JP5049672B2 - Brake device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a brake device that obtains a braking force by pressing a brake piece against a braked body, for example, a brake device for an elevator hoisting machine.

  Conventionally, a magnetic attraction means including a permanent magnet has been proposed as a brake device in addition to an electromagnet composed of a yoke and an electromagnetic coil (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Moreover, the said magnetic attraction means which consists of a yoke, an electromagnetic coil, and a permanent magnet is proposed (for example, refer patent document 2, 3).

Further, an electromagnetic brake device that applies braking by pressing a braking piece against a braked body with a spring force and releases the braking by the magnetic force of an electromagnet or an elevator using this electromagnetic brake device has been proposed (for example, a patent). References 4 and 5).
JP 2004-353684 A JP 2000-150228 A JP 2002-198218 A JP 2006-256663 A JP 10-129989 A

  As is often seen in elevator brake devices and the like, electromagnetic brakes are generally used as brake devices. That is, the release and addition of the brake can be performed relatively easily by turning on and off the excitation power source. When the excitation power supply is cut off, the braked body is pressed by a spring force to apply braking, and when the excitation power supply is energized, the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet releases the pressure applied to the braked body to release the brake. In this case, an electromagnet having a magnetic force that can sufficiently resist the spring force is required.

  In recent years, machine room-less elevators that do not require a machine room at the top of the hoistway have become mainstream. In this case, it is necessary to install the hoisting machine in a limited space in the hoistway. That is, downsizing of the hoisting machine, particularly downsizing of the brake device has become important. Therefore, it is considered to reduce the size by using a permanent magnet together with the electromagnet.

  A brake device using both an electromagnet and a permanent magnet has been proposed in Patent Document 1 described above. A permanent magnet is embedded in the yoke of the electromagnet, the braked body is pressed by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and braking is applied. The magnetic force of the permanent magnet is repelled by the magnetic force, and the pressure contact of the braked body is released to release the brake, but braking is applied by the spring force proposed in the present invention, and the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are used together by the electromagnet. The structure and configuration are different from the brake device that releases the brake.

  Further, as the magnetic attraction means comprising a yoke, an electromagnetic coil, and a permanent magnet, a magnetic actuator is proposed in Patent Document 2 and a hybrid magnet is proposed in Patent Document 3, but there is no consideration as a brake device.

  Patent Document 4 shows an example of a drum brake. An electromagnetic brake device that applies braking by pressing a braking piece against a brake drum as a braked body with a spring force and releases the braking with a magnetic force of an electromagnet, or an elevator using the electromagnetic brake device is disclosed.

  Patent Document 5 shows an example of a disc brake. An electromagnetic brake device is disclosed in which braking is applied to a disk as a body to be braked by pressing the outer peripheral side surface of the disk with a spring force through a braking piece, and braking is released by the magnetic force of an electromagnet.

  The objective of this invention is providing the brake device which can be reduced in size.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a braking spring for pressing a braking piece against a braked body to apply braking, and a magnetic drive means that operates against the urging force of the braking spring and releases braking. In the brake device configured as described above, the magnetic drive means includes a first yoke, a second yoke, an electromagnetic coil, and a permanent magnet, and at least one electromagnetic coil has the configuration of the first yoke and the second yoke. And the permanent magnet are arranged, the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is arranged in the operating direction of the magnetic drive means, and the magnetic flux generated by both is added during the attraction, and the first and second yokes are added. while the fixed body of the other to the movable member, and the electromagnetic coil the suction force of the permanent magnet and the same direction for attracting the movable member, whereas, urges the electromagnetic coil, the brake solutions During holding, the holding current is constant, and this holding Characterized by comprising a coil current excitation circuit for performing Braking additional action by de-energizing the flow.

With this configuration, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet can be reduced by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet at the time of braking release holding, that is, the exciting current of the electromagnetic coil can be reduced. Can be Moreover, the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet can be obtained efficiently.

In the present invention , the magnetic drive means according to claim 1 is characterized in that the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic coil are arranged in series in the operation direction of the magnetic drive means.

  With this configuration, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet can be obtained efficiently, the electromagnetic coil can be miniaturized as in the first aspect, and the magnetic attraction means and the brake device can be miniaturized as a whole.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the brake device which can be reduced in size can be provided.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 7 are diagrams showing the overall configuration of a brake device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the magnetic drive means of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows the shape of the permanent magnet of FIG. 4 and FIG. 4 are excitation circuits for the electromagnetic coil of FIG. 1, FIGS. 5A and 5B are flow charts of magnetic flux when the coil current is interrupted and when the coil current is passed in the magnetic drive means of FIG. ), (B) are magnetic circuits of FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing timings such as energization current of the electromagnetic coil and magnet gap from the braking release operation to the braking addition operation.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a brake drum as a body to be braked, and a pair of braking pieces 2 abut on an inner peripheral braking surface 1 a of the brake drum 1. Reference numeral 3 denotes a pair of braking arms. The braking piece 2 is provided in the intermediate portion 3c, and the one end portion 3a is rotatably supported. Reference numeral 4 denotes a pair of braking springs, which are arranged on the other end 3b of the braking arm 3 so that the braking piece 2 applies a pressing force to the braking surface 1a.

