JP5036956B2 - 内燃機関の粒子状排出物低減方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の粒子状排出物低減方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
a)主要量のガソリンの沸点範囲の沸点を有する炭化水素燃料、および
b)粒子状排出物低減に有効な量の、炭化水素アミド1モル当りアルキレンオキシド3乃至50モルを有するアルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミド。
「アミノ」は、基:−NH2を意味する。
「炭化水素基」は、主として炭素と水素からなる有機基を意味し、脂肪族、脂環式、芳香族またはそれらの組合せ、例えばアラルキルまたはアルカリールであってもよい。また、このような炭化水素基は、脂肪族不飽和、すなわちオレフィン又はアセチレン不飽和を含んでいてもよく、そしてヘテロ原子、例えば酸素または窒素、または塩素などのハロゲンを少量含んでいてもよい。カルボキシル脂肪酸と結合して用いられるとき、炭化水素基はオレフィン不飽和も含むことになる。
「低級アルキル」は、炭素原子数1〜約6のアルキル基を意味し、第一級、第二級及び第三級アルキル基を含む。代表的な低級アルキル基としては例えば、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、t−ブチル、n−ペンチル、およびn−ヘキシル等を挙げることができる。
「アルキレンオキシド」は、下記式を有する化合物を意味する。式中、R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立に、水素または炭素原子数1〜約6の低級アルキルである。
最も広い観点では、本発明は、炭化水素アミドモル当りアルキレンオキシドを約3乃至50モル、好ましくは約3乃至20モル、より好ましくは約4乃至15モル有するアルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドを含む燃料組成物を使用するものである。アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドは、下記構造を有する:
R'は、炭素原子数1〜約10、好ましくは約2〜5、より好ましくは約2〜3の二価アルキレン基であり、
R”は、炭素原子数約2〜5、好ましくは約2〜3の二価アルキレン基であり、
cおよびdは独立に、0または1、好ましくは両方とも1であり、そして
eおよびfは、eとfの総和が約3〜50の範囲にあるような、独立に約0〜50の整数である。
───────────────────────
エステルの酸部 アミン
───────────────────────
ラウリン酸 プロパノールアミン
ラウリン酸 ジエタノールアミン
ラウリン酸 エタノールアミン
ラウリン酸 ジプロパノールアミン
パルミチン酸 ジエタノールアミン
パルミチン酸 エタノールアミン
ステアリン酸 ジエタノールアミン
ステアリン酸 エタノールアミン
───────────────────────
──────────────
脂肪酸部 重量%
──────────────
カプリル 8.0
カプリン 7.0
ラウリル 48.0
ミリスチン 17.5
パルミチン 8.2
ステアリン 2.0
オレイン 6.0
リノール 2.5
──────────────
本発明の方法に用いられる燃料組成物はまた、少なくとも一種の窒素含有清浄添加剤を含んでいてもよい。本発明での使用に適した清浄添加剤としては、例えば脂肪族炭化水素アミン、炭化水素置換ポリ(オキシアルキレン)アミン、炭化水素置換コハク酸イミド、マンニッヒ反応生成物、ポリアルキルフェノキシアルカノールのニトロ及びアミノ芳香族エステル、ポリアルキルフェノキシアミノアルカン、ポリアルキルピロリジン、およびそれらの混合物を挙げることができる。
R6およびR7は独立に、水素または炭素原子数1〜約6の低級アルキルであり、そして
Aは、アミノ、アルキル基中の炭素原子数が1〜約20のN−アルキルアミノ、各アルキル基中の炭素原子数が1〜約20のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ、またはアミン窒素原子数約2〜12で炭素原子数約2〜40のポリアミン部である。
R9は、水素、ヒドロキシ、ニトロまたは−NR15R16(ただし、R15及びR16は独立に水素または炭素原子数1〜約6の低級アルキルである)であり、
R10およびR11は独立に、水素または炭素原子数1〜約6の低級アルキルであり、そして
R12は、平均分子量が約450乃至5000の範囲にあるポリアルキル基である。
R18およびR19はそれぞれ独立に、水素または炭素原子数約1〜約6の低級アルキルであり、かつ各R18とR19は各−O−CHR18−CHR19−単位において独立に選択され、
Bは、アミノ、アルキル基の炭素原子数が1〜約20であるN−アルキルアミノ、各アルキル基の炭素原子数が1〜約20であるN,N−ジアルキルアミノ、またはアミン窒素原子数約2〜12で炭素原子数約2〜40のポリアミン部であり、そして
mは、約5〜100の整数である。
R2は、炭素原子数約2〜6の直鎖又は分枝鎖アルキレン基であり、
R3は、HまたはCH3であり、そして
xは、0〜約4の整数である。
R3は、Hであることが好ましい。
xは、0〜約2の整数であることが好ましい。最も好ましくは、xは0である。
エンジン試験の作動条件
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作動条件# 車両速度 スロットル位置
(開放%)
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1 40km/h 3.7
2 60km/h 4.9
3 80km/h 6.5
4 100km/h 13.9
───────────────────────
Claims (15)
- 直接噴射式火花点火エンジンの粒子状排出物を低減する方法であって、主要量のガソリンの沸点範囲の沸点を有する炭化水素燃料と、粒子状排出物低減に有効な量の、炭化水素アミド1モル当りアルキレンオキシド3乃至50モルを有するアルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドとからなる燃料組成物を用いて、エンジンを作動させることからなる方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、炭化水素アミド1モル当りアルキレンオキシド3乃至20モルを有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、炭化水素アミド1モル当りアルキレンオキシド4乃至15モルを有する請求項2に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、炭素原子数4〜75のアルキル又はアルケニルアミドから誘導されたものである請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、炭素原子数8〜22のアルキル又はアルケニルアミドから誘導されたものである請求項4に記載の方法。
- アルキル又はアルケニルアミドがヤシ油脂肪酸アミドである請求項5に記載の方法。
- ヤシ油脂肪酸アミドが、ヤシ油脂肪酸又はそのエステルとジエタノールアミンの反応により得られたものである請求項6に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシドが、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、ブチレンオキシド、ペンチレンオキシドまたはそれらの混合物からなる群より選ばれたものである請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシドが、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシドまたはその混合物からなる群より選ばれたものである請求項8に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、ヤシ油脂肪酸アミドとエチレンオキシドまたはプロピレンオキシドとの反応から誘導されたものである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 燃料組成物が更に窒素含有清浄剤を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、10乃至10000重量ppmの範囲で燃料中に存在する請求項1に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、10乃至5000重量ppmの範囲で燃料中に存在する請求項12に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、10乃至1000重量ppmの範囲で燃料中に存在する請求項13に記載の方法。
- アルキレンオキシド付加炭化水素アミドが、50乃至500重量ppmの範囲で燃料中に存在する請求項14に記載の方法。
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US10/328115 | 2002-12-20 | ||
US10/328,115 US20040118036A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Method of reducing particulate emissions in internal combustion engines |
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JP2004204232A JP2004204232A (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
JP5036956B2 true JP5036956B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
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JP2003424717A Expired - Fee Related JP5036956B2 (ja) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-22 | 内燃機関の粒子状排出物低減方法 |
