JP4992121B2 - Impact mitigation device and vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact mitigation device capable of mitigating an impact on a colliding object that collides with a vehicle, and a vehicle using the same.

  Conventionally, when a collision object collides with a traveling vehicle, the collision object receives an impact due to the collision with the vehicle. For example, when a pedestrian and a vehicle collide, the pedestrian receives an impact from the vehicle. For this reason, when the vehicle and the collision object collide, it is necessary to mitigate the impact of the collision object. In particular, when the collision object is a pedestrian or the like, it is important to moderate the impact by flexibly receiving not only the leg part of the pedestrian but also the leg part and the vicinity of the waist part.

  As a method of mitigating the impact of a collision object such as a pedestrian and a vehicle, for example, an airbag is provided so as to cover the range up to the front end to the hood. There is an airbag device that relaxes the impact on the thigh and waist of a pedestrian by deploying the airbag in the event of a collision with a person (Patent Document 1).

  In addition, when the pedestrian collides with the bumper, the protection device on the upper part of the bumper is mechanically deployed, and the pedestrian jumps up and receives the pedestrian, so that the pedestrian can collide with the front of the vehicle cabin. There is a protective device that suppresses impact (Patent Document 2).

JP 2000-168473 A US4015870

  However, in the airbag apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1, although there is an effect of reducing the impact on the pedestrian by the airbag, it is necessary to control the timing of deployment of the airbag and the control is complicated. is there.

  Further, in the protective device as in Patent Document 2, the impact on the front of the vehicle cabin is easily suppressed by jumping up the pedestrian on the bonnet, but a mechanism capable of generating a large force instantaneously is necessary and operates. There is a problem that timing control becomes complicated. In addition, there is a problem that a pedestrian who jumps up on the hood may receive a large force during operation.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems. For example, when a collision between a collision object such as a pedestrian and a vehicle occurs, the shock can be reduced with a simple structure. An object is to provide a mitigation device and a vehicle using the same.

In order to achieve the above-described object, a first invention is a device that is provided in front of a vehicle and that reduces an impact with a collision object, the collision object receiving member provided in front of the vehicle, and the collision object. A one-way rotation mechanism that joins the receiving member and the vehicle and rotates in only one direction, and the collision object receiving member is provided in a pair so as to face the upper and lower sides of the front and upper sides of the vehicle, The collision object receiving member is provided above the front surface of the vehicle. When a collision object collides below one of the collision object receiving members, the collision object receiving member is pushed by the collision object in one direction around the one-way rotation mechanism. One colliding object receiving member rotates above the vehicle, the other colliding object receiving member is provided below the front surface of the vehicle, and the colliding object collides above the other colliding object receiving member. Then, it is pushed from the collision object Rotating in one direction around the one-way rotation mechanism, the other collision object receiving member is deployed below the vehicle, and one collision object receiving member and the other collision object receiving member are simultaneously deployed. A gap is provided between the pair of colliding object receiving members, and an impact absorber is provided behind the gap, and when the colliding object collides and the colliding object receiving member rotates, the colliding object receiving member The impact mitigation device is characterized in that the vicinity of the end of the shock absorber is in contact with the shock absorber and absorbs the collision energy while partially suppressing the rotational movement of the collision object receiving member .

  Here, the one-way rotation mechanism is a member such as a so-called one-way clutch that can rotate only in one direction and does not rotate in the opposite direction, and includes a ratchet mechanism and the like. That is, it refers to a member that can be rotated with a small force in one direction but is locked at that position (rotation angle) without rotating in the opposite direction.

  One end of a support is joined to the impact receiving member, the other end of the support is joined to the vehicle, and the support is supported when the impact receiving member is deployed. It extends following the movement of the receiving member, supports the collision object receiving member after the colliding object receiving member is deployed, and partially closes when the colliding object receiving member is deformed and closes in the opposite direction to the deployed state. The collision energy may be absorbed by deformation of the support body while suppressing, in this case, the support body is provided on the cylinder body, an energy absorbing member inserted into the cylinder body, and the upper end of the cylinder body, A shutter that is always applied with a force in a closing direction with respect to the upper surface of the cylindrical body, a stopper is provided at a lower portion of the energy absorber, and the energy absorber is pulled out from the cylindrical body, Stopper is to the top of the cylinder That when the shutter is closed, the stopper is desired to be secured by said shutter.

  A damping mechanism may be provided behind the one-way rotating mechanism, and when the colliding object collides with the colliding object receiving member, the moving energy behind the one-way rotating mechanism may be absorbed.