  Reference numerals 5a and 5b denote magnetic drive means, which are provided in the vicinity of the other end 3b of the brake arm 3 so as to release the pressing force of the brake spring 4. The magnetic drive means 5a and 5b are composed of magnet portions 10a and 10b and second yokes 9a and 9b. The magnet portions 10a and 10b are permanent magnets 6a and 6b, electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and a first yoke 8a. , 8b. The first yokes 8a and 8b are provided with electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b and permanent magnets 6a and 6b, and the magnet portions 10a and 10b have magnetic pole surfaces 11a and 11b, which are opposed to the magnetic pole surfaces 11a and 11b. Second yokes 9a and 9b are respectively arranged. That is, two sets of magnetic drive means having the same shape and configuration are disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the center line of the brake drum 1. The second yokes 9a and 9b are connected to the other end portion 3b of the braking arm 3 to drive the other end portion 3b of the braking arm 3 so as to be integrally driven to the braking piece 2. . In this embodiment, the first yokes 8a, 8b are fixed and the second yokes 9a, 9b are movable. When the electromagnetic coils 7a, 7b are energized, the second yokes 9a, 9b are attracted and the braking arm 3 is moved. Operates in the direction of retracting. Reference numeral 12 denotes a coil current excitation circuit for energizing the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and controls the current flowing through the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b. Reference numeral 13 denotes an AC power supply supplied to the coil current excitation circuit 12, and reference numeral 14 denotes a contact of an electromagnetic contactor for connecting or cutting off the AC power supply 13. The contact is connected to the coil current excitation circuit 12 through this contact. Reference numeral 15 denotes a normally closed contact of an electromagnetic contactor for energizing and interrupting the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b.

In FIG. 2, the first yokes 8a and 8b have an E-shaped cross section, and annular permanent magnets 6a and 6b and electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are movable in the E-shaped cross section. Magnet portions 10a and 10b are formed in series with respect to the direction. Permanent magnet 6a, the magnetic pole surface 11c and the first yoke 8a of 6b, pole faces 11d and 8b are parallel, a second yoke 9a in the gap [delta] _g, faces toward 9b. In this embodiment, the magnetic pole surfaces 11c of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b protrude from the magnetic pole surfaces 11c of the first yokes 8a and 8b. The second yokes 9a and 9b are supported by shafts 16a and 16b, respectively. The shafts 16a and 16b are movably supported by the bearing 17 at the center of the first yokes 8a and 8b. When the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are energized, the second yokes 9a and 9b are attracted and moved in the direction in which the arrows are drawn. Reference numeral 18 denotes a gap holding piece, which holds a fixed gap when the second yokes 9a, 9b are attracted to the magnet portions 10a, 10b.

  FIG. 3 shows the permanent magnets 6a and 6b shown in FIG. 1, which are annular permanent magnets having a transversely concave cross section. N and S poles are formed on the concave protrusion, and in this example, the outer peripheral side is the N pole and the inner peripheral side is the S. Although it is a pole, it may be formed in reverse.

  In FIG. 4, 19 is a DC conversion element for converting alternating current to direct current, 20 is a coil current limiting resistor, 21 is a normally closed contact that is connected in parallel with the coil current limiting resistor and short-circuited, and the contact 14 on the power supply side is constant after conduction. Opened in time. A discharge resistor 22 is connected in parallel with the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and discharges and consumes the energy stored in the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b when the power is cut off. It is set to about 10 times. A DC output of the DC conversion element 19 is connected via a normally closed contact 15 to the parallel connection of the electromagnetic coils 7 a and 7 b and the discharge resistor 22. Reference numeral 23 denotes a free-wheeling diode that slowly extinguishes the discharge current from the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b when the energization of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b is interrupted. In this case, the DC conversion element 19 may also be used. The normally closed contact 15 is opened when the discharge current from the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b is quickly extinguished.

In FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), as described above, the magnetic drive means 5a and 5b are substantially the same in the left-right symmetry. Is omitted. FIG. 5A shows the magnetic fluxes φ _gp and φ when the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are de-energized with braking applied, and when the magnetic drive means 5a is open and the open gap δ _go between the magnet portion 10a and the second yoke 9a. The flow of _y is shown. FIG. 5 (b) shows that the magnetic coil 7a is energized in the brake released state, and the magnetic fluxes φ _gp and φ _e at the time of the suction gap δ _gc between the magnet portion 10a and the second yoke 9a when the magnetic driving means 5a is in the attracted state. Show the flow. 6 (a) and 6 (b) show the magnetic circuits of FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), respectively.

