyl alcohol and adipic acid (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 14 mm ² / s)
A5: Triester of glycerin, nC ₈ / nC ₁₀ acid and oleic acid (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 20 mm ² / s)
A6: High oleic rapeseed oil (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 39 mm ² / s; acid composition is oleic acid 64, linoleic acid 20, palmitic acid 5, stearic acid 2, other acids 9; total unsaturation 0.26)

(Additive)
Surfactant a: Polyoxyethylene monooleate surfactant b: Pentaerythritol dioleate oil c: Oleic acid basic compound d: Triethanolamine basic compound e: Mixture mainly composed of alkanolamide

(Comparative oil)
Comparative oil 1 (Comparative example 1): Commercially available cleaning solution (pH 10.3)
Comparative oil 2 (Comparative Example 2): Commercial solution type cutting fluid (pH 8.8)

<Evaluation test method>
(Lubricity)
A ball (SUJ-2) having a diameter of 10 mm is disposed on a disk having a diameter of 24 mm and a thickness of 6.9 mm, and a load of 800 N and a temperature of 120 are provided with a metalworking oil composition interposed at a contact portion between the disk and the ball. Under the condition of ° C., the ball is vibrated with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 1.5 mm. A break-in operation is performed for 2 minutes after the start of the micro-vibration, and then the friction coefficient is measured for 10 minutes to obtain an average friction coefficient.

(Corrosive)
1 g of cast iron chips is evenly distributed in a circle having a diameter of 36 mm on a filter paper placed in a petri dish, and a sample diluent is dropped using a syringe so that the entire cast iron chips are moistened. Then, after leaving it at room temperature for 24 hours without a petri dish lid, visually observe the degree of discoloration (rust transfer) in the circle on the filter paper after removing chips, and determine rust prevention properties according to the ratings in Table 1 To do.

(Compatibility test with aluminum material)
0.05 g of reagent aluminum powder was added to 40 g of the evaluation sample, stirred vigorously, and allowed to stand for one week to observe the dispersed state of aluminum powder and the appearance of aluminum powder.

  As shown in Table 2, compared to the case of using a conventional cleaning fluid or cutting fluid as a chip-flowing fluid, an ultra-trace amount of oil supply-type cutting / grinding process using an ester as a base oil and a surfactant is added. When the oil is used as a chip-flowing oil, it is excellent in lubricity and compatibility with the workpiece.

Claims (2)

A method of cutting and grinding a workpiece by very small amount oil-fed, esters of polyhydric alcohols and one ester le of the monobasic acid or the natural fats and base oils, and polyhydric alcohol and a monobasic acid Alternatively, an oil composition containing 50% by mass or more of natural fats and oils based on the total amount of the oil composition and containing one or more surfactants shown below is used for ultra-trace oil supply type cutting and grinding, and the oil agent An ultra-trace amount oil supply type cutting / grinding method characterized by using a water-diluted solution of the composition as a chipping fluid.
[Surfactant]
Cationic surfactants;
Anionic surfactants;
Polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants;
Alkylolamide-based nonionic surfactants;
Non-polyhydric alcohol selected from ethylene glycol monofatty acid ester, propylene glycol monofatty acid ester, pentaerythritol monofatty acid ester, sorbitan monofatty acid ester, sorbitan sesquifatty acid ester, sorbitan difatty acid ester, sorbitan trifatty acid ester and sucrose fatty acid ester Ionic surfactant Pole is characterized by using the method for cutting and grinding and chips flowing workpiece by trace oil-fed, polyhydric alcohols and ester le or surfactants shown in natural fats and below the monobasic acid the containing 1 or more, and polyhydric alcohol esters or natural oils comprising at least 50 mass% in the oil composition the total amount trace amount oil-fed cutting and grinding processing and chips with a monobasic acid Oil composition for a sink.
[Surfactant]
Cationic surfactants;
Anionic surfactants;
Polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants;
Alkylolamide-based nonionic surfactants;
Non-polyhydric alcohol selected from ethylene glycol monofatty acid ester, propylene glycol monofatty acid ester, pentaerythritol monofatty acid ester, sorbitan monofatty acid ester, sorbitan sesquifatty acid ester, sorbitan difatty acid ester, sorbitan trifatty acid ester and sucrose fatty acid ester Ionic surfactant