JP5086241B2 - パリレンメンブレンフィルターの使用 - Google Patents
パリレンメンブレンフィルターの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5086241B2 JP5086241B2 JP2008507986A JP2008507986A JP5086241B2 JP 5086241 B2 JP5086241 B2 JP 5086241B2 JP 2008507986 A JP2008507986 A JP 2008507986A JP 2008507986 A JP2008507986 A JP 2008507986A JP 5086241 B2 JP5086241 B2 JP 5086241B2
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- membrane filter
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- parylene
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Description
本発明は、流体中の粒子および細胞の機械的濾過に役立つポリマーメンブレンに関する。
本出願は、米国特許法第119条 (e)により、2005年4月21日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/673,571号について優先権を主張し;ならびに2006年4月20日出願の米国特許出願、出願番号未定、タイトル:MEMBRANE FILTER FOR CAPTURING CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS (代理人整理番号:020859-008610US);および2006年4月20日出願の米国特許出願、出願番号未定、タイトル:USES OF PARYLENE MEMBRANE FILTERS (代理人整理番号:020859-008620US)、について優先権を主張し、これらは参照により、その全体がすべての目的のために本明細書に組み入れられる。
機械的フィルターは、様々な流体媒質中の粒子および細胞を除去し、濾過し、収集し、濃縮し、および解析するために用いることができる。
第1の局面では、本発明は、パリレン基板を含む新規なメンブレンフィルターおよびパリレンメンブレンフィルターを収容するフィルター装置を提供する。有利なことに、このメンブレンフィルターおよび装置が、それらのサイズと形に応じて、粒子および細胞を捕獲または捕捉するための非常に効率的な手段を提供する。例えば、血液中の低濃度の循環腫瘍細胞(CTC)を、CTCの通過は妨げるが赤血球は通過させる、適切なサイズの孔を持つパリレンメンブレンフィルターに捕捉することができる。第2の局面では、本発明は、粒子および細胞を捕獲または単離するためにパリレンメンブレンフィルターおよびフィルター装置を用いる方法を提供する。
この明細書および添付した特許請求の範囲中で用いられる単数形には、他の明白な指示がない限り、複数形を指す場合も含まれることをここで指摘しておく。
を参照のこと。これらのすべては、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
R3〜R6は各々独立に、H、アルキル、アリール、ハロゲン、ヘテロアルキル、ヒドロキシル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、アロイルアミノ、カルバモイルアミノ、アリールオキシ、アシル、チオ、アルキルチオ、シアノ、アルコキシである。アルキル基は、29までの炭素原子を有する置換アルキルであってよい。置換アルキルは、いずれの場合も29までの炭素原子を有するモノ-またはポリ不飽和アルケニルまたはアルキニルラジカル、すなわち置換C1〜C29アルキル、C2〜C29アルケニル、またはC2〜C29アルキニルラジカルであり得る。適当な置換体はまた、環状ラジカルである。置換アルキルは、1つまたは複数の同一または異なるラジカルを所持するメチルラジカル、エチルラジカル、またはプロピルラジカルであり得る。置換基の性質に依存して、単結合または多重結合によってまたはスピロ形式でこれらを結合することができる。好ましい置換基は、Cl、F、Br、またはIなどのハロゲン、アミノ、低級アルキルアミノ、低級アルカノイルアミノ、特にベンゾイルアミノなどのアロイルアミノ、ヒドロキシアミノ、ヒドロキシイミノ、低級アルコキシアミノ、特にフェノキシアミノなどのアロキシアミノ基である。低級アルキルチオには、C1〜C6アルキルチオ−ルが含まれる。アリールオキシカルボニルには、フェノキシカルボニル、ベンジルオキシカルボニル、ヒドロキシアミノカルボニル、アミノアシルアミノ、カルバモイル、アミジノが含まれる。アリールオキシはフェニルオキシ、アミノカルボニルオキシ、オキソ、アミノスルホニル、および低級アルキルスルホニル-アミノであり得る。ヘテロアルキルは、アルキル置換基に1つまたはそれ以上のヘテロ原子を有するアルキル置換基、特に、29までの炭素原子を有するメルカプトアルキル、アミノアルキル、ホスフィノアルキル、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、またはシリルアルキルである。好ましくは、パリレンは式Iによって表わされる構造を有する。上記の好ましい態様では、R1、R2、R7、およびR8は、独立に水素またはC1〜C6アルキルである。上記の他の態様では、R3〜R6は独立に水素またはC1〜C6アルキルである。上記の他の態様では、R1、R2、R7、およびR8は、独立に水素またはC1〜C6アルキルであり、またR3〜R6の少なくとも1つまたは複数は、官能基(例えばアミノ、チオ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ)を含むか、あるいは官能基(例えばアミノ、チオ、ヒドロキシ、ハロ)である。いくつかのさらなる態様では、ハロ基は、クロロまたはフルオロである。任意の上記のいくつかの態様では、R1〜R8メンバーそれ自身は置換されていない。