  The one-way rotation mechanism is provided with a spring, and the spring applies a force in a direction opposite to the rotation of the one-way rotation mechanism to the one-way rotation mechanism when the collision object receiving member is deployed. You may change the expansion | deployment amount of the said collision object receiving member according to the force received from a collision object.

  The collision object receiving member may be divided and provided in the width direction of the vehicle. The collision object receiving member may be plate-shaped and elastically and plastically deformable, or the collision object receiving member may be frame-shaped and elastically and plastically deformable.

  According to the first invention, the collision object receiving member that rotates only in one direction by the one-way rotation mechanism is provided in front of the vehicle. For this reason, when a colliding object collides with the colliding object receiving member, the colliding object receiving member can be rotated and developed around the one-way rotation mechanism. In addition, since the one-way rotation mechanism does not reversely rotate, the deployed colliding object receiving member can maintain the deployed state. For this reason, the collision object is received by the entire collision object receiving member. Therefore, the impact force applied to the collision object can be reduced.

  Further, if the colliding object receiving member is provided on the front upper side, the colliding object receiving member expands upward when the colliding object collides with the vehicle. For this reason, the colliding object receiving member can receive the colliding object, and can reduce the impact when the colliding object falls on the bonnet.

  In addition, since the developed colliding object receiving member maintains the developed state, the colliding object that has fallen onto the bonnet is prevented from falling forward of the vehicle. Thereby, the secondary collision by the collision object falling to the vehicle front can be suppressed. That is, the collision object receiving member has a function of holding the collision object on the bonnet in addition to a function of receiving the collision object flexibly.

  Further, if a pair of colliding object receiving members are provided on the front upper and lower sides, the upper colliding object receiving member can soften the impact when the colliding object falls on the bonnet, and the lower colliding object receiving member can further reduce the impact object. Can be prevented from being caught in the lower part of the vehicle. Therefore, for example, even if the center of gravity of the collision object is higher than the bonnet of the vehicle, the collision receiving member can be widely received from the lower part of the collision object to the vicinity of the center of gravity, and the impact of the collision object can be reduced.

  Further, if an impact absorber is provided at the rear of the impact receiving member, when the impact receiving member rotates and expands, the end of the impact receiving member comes into contact with the impact absorber and the impact receiving member rotates. (Development) can be suppressed and the rotation amount (deployment amount) can be controlled. That is, the collision object receiving member does not expand too much. Further, the shock absorber can absorb the shock when the colliding object receiving member is completely deployed.

  Further, if the collision object receiving member is provided with a support, it is possible to prevent the collision object receiving member from rotating backward and closing when the collision object receiving member is deployed. Therefore, when the collision object collides, the collision object receiving member can absorb the impact with certainty.

  Further, if a damping mechanism is provided at the rear of the one-way rotating mechanism, when the colliding object collides with the colliding object receiving member, the backward movement of the colliding object receiving member can be suppressed, and the impact on the colliding object can be reduced. Can be tempered.

  Moreover, if a spring is provided in the one-way rotation mechanism, the force required when the collision object receiving member rotates and expands can be controlled. Therefore, if the spring force is adjusted, it is possible to control the impact force required to deploy the colliding object receiving member.

  Further, if the collision object receiving member is divided and provided in the width direction of the vehicle, the same impact mitigation effect can be obtained not only at the front center of the vehicle but also at both front sides. Further, if the colliding object receiving member has a plate shape, the area for receiving the colliding object can be increased, and the effect of reducing the impact force by the elastic deformation (and plastic deformation) of the colliding object receiving member is great. Further, if the impact receiving member is formed in a frame shape, an impact mitigating effect can be obtained without blocking the front surface of a headlight, a radiator grill or the like.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle including the impact mitigation device according to the first aspect of the invention.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a vehicle that can mitigate an impact at the time of collision between a collision object and the vehicle.

  According to the present invention, for example, when a collision between a collision object such as a pedestrian and a vehicle occurs, an impact mitigation device capable of relieving an impact on the collision object with a simple structure and a vehicle using the same are provided. can do.

  Hereinafter, an impact mitigation device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. 1A and 1B are schematic views showing an impact mitigation device 1, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view and FIG. 1B is a side view.

  The impact relaxation device 1 is provided in front of the vehicle 3. The impact relaxation device 1 includes a plate-like upper collision object receiving plate 9 and a lower collision object receiving plate 11. The upper collision object receiving plate 9 is provided in front upper direction of the vehicle 3. That is, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 covers a part of the bumper 7 and is provided up to the bonnet 5. The lower collision object receiving plate 11 is provided at the front lower side of the vehicle 3. That is, the lower collision object receiving plate 11 is provided from the bumper 7 to the lower side of the vehicle.