Figure 5 (a) and the electromagnetic coil 7a in FIG. 6 (a) during the de-energized, the magnetic flux phi _p by magnetomotive force U _p of the permanent magnet 6a is flux flowing back through the second yoke 9a from the gap portion phi diverted to the flux phi _y refluxing _gp and the first yoke 8a. At this time, since the magnet gap δ _go is large, the magnetic resistance R _go >> 0. The electromagnetic coil 7a is at the time of energization shown in FIG. 5 (b) and 6 (b), with the magnetic flux phi _p by magnetomotive force U _p of the permanent magnet 6a, the magnetic flux phi _e by magnetomotive force U _e of the electromagnetic coil 7a The first yoke 8a, the second yoke 9a and the gap are refluxed.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), (b) , first and second yoke 8a, the magnetic flux phi _g of the gap portion as a magnetic attraction force between 9a is as follows.

5 (a) and 6 (a) in an open state (when the electromagnetic coil 7a is not energized)

Fig. 5 (b) and Fig. 6 (b) attracted state (when electromagnetic coil 7a is energized)

When there is no permanent magnet 6a in the attracted state of FIGS. 5 (b) and 6 (b) (only when the electromagnetic coil 7a is energized)

The effect of the permanent magnet 6a in the attracted state of FIGS. 5 (b) and 6 (b)

here,
U _p : Magnetomotive force U _e of the permanent magnet 6 a: Magnetomotive force R _go of the electromagnetic coil 7 a: Magnetic resistance R _gc of the air gap when opened R _gc : Magnetic resistance R _c of the air gap when attracted R _y : Magnet of the first yoke 8 a magnetic resistance of the road R _a: magnetoresistance phi _g of the second yoke _9a: magnetic flux of the void portion phi _gp: flux phi _ge of gap portions by the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets _6a: flux of the gap portion by an electromagnetic coil 7a magnetomotive force phi _y : Magnetic flux φ _e of the first yoke 8a due to the magnetomotive force U _p of the permanent magnet 6a: Magnetic flux generated by the magnetomotive force U _e of the electromagnetic coil 7a Therefore, the effect of the permanent magnet 6a in the attracted state is as shown in the equation (4) The condition for obtaining this effect is

In practice, it is set so as to satisfy the condition of equation (5). In this case, at the time of attraction, the gap δ _gc is small and the magnetic resistance R _gc is very small, and the magnetic pole portion of the permanent magnet 6a protrudes from the magnetic pole surface 11d of the first yoke 8a as shown in FIGS. Since the magnetic flux R flows through the first yoke 8a through the air portion, the magnetic resistance _Ry is increased. That is, the condition of the above expression (5) is satisfied and the effect of the permanent magnet is obtained.

  Based on FIGS. 4 to 7, the timing of the coil current, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and the like during the operation from the release of the brake to the addition of the brake, that is, from the time T1 to the time T7 will be described.

The power supply contact 14 is connected at time T1, and is cut off at time T5, and the coil current disappears at time T6. During the period from T1 to T4 of the brake release operation, the contact 21 is connected, resulting in a pulsed voltage in which the resistor 20 is short-circuited as shown in the coil voltage of (a). That is, when a braking release command is received at time T1, the contact 14 and the contact 21 are connected by the contact operation of (e), the current starts to flow through the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and the circuit current is like the coil current of (b). It increases according to the time constant and becomes a constant value. On the other hand, the magnetic flux φ _go passing through the gap by the permanent magnets 6a and 6b is almost zero until the time T1, as shown in the equation (1), and the magnetic resistance R _go of the gap is large. When the coil current is applied at time T1, the second yokes 9a and 9b are magnetically attracted mainly by the magnetic flux _φge generated by the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and the magnet gap in (c) is reduced. This together with the permanent magnet 6a, also increases the air gap magnetic flux passing through phi _gp by 6b, permanent magnets 6a, 6b of the magnetic flux phi _gp and the electromagnetic coil 7a, flows are summed 7b of the magnetic flux phi _ge. When the second yokes 9a and 9b are attracted and held, the gap passing magnetic flux by the permanent magnets 6a and 6b is constant.

The first yoke 8a, 8b and a second yoke 9a, the magnet gap [delta] _g between 9b, becomes slowly narrowed from time T1 as shown in (c), abruptly narrowed from the middle of T2, At the time T3, the suction and suction are completely performed on the second yokes 9a and 9b, and at the time T4, the suction and suction holding state is achieved.

In the initial operation at the time of brake release from the time T1 to the time T4, a pulse voltage is applied to increase the coil current at the initial energization, thereby speeding up the brake release operation. After the second yokes 9a and 9b are completely attracted, the magnet gap is reduced, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is reduced and the spring force is reduced even if the exciting current flowing through the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b is small. Since the attractive force to overcome is generated, the contact 21 is cut off at the time T4 as shown by the dotted line, the voltage is lowered, that is, the coil current is lowered, and the holding current is kept constant during the period from T4 to T5. During this period, since the permanent magnet 6a, the magnetic flux phi _gp and 6b are applied, the magnetic flux phi _gp content can be reduced as shown by the solid line of (b) the coil current.