他の態様において、本発明は、パリレンメンブレンフィルターおよびハウジングを含むパリレンメンブレン濾過装置を提供する。有利なことに、パリレンメンブレンフィルターにより、下に詳述する生体体液を含む多くの流体を濾過することができる。
DT:播種腫瘍細胞
DTCBM-:骨髄にDTCなし
DTCBM+:骨髄にDTCあり
* 推定2年再発率
DT:播種腫瘍細胞
DTCBM-:骨髄にDTCなし
DTCBM+:骨髄にDTCあり
* 推定2年再発率
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以下の実施例を、本発明を説明するために提示するが、それらは特許請求する発明を制限するものではない。
本発明によるパリレンメンブレンフィルター装置の設計、製造、およびテストについて記述する。大幅に最適化しないでも、装置は、89%の回収率および9 log 10倍の濃縮を実証した。これはこの分野で用いられている最も最近の方法を凌駕する(Lara, O.,et al., Experimental Hematology, vol. 32: 891-904 (2004)を参照のこと)。さらに、1時間を超える時間を必要とする現在の多工程処理と比較して、各試料の分離に10分未満しか必要としないことが可能である。
実施例の背景:膀胱癌は重要な公衆衛生上の問題である。膀胱癌は、その増加し続ける発生率により、現在米国で5番目に多い癌であり、2002年に推定56,500人の新しい患者が予測され、そのうち12,600人の患者がこの疾病で死亡すると予想される。膀胱鏡検査は、膀胱癌を検出するための、侵襲的で比較的高価な技術である。この方法は、ある場合は、特に膀胱炎の患者には、不確かである可能性がある。膀胱癌の再発を検出するためのより簡便で非侵襲的な分析が必要である。
この実施例において、循環内皮始原細胞を捕獲し、検出する。
実施例の背景:造血幹細胞は、増殖および特定の型の細胞への分化の両方の能力を有する原始細胞である。身体の白血球、赤血球、および血小板が、これらの幹細胞からの派生細胞のいくつかの例である。白血病のような悪性疾患に罹患している患者は、その体内で生きている癌細胞を破壊するために放射線または化学療法による治療を受ける場合がある。放射線および化学療法の治療は多くの場合癌細胞の破壊に成功するが、しかしその過程で、それらはまた患者の正常細胞および骨髄をも破壊する可能性がある。
実施例の背景:複数のパリレンメンブレンフィルターを平行に所持するフィルター装置を用いて、サイズの分布を決定することができる。各フィルターは、独自の臨界分離閾値サイズを与える幾何学的設計により、他のフィルターと区別される。各フィルターの出口で粒子数を数えることにより、試料中の粒子または細胞のサイズの分布を測定することができる。
Claims (39)
- (a)パリレン基板からなるメンブレンフィルターであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部が、所定の幾何学的設計の1平方ミリメートルあたり1,000乃至40,000の孔のアレイを有する、該メンブレンフィルター;
(b)濾過される試料に圧力を加えるための、該フィルターに連結された圧力生成装置;
(c)該メンブレンフィルターを覆うハウジングであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部は該ハウジングから免れるように懸架している、該ハウジング;
を含む、メンブレンフィルター装置。 - ハウジングが、第1のチャンバー、第2のチャンバー、ならびに該第1のチャンバーと該第2のチャンバーとを接続するための手段からなる、請求項1記載の装置。
- メンブレンフィルターが、サイズ、形、および密度を含む所定の幾何学的設計を有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- メンブレンフィルターが、複数の一定間隔で配置された孔を有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- メンブレンフィルターが、5μm〜12μmの範囲の孔の寸法を有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- メンブレンフィルターが、円形、楕円形、対称多角形、非対称多角形、不規則な形状、およびそれらの組合せからなる群より選択される孔の形状を有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- メンブレンの厚さが少なくとも1μmである、請求項1記載の装置。
- パリレン基板が金属層に接触している、請求項1記載の装置。
- 金属が、Au、Pt、Ag、Pd、Cu、Ir、Zn、Ni、Fe、Ru、Rh、およびSiからなる群より選択される、請求項8記載の装置。
- (a)パリレン基板からなる第1のメンブレンフィルターであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部が、第1の所定の幾何学的設計の1平方ミリメートルあたり1,000乃至40,000の孔のアレイを有する、該メンブレンフィルター;
(b)濾過される試料に圧力を加えるための、該フィルターに連結された圧力生成装置;
(c)該メンブレンフィルターを覆うハウジングであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部は該ハウジングから免れるように懸架している、該ハウジング;