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US (1) | US20040118036A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1431374B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5036956B2 (ja) |
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US7790924B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2010-09-07 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Process for preparing alkylene oxide-adducted hydrocarbyl amides |
EP1705234A1 (de) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verwendung von Detergens-Additiven zur Verhinderung oder Verringerung der Bildung von Ablagerungen in den Einspritzsystemen von direkteinspritzenden Dieselmotoren |
US7744661B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-06-29 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Fuel composition containing an alkylene oxide-adducted hydrocarbyl amide having reduced amine by-products |
US9163190B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2015-10-20 | Innospec Limited | Fuel compositions |
CN102105672B (zh) * | 2008-07-25 | 2013-08-14 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的排气净化装置 |
JP2010163529A (ja) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-29 | Taihokohzai:Kk | 燃料添加剤 |
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US2622018A (en) | 1949-10-19 | 1952-12-16 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Motor fuel |
US3849083A (en) | 1972-04-14 | 1974-11-19 | Ethyl Corp | Gasoline additive |
DE2854437A1 (de) * | 1978-12-16 | 1980-06-26 | Bayer Ag | Kraftstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
DE2854540A1 (de) * | 1978-12-16 | 1980-06-26 | Bayer Ag | Kraftstoffe |
US4292046A (en) | 1979-08-10 | 1981-09-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Detergent compositions |
US4389322A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1983-06-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Friction reducing additives and compositions thereof |
US4518782A (en) | 1981-08-10 | 1985-05-21 | Texaco Inc. | Fuel compositions containing N-alkyl glycyl imidazoline |
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EP0149486A3 (en) | 1984-01-17 | 1986-10-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Detergent composition and gasoline composition containing same |
JPS61283690A (ja) * | 1985-06-07 | 1986-12-13 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 燃料油添加剤 |
US4836829A (en) | 1986-03-14 | 1989-06-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fuel composition and process for multi-port fuel injection systems (PNE-509) |
US4810263A (en) | 1986-04-11 | 1989-03-07 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fuel composition |
US4729769A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1988-03-08 | Texaco Inc. | Gasoline compositions containing reaction products of fatty acid esters and amines as carburetor detergents |
DE3709195A1 (de) | 1987-02-10 | 1988-08-18 | Guenther Dr Boehmke | Lagerstabile emulgatoren |
WO1990010051A1 (en) | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-07 | Union Oil Company Of California | Fuel composition for control of intake valve deposits |
GB9007431D0 (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1990-05-30 | Shell Int Research | Diesel fuel additives |
US5458660A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1995-10-17 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel compositions |
US5637121A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1997-06-10 | Chevron Chemical Company | Poly(oxyalkylene) aromatic amides and fuel compositions containing the same |
JPH09255973A (ja) | 1996-03-25 | 1997-09-30 | Oronaito Japan Kk | 軽油添加剤及び軽油組成物 |
CA2268181A1 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1998-04-23 | Sarah Louise Weaver | Fuel compositions |
AU2437300A (en) * | 1999-01-15 | 2000-08-01 | Infineum International Ltd | Improved fuel compositions |
JP2000256683A (ja) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-19 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 筒内噴射式ガソリンエンジン用無鉛ガソリン |
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2002
- 2002-12-20 US US10/328,115 patent/US20040118036A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2003-09-16 EP EP03255769A patent/EP1431374B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-22 JP JP2003424717A patent/JP5036956B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP1431374B1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
CA2440548A1 (en) | 2004-06-20 |
US20040118036A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
EP1431374A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
CA2440548C (en) | 2012-04-10 |
JP2004204232A (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
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