Then, the contact 14 is cut off by the braking addition command at the time T5, the coil voltage (a) is deenergized, and the currents of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b decrease according to the time constant of the circuit as shown in (b). Becomes zero. The second yokes 9a and 9b are pushed back by the spring force, and the magnet gap also returns and becomes larger as shown in FIG. 5 (a). Permanent magnets 6a, 6b of the magnetic flux electromagnetic coils 7a, together with the disappearance of magnetic flux 7b is larger magnet gap [delta] _g is the gap portion passes magnetic flux phi _gp becomes almost zero.

  In this case, the brake release operation time from T1 to T4 shown in FIG. 7 is about 1 to 2 seconds, which is very short, and the brake release holding time is overwhelmingly long. Therefore, the effect of the current reduction from the dotted line to the solid line shown by (b) coil current in FIG. 7 is large, and as a result, the temperature rise of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b is reduced. Thus, the effect of downsizing the magnetic drive means 5a, that is, downsizing the brake device can be obtained.

  Next, another embodiment of the magnetic drive means 5a, 5b will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5A and 5B, in which the first yokes 8a and 8b of the two sets of magnetic drive means 5a and 5b are shared. That is, the first yokes 8a and 8b of FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are integrally integrated to form the first yoke 8 so that the permanent magnets 6a and 6b and the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are formed as shown in FIGS. Similarly to b), the second yokes 9a and 9b are arranged in series with respect to the attracting movable direction, and the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b are arranged in the attracting direction of the second yokes 9a and 9b.

  As a result, the two first yokes 8a and 8b can be integrated together, so that the number of components can be reduced and the size can be reduced. The operation is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  9 (a) and 9 (b) are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b). The difference from FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) is that the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are integrally integrated. As the electromagnetic coil 7, the direction of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 6a, 6b facing the second yokes 9a, 9b and the direction of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 6a, 6b facing the other second yokes 9a, 9b are set. It arrange | positions so that it may become reverse, and is making it the magnetic flux flow to the 2nd yoke 9a, 9b side in cooperation with the magnetic flux direction by electromagnetic coil 7a, 7b.

  As a result, the two electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b can be integrated together, so that the number of components can be further reduced and the size can be reduced as compared with the embodiment shown in FIGS. The operation is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the permanent magnet 6a shown in FIG. 5 (a), FIG. 8 (a), and FIG. 9 (a), as shown in the left half of FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b). , 6b may be the same plane as the first yokes 8a, 8b or a recessed position. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the permanent magnets 6a and 6b shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) may be arranged on the side opposite to the second yokes 9a and 9b of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are housed in the recesses of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b having a concave cross section, and the permanent magnets 6a and 6b and the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are connected. The magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b may be integrated with each other so as to protrude from the magnetic pole surfaces of the first yokes 8a and 8b or be flush with or recessed from the magnetic pole surfaces in the same manner as in FIGS. As a result, the same effects as in FIGS. 5, 10, and 11 can be obtained.

  Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  14A and 14B are diagrams corresponding to the left half of the magnetic drive means 5a and 5b in FIGS. 5A and 5B, FIG. 15 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3, and FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) is different from FIG. 15 in that the two cylindrical permanent magnets 6a1 and 6a2 having a large diameter and a small diameter are arranged in parallel to the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, respectively. It is arranged. That is, the bottom of the concave cross section of the permanent magnet shown in FIG. 3 is omitted. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnet circulates around the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b of the first yokes 8a and 8b and the second yokes 9a and 9b. Thereby, the effect is obtained that the sectional shape is simpler and cheaper than the permanent magnets 6a and 6b of FIG. The operation is the same as in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). Note that the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b may protrude from the magnetic pole surfaces of the first yokes 8a and 8b, and be in the same plane as the magnetic pole surfaces, or may be recessed, as in FIGS.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b), as shown in FIG. 12, the permanent magnets 6a and 6b of FIG. 15 sandwich the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b at the bottom of the first yokes 8a and 8b. May be arranged in parallel.

  FIGS. 17A and 17B are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 9A and 9B, and the permanent magnets 6a and 6b of FIG. 15 are arranged in parallel on the outer peripheral side and inner peripheral side of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b. Accordingly, the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b may protrude from the magnetic pole surfaces of the first yokes 8a and 8b, or be in the same plane or indented positions as in FIGS. The effect and action are the same as those in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b).

  Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  18 (a) and 18 (b) are diagrams corresponding to the left half of FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the permanent magnet 6a of FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b), and FIGS. 22 is a view corresponding to FIGS. 10 to 12 and shows the arrangement of the permanent magnets 6a.