を含む、メンブレンフィルター装置。 - パリレン基板からなる第2のメンブレンフィルターであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部が、第2の所定の幾何学的設計の孔のアレイを有し、該第1のメンブレンフィルターが該第2のメンブレンフィルターの上方に配置されている、該第2のメンブレンフィルターを含む、請求項10記載の装置。
- 第1のメンブレンフィルターおよび第2のメンブレンフィルターを覆うハウジングであって、該両方のメンブレンフィルターの一部は該ハウジングから免れるように懸架している、該ハウジングをさらに含む、請求項11記載の装置。
- 第1のメンブレンフィルターと第2のメンブレンフィルターの間にサンドイッチ層が配置されてもよい、請求項11記載の装置。
- サンドイッチ層が不活性な層である、請求項11記載の装置。
- 第1のメンブレンフィルターが第2のメンブレンフィルターと実質的に平行である、請求項11記載の装置。
- 第1のメンブレンが円形の孔を有し、第2のメンブレンが卵形の孔を有する、請求項11記載の装置。
- パリレンメンブレンを提供する段階;
パリレンメンブレンのある領域に、所定の幾何学的設計の孔のアレイを形成する段階;および
該メンブレンをハウジング内に取り付けて、メンブレンフィルター装置を形成する段階;
を含む、請求項1記載のメンブレンフィルター装置を形成する方法。 - 幾何学的設計が単分散の孔のサイズを有する、請求項17記載の方法。
- (i) 生体から採取された細胞を含む試料を提供する段階;および
(ii)試料を、圧力下で、メンブレンフィルター装置中の、少なくとも、第1のメンブレンフィルターに通し、細胞を単離する段階、
ここで、該メンブレンフィルター装置は以下を含む:
(a)パリレン基板からなる第1のメンブレンフィルターであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部が、所定の幾何学的設計の1平方ミリメートルあたり5,000乃至40,000の第1の複数の孔を有する、該メンブレンフィルター;
(b)濾過される試料に圧力を加えるための、該フィルターに連結された圧力生成装置;
(c)該メンブレンフィルターを覆うハウジングであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部は該ハウジングから免れるように懸架している、該ハウジング;
を含む、細胞を単離する方法。 - 細胞が、第1の複数の孔の各々より大きな断面積を有し、メンブレンフィルターによって保持される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 細胞が、メンブレンフィルターによって保持されないほど小さい、請求項19記載の方法。
- 細胞が第1の型であり、試料がさらに第2の型の細胞を含み、かつ所定の幾何学的設計が、第2の型の細胞がメンブレンフィルターを通過することを選択的に可能にし、一方で第1の型の細胞の通過を選択的に制限する、請求項19記載の方法。
- 第1の複数の孔がアレイの形状にある、請求項19記載の方法。
- 第1の複数の孔が第1のメンブレンに5%〜45%の開口面積率を与える、請求項19記載の方法。
- 所定の幾何学的設計を有する孔が円、卵形または多角形である、請求項19記載の方法。
- 複数の孔の各々が75平方ミクロン〜500平方ミクロンの範囲の断面積を有する、請求項19記載の方法。
- 試料が尿、脳脊髄液及び血液からなる群から選ばれる、請求項19記載の方法。
- 細胞が循環腫瘍細胞である、請求項19記載の方法。
- 循環腫瘍細胞が固形腫瘍からのものである、請求項28記載の方法。
- 流体が第1のメンブレンフィルターを通過した後、細胞がメンブレンフィルターの上流側表面上に保持される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 保持された細胞の検出をさらに含む、請求項30記載の方法。
- 試料が、第2のメンブレンフィルターであって、第2の所定の幾何学的設計の第2の複数の孔を有する第2のパリレンメンブレンを含み、第2のパリレンメンブレンの複数の孔の各々が第1のパリレンメンブレンの孔の各々の断面積より小さい断面積を有する第2のメンブレンフィルターを通過し、細胞が、第1のメンブレンフィルターを通過して第2のメンブレンフィルターの表面上で保持される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 保持された細胞を、標識を有する組織特異的抗体または細胞型特異的抗体と接触させることにより、保持された細胞を検出する、請求項31記載の方法。
- 保持された細胞を、腫瘍関連抗原を検出することができる、または腫瘍関連抗原をコードする核酸を検出することができる試薬と接触させる、請求項31記載の方法。
- 細胞が循環腫瘍細胞であり、流体が血液である、請求項33記載の方法。
- 請求項19記載の方法により細胞を単離する段階を含む、患者から採取した試料中の細胞を得るための方法。
- 得られた細胞が培養液中で増殖される、請求項36記載の方法。
- 細胞が幹細胞、単球、癌細胞及びバクテリア細胞からなる群から選ばれる、請求項37記載の方法。
- 流体媒質を、圧力下で、メンブレンフィルター装置中のメンブレンフィルターに通し、粒子を単離する段階、
ここで、該メンブレンフィルター装置は以下を含む:
(a)パリレン基板からなるメンブレンフィルターであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部が、所定の幾何学的設計の1平方ミリメートルあたり5,000乃至40,000の第1の複数の孔を有する、該メンブレンフィルター;
(b)濾過される試料に圧力を加えるための、該フィルターに連結された圧力生成装置;
(c)該メンブレンフィルターを覆うハウジングであって、該メンブレンフィルターの一部は該ハウジングから免れるように懸架している、該ハウジング;
を含む、流体媒質中の粒子を単離する方法。
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