  18 (a) and 18 (b), the permanent magnet 6a and the electromagnetic coil 7a are arranged in series with respect to the movable direction of the second yoke 9a, but are different from FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). FIG. 19 shows the shape of the permanent magnet 6a and the arrangement of the magnetic poles. As shown in FIG. 19, the permanent magnet 6a is an annular disk. In this example, N is formed on the outer peripheral surface side and S magnetic poles are formed on the inner peripheral side. May be formed. That is, the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 6a is not opposed to the second yoke 9a, but is perpendicular to the movable direction of the second yoke 9a, and magnetic flux is generated in this direction. The magnetic circuits in FIGS. 18A and 18B are the same as those in FIGS. 6A and 6B, and will be omitted.

  Thereby, since the shape of the permanent magnet 6a is an annular disc, the sectional shape is simpler and cheaper than the permanent magnet 6a shown in FIGS. The operation is the same as in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). As shown in FIGS. 18 (a) and 20 to 22, the arrangement of the permanent magnet 6a protrudes from the magnetic pole surface 11d of the first yoke 8a, as shown in FIGS. It may be arranged on the same surface as the surface, a recessed position, or on the side opposite to the second yoke 9a of the electromagnetic coil 7a.

  Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  23A and 23B are diagrams corresponding to the left half of FIGS. 5A and 5B, FIGS. 24A and 24B are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 14A and 14B, and FIG. FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 18A and 18B, and FIG. 26 is a magnetic circuit corresponding to FIG.

  23 (a) and 23 (b) are different from FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) in that the permanent magnet 6a is disposed on the second yoke 9a side, and the electromagnetic coil 7a is disposed on the first yoke 8a side. It is a point to be placed. The permanent magnet 6a having the shape shown in FIG. 3 is used, and the magnetic pole surface faces the fixed first yoke 8a side and is arranged in the movable direction of the second yoke 9a to generate a magnetic flux. Yes. In this embodiment, the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet 6a protrudes from the magnetic pole surface 11e of the second yoke 9a.

  24 (a) and 24 (b) are different from FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) in that the permanent magnet 6a is disposed on the second yoke 9a side, and the electromagnetic coil 7a is disposed on the first yoke 8a. It is a point arranged on the side. The permanent magnet 6a having the shape shown in FIG. 15 is used, the magnetic pole surface is arranged in the movable direction of the second yoke 9a on the movable side, and a magnetic flux is generated facing the first yoke 8a side. . In this embodiment, the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet 6a protrudes from the magnetic pole surface 11e of the second yoke 9a.

  25 (a) and 25 (b) are different from FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b) in that the permanent magnet 6a is arranged on the second yoke 9a side and the electromagnetic coil 7a is connected to the first yoke. It is a point arrange | positioned at the iron 8a side. The permanent magnet 6a having the shape shown in FIG. 19 is used, the magnetic pole surface is arranged perpendicular to the movable direction of the second yoke 9a on the movable side, and magnetic flux is generated in a direction perpendicular to the movable direction. Yes. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 6a protrudes from the magnetic pole surface 11e of the second yoke 9a.

26 (a) and 26 (b) show the magnetic circuits of FIGS. 23 (a) and 23 (b), respectively. The electromagnetic coil 7a is at the time of non-energization of FIG 23 (a) and FIG. 24 (a), the magnetic flux phi _p by magnetomotive force U _p of the permanent magnet 6a is flux flowing back through the first yoke 8a from the gap portion phi diverted magnetic flux phi _a refluxing _gp and the second yoke 9a. Further, FIG. 23 (b) and the electromagnetic coil 7a in FIG. 24 (b), 7b are at the time of energization, the with the magnetic flux phi _p by the permanent magnet 6a, the magnetomotive force _{U e} flux phi _ge by said first electromagnetic coil 7a The yoke 8a, the second yoke 9a, and the gap are refluxed.

That is, as shown in FIG. 26 (a), (b) , first and second yoke 9a, the magnetic flux phi _g of the gap portion as a magnetic attraction force between 9b are as follows.

23 (a) and 26 (a) in an open state (when the electromagnetic coil 7a is not energized)

Fig. 23 (b) and Fig. 24 (b) attracted state (when electromagnetic coil 7a is energized)

When there is no permanent magnet 6a in the attracted state of FIGS. 23 (b) and 26 (b) (only when the electromagnetic coil 7a is energized)

The effect of the permanent magnet 6a in the attracted state of FIGS. 23 (b) and 26 (b)

here,
U _p : Magnetomotive force U _e of the permanent magnet 6 a: Magnetomotive force R _go of the electromagnetic coil 7 a: Magnetic resistance R _gc of the air gap when opened R _gc : Magnetic resistance R _c of the air gap when attracted R _y : Magnet of the first yoke 8 a magnetic resistance of the road R _a: magnetoresistance phi _g of the second yoke _9a: magnetic flux of the void portion phi _gp: flux phi _ge of gap portions by the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets _6a: flux of the gap portion by an electromagnetic coil 7a magnetomotive force phi _y : Magnetic flux φ _e of the first yoke 8a due to the magnetomotive force U _p of the permanent magnet 6a: Magnetic flux generated by the magnetomotive force U _e of the electromagnetic coil 7a Therefore, the effect of the permanent magnet 6a in the attracted state is as shown in Equation (9) And the condition for obtaining this effect is

, And the a (1) to (5) reluctance R _y and R _a are interchanged expression. In practice, this embodiment is set so as to satisfy the condition of the expression (10). In this case, at the time of attraction, the gap δ _gc is small and the magnetic resistance R _gc is very small, and the magnetic pole portions of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b are used as the magnetic pole surfaces of the second yokes 9a and 9b as shown in FIGS. because are arranged more projecting, first yoke 8a through the air portion, the magnetic flux flows in 8b, the magnetic resistance R _a increases. That is, the condition of the above expression (10) is satisfied, and the effect of the permanent magnets 6a and 6b is obtained.

  The permanent magnets 6a and 6b in FIGS. 23 and 24 may be arranged on the same concave surface as the magnetic pole surfaces of the second yokes 9a and 9b, as in FIGS. Thereby, an effect is acquired similarly to the said FIG. 10, FIG.

  Further, the permanent magnets 6a and 6b and the first yokes 8a and 8b arranged in the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b shown in FIGS. 2 to 22 and the permanent magnets 6a and 6b shown in FIGS. Magnetic driving means configured by facing any one of the arranged second yokes 9a and 9b may be used. That is, the magnetic drive means is composed of the first yokes 8a and 8b, the second yokes 9a and 9b, the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and the permanent magnets 6a and 6b, and the first yokes 8a and 8b and the second yoke. At least one electromagnetic coil 7a, 7b and at least one permanent magnet 6a, 6b are arranged in the configuration of iron 9a, 9b.

  Next, another example of the coil current excitation circuit 12 shown in FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 27, 28 and 30 are equivalent to FIG. 4, and FIGS. 29 and 31 are equivalent to FIG.

  In FIG. 27, the same parts as those in FIG. Reference numeral 12 is a coil current excitation circuit 12, 19 is a DC conversion element for converting AC to DC, 24 is a coil current supply means composed of a semiconductor element such as a transistor, and 25 is a command for a current to flow through the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b. A coil current command means 26 for detecting the current of the electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b, and 27 a coil current control means. The command value of the coil current command means 25 and the current detection means 26 And a drive signal is output to the coil current supply means 24 so that the command value of the coil current command means 25 and the detection value of the current detection means 26 coincide with each other, and the electromagnetic coils 7a, 7b. To control the current. The coil current excitation circuit 12 includes the DC conversion element 19, the coil current supply means 24, the coil current command means 25, the current detection means 26, and a coil current control means 27. That is, this embodiment detects the coil current and controls the DC voltage.

  In FIG. 28, the same parts as those in FIG.

  Reference numeral 24 denotes a coil current supply means including an AC voltage control element such as a thyristor or a triac. AC power is input from the AC power supply 13 through the contact 14 of the electromagnetic contactor. Then, the command value of the coil current command means 25 and the detection value of the coil current detection means 26 are input to the coil current control means 27, and the command value of the coil current command means 25 and the detection value of the current detection means 26 are input. Is output to the coil current supply means 24 to control the AC voltage, then converted to DC power via the DC conversion element 19, and the electromagnetic coil 7a, 7b is energized to control the coil current. That is, this embodiment detects the coil current and controls the AC voltage.

  In FIG. 29, the operation timing of FIGS. 27 and 28 is shown. The same parts as those in FIG.

  At the time T1, the power supply contact 17 is connected, at the time T5 the contact 17 is cut off, and at the time T7, the coil current completely disappears. In the brake release operation, the coil current changes in two stages according to the two-stage coil current command in the period from T1 to T5. Among them, T1 to T4 are release operation promotion periods, and T4 to T5 are release operation holding periods. Further, in the braking addition operation, the coil current command is cut off at T5, the contact 14 is cut off, and the coil current disappears.

  In FIG. 30, the same parts as those of FIG. Reference numeral 12 denotes a coil current excitation circuit 12 and 28 denotes a constant current diode through which a constant direct current flows. The constant current diode 28 can supply a constant current regardless of the fluctuation of the power supply voltage. The operation timing is the same as in FIG.

  Next, a brake device that brakes the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 31 to 33. FIG. 1 shows a brake device that brakes the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1. The same parts as those in FIG.

  In FIG. 31, reference numeral 1 denotes a brake drum 1 as a braked body, and a pair of braking pieces 2 abut on an outer peripheral braking surface 1 b of the brake drum 1. Reference numeral 3 denotes a pair of braking arms 3, which are provided with the braking piece 2 in an intermediate portion 3c and rotatably supported at one end portion 3a. Reference numeral 4 denotes a pair of braking springs, which are arranged on the other end 3b of the braking arm 3 so that the braking piece 2 applies a pressing force to the braking surface 1b from the outside.

  Reference numerals 5a and 5b denote magnetic drive means, which are provided in the vicinity of the other end 3b of the brake arm 3 so as to release the pressing force of the brake spring 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 32, this magnetic drive means has the same structure as that of FIG. 2, the left and right sides of the magnetic drive means of FIG. 2 are arranged in reverse, and the movement of the second yokes 9a and 9b on the movable side is the first. It arrange | positions so that a shaft may penetrate the yokes 8a and 8b and it may push outward.

  Further, when the first yokes 8a and 8b are made common as shown in FIG. 8, the movement of one second yoke 9a is centered on the first yoke 8 as shown in FIG. The movement of the other second yoke 9b passes through the outside of the first yoke 8 through the connecting members 29a and 29b to the opposite side of the positions of the second yokes 9a and 9b. It has become.

  In this case, the connecting member 29 a is slid on the bearing 31 of the support member 30 supported by the first yoke 8.

  As described above, also when braking the outer periphery of the brake drum 1, the magnetic drive means for braking the inner periphery described in the above embodiment can be applied.

  Further, based on FIG. 34, a disc-type brake device that clamps a side surface of a brake disc as a braked body will be described.

  This brake device brakes by pressing the side surface of a brake disc 32 as a braked body that is rotatably supported. That is, the magnetic drive means 35 is composed of the magnet portion 33 and the second yoke 34 in the same structure as the magnetic drive means described so far. The magnet portion 33 is composed of the permanent magnet 36, the electromagnetic coil 37 and the first yoke 38. Become. The magnet portion 33 is supported by a caliper 39 and slidably supported by a shaft 40, and a brake piece 41 a is provided at the tip of the caliper 39. On the other hand, a shaft 42 is coupled to the second yoke 34, and a braking piece 41b is provided at the tip. The shaft 42 is slidably supported by the caliper 39 with a bearing 43. A braking spring 44 is provided between the first yoke 38 and the second yoke 34, and a spring force acts so as to spread it. This spring force holds the brake disc 32 between the brake pieces 41a and 41b via the shaft 42 and the caliper 39. Also in this disk type brake device, the magnetic drive means described above is used.

  Next, an embodiment in which the brake device described above is used in an elevator will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 35 shows an example in which the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1 described in FIG. 1 is braked as an example of a brake device that presses the brake drum 1, but the same applies to the disc type brake device described in FIG. . The same parts as those in FIG.

  In FIG. 35, 44 is a sheave of a hoisting machine, and a car 46 is suspended on one side of a main rope 45 wound around the sheave 44, and a counterweight 47 is suspended on the other side. The sheave 44 is driven by a hoisting motor 48 and the car 46 and the counterweight 47 are moved up and down. Reference numeral 1 denotes a brake drum 1 or a brake disc as a braked body, which is installed on a shaft 49 that connects the hoist motor 48 and the sheave 44. The brake device described above is provided so as to brake the brake drum 1 or the brake disc. The hoisting machine includes a sheave 44, a hoisting machine motor 48, and a brake device. The hoisting motor 48 is energized during the elevator lift operation, the electromagnetic coils 7a, 7b of the magnetic drive means 5a, 5b are energized to release the braking, and the hoisting motor 48 is de-energized when stopped. The electromagnetic coils 7a and 7b are deenergized to apply braking.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a brake device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an enlarged view of the magnetic drive means of FIG. It is a figure which shows the shape of the permanent magnet of FIG. It is an excitation circuit diagram of the electromagnetic coil of FIG. 2 is a flow chart of magnetic flux in the magnetic drive means of FIG. 2. FIG. 5A is a flow chart of magnetic flux when electromagnetic coil is not energized, and FIG. FIG. 6B is a magnetic circuit diagram of FIG. 6A when the electromagnetic coil is not energized and opened, and FIG. 6B is a magnetic circuit diagram when the electromagnetic coil is energized and attracted. It is a figure which shows timings, such as an energization current of an electromagnetic coil, a magnet space | gap, from a braking release operation to a braking addition operation. FIG. 8 (a) is a diagram in which the first yokes of two sets of magnetic drive means are shared in the equivalent view of FIG. 5 according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. ) Is a flow chart of magnetic flux when an electromagnetic coil is energized and attracted. FIG. 9A is a diagram in which the electromagnetic coils are commonly integrated in FIG. 8, and FIG. 9A is a flow diagram of magnetic flux when the electromagnetic coil is energized and attracted, while FIG. FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of magnetic flux in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is the same as the magnetic pole surface of the first yoke. FIG. 10 is a magnetic flux flow diagram in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is positioned at a position where the magnetic pole surface of the first yoke is recessed. It is the flowchart of the magnetic flux which has arrange | positioned the permanent magnet shown to Fig.5 (a) and FIG.5 (b) to the anti-second yoke side of an electromagnetic coil. FIG. 13 (a) shows a non-energized state of the electromagnetic coil, and FIG. 13 (b) shows a state of the magnetic flux when the electromagnetic coil is energized and attracted when the permanent magnet is opened. It is a flowchart. The permanent magnet shown in FIG. 5 is a cylindrical permanent magnet having a large diameter and a small diameter. FIG. 14 (a) is a non-energized electromagnetic coil, and FIG. 14 (b) is a magnetic flux when an electromagnetic coil is energized and attracted when opened. It is a flowchart. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 in which the permanent magnets are two cylindrical permanent magnets having a large diameter and a small diameter. FIG. 16A is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in which the permanent magnets are arranged in parallel so as to sandwich the electromagnetic coil at the bottom of the first yoke. FIG. 16A is a non-energized state, FIG. It is a flowchart. 15 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 9 in which the permanent magnets of FIG. 15 are arranged in parallel on the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the electromagnetic coil. FIG. 17 (a) is a non-energized electromagnetic coil, and FIG. It is a flowchart of the magnetic flux at the time of attraction | suction. FIG. 18A is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in which the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic coil are arranged in series with respect to the moving direction of the second yoke. FIG. 18A is a non-energized state, and FIG. It is a flowchart of the magnetic flux at the time of attraction | suction. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 in which a permanent magnet is an annular disk. FIG. 20 is a magnetic flux flow diagram in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet shown in FIG. 19 is the same as the magnetic pole surface of the first yoke. FIG. 20 is a flow chart of magnetic flux in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet shown in FIG. 19 is located at a position where the magnetic pole surface of the first yoke is recessed. FIG. 20 is a flow chart of magnetic flux in which the permanent magnet shown in FIG. 19 is disposed on the side opposite to the second yoke of the electromagnetic coil. FIG. 23A is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in which the permanent magnet is disposed on the second yoke side and the electromagnetic coil is disposed on the first yoke side. FIG. It is a flowchart of the magnetic flux at the time of electromagnetic coil energization and attraction. FIG. 24a is a view corresponding to FIG. 14 in which the permanent magnet is disposed on the second yoke side and the electromagnetic coil is disposed on the first yoke side. FIG. It is a magnetic circuit diagram. FIG. 25A is a view corresponding to FIG. 18 in which the permanent magnet is disposed on the second yoke side and the electromagnetic coil is disposed on the first yoke side. FIG. It is a flowchart of the magnetic flux at the time of electromagnetic coil energization and attraction. FIG. 26A is a magnetic circuit diagram corresponding to FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B, FIG. 26A is a magnetic circuit diagram when the electromagnetic coil is not energized and opened, and FIG. is there. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 showing another coil current excitation circuit. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 showing still another coil current excitation circuit. FIG. 29 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 illustrating the operation timings of FIGS. 27 and 28. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 showing another coil current excitation circuit. FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 for braking the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum. FIG. 32 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 and showing the magnetic drive means of FIG. 31. FIG. 33 is a view corresponding to FIG. 32 showing another magnetic drive means of FIG. 31. FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a disc-type brake that clamps and brakes a side surface of a brake disc. It is a figure which shows the example which used the brake device of this embodiment for the elevator.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Brake piece 4 Brake spring 5a, 5b Magnetic drive means 6a, 6b Permanent magnet 7a, 7b Electromagnetic coil 8a, 8b 1st yoke 9a, 9b 2nd yoke 12 Coil current excitation circuit 19 DC conversion element 20 Resistance 24 Coil current Supply means 25 Coil current command means 26 Current detection means 27 Coil current control means 28 Constant current diode 41 Car 42 Motor

Claims (2)

In a brake device composed of a braking spring for pressing a braking piece against a braked body and applying braking, and a magnetic driving means that operates against the urging force of the braking spring and releases braking,
The magnetic drive means includes a first yoke, a second yoke, an electromagnetic coil, and a permanent magnet, and at least one electromagnetic coil and a permanent magnet are arranged in the configuration of the first yoke and the second yoke. The magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is arranged in the direction of operation of the magnetic drive means, and the magnetic flux generated by both is added at the time of attraction, and one of the first and second yokes is fixed to the fixed body, the other It was to the movable body, and wherein the suction force of the electromagnetic coil and the permanent magnet and the same direction for attracting the movable member while said energized electromagnetic coil, holding constant during braking solution holding current and then, and the brake device characterized by comprising a coil current excitation circuit for performing braking additional action by de-energizing the holding current.   2. The brake device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic driving means has the permanent magnet and an electromagnetic coil arranged in series in the operating direction of the magnetic driving means.

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