  The upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are bent along the shape of the vehicle 3. Further, a slight gap is provided between the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11. The gap is located in the vicinity of the forefront portion of the vehicle 3.

  The upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are preferably made of a material having a certain degree of strength and elastically deforming (and plastic deformation) when colliding with the collision object. As the material of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11, for example, an elastic material such as metal or resin can be used. For example, aluminum can be used as the metal, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene can be used as the resin.

  Next, the structure of the impact relaxation device 1 will be described. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG.

  The impact mitigating device 1 mainly includes an upper collision object receiving plate 9, a lower collision object receiving plate 11, one-way clutches 13a and 13b, an impact absorber 15 and the like.

  The upper collision object receiving member 9 is joined to the one-way clutch 13 a that is a one-way rotation mechanism inside the vehicle 3. The one-way clutch 13a is joined to the vehicle 3 side by the vehicle fixing portion 17. That is, the upper collision object receiving member 9 is joined to the vehicle 3 via the one-way clutch 13a. The one-way clutch 13a can rotate only in a direction in which the lower side of the upper collision object receiving member 9 moves rearward of the vehicle 3 and the upper side of the upper collision object receiving member 9 rises on the hood 5 (in the direction of arrow C in the figure). .

  Similarly, the downward collision object receiving member 11 is joined to the one-way clutch 13b inside the vehicle 3. The one-way clutch 13b is joined to the vehicle 3 side by the vehicle fixing portion 17. That is, the downward collision object receiving member 11 is joined to the vehicle 3 via the one-way clutch 13b. The one-way clutch 13b can rotate only in the direction in which the upper side of the lower collision object receiving member 11 moves rearward of the vehicle 3 and the lower side of the lower collision object receiving member 11 is deployed below the vehicle 3 (arrow D in the figure). direction).

  A gap is provided between the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11, and an impact absorber 15 is provided inside the gap (on the rear side of the vehicle 3). The shock absorber 15 is also joined to the vehicle 3. The shock absorber 15 may be a member similar to the bumper 7, and for example, a resin or the like can be used.

  Next, the operation of the impact relaxation device 1 will be described. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing the operation of the impact mitigation device 1 when the colliding object 19 collides with the vehicle 3, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of a portion E in FIG.

  When the colliding object 19 collides with the front of the vehicle 3, the colliding object 19 first collides with the vicinity of the gap between the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 which are the foremost part of the vehicle 3 (arrows in the figure). F direction). Due to the impact of the collision object 19, the front of the vehicle 3 is deformed. Due to deformation in front of the vehicle 3 (that is, collision of the colliding object 19), the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is below the junction with the one-way clutch 13a (hereinafter simply referred to as “below the upper colliding object receiving plate 9”). Is pushed to the rear side of the vehicle 3. Therefore, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 rotates around the one-way clutch 13a. Therefore, the upper side (hereinafter simply referred to as “above the upper collision object receiving plate 9”) of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 with the one-way clutch 13a is extended above the vehicle 3 (in the direction of arrow G in the figure). ).

  Similarly, due to deformation in front of the vehicle 3 (that is, collision of the collision object 19), the lower collision object receiving plate 11 is located above the joint portion with the one-way clutch 13b (hereinafter simply “above the lower collision object receiving plate 11”). Is called the rear side of the vehicle 3. Therefore, the lower collision object receiving plate 11 rotates around the one-way clutch 13b. Accordingly, the lower side (hereinafter simply referred to as “below the lower collision object receiving plate 11”) of the lower collision object receiving plate 11 with respect to the joint portion with the one-way clutch 13b extends below the vehicle 3 (in the direction of arrow H in the figure). ).

  When the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are deployed in the vertical direction of the vehicle 3, respectively, the lower part of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the upper part of the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are in accordance with the rotation of the vehicle 3. It moves rearward and contacts the shock absorber 15. The shock absorber 15 absorbs the collision energy by partially suppressing the rotational movement of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11, and the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are excessive. Suppresses rotation.

  Therefore, when the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are rotated to some extent, the rotation is further suppressed. That is, the impact absorber 15 absorbs the impact of the collision object 19 due to the rotation of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 and the amount of rotation of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11. It has a function to control.

  The one-way clutches 13 a and 13 b easily rotate in the direction in which the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are deployed above and below the vehicle 3, respectively. On the other hand, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are not rotated in the reverse direction (ie, the direction in which the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are closed), and the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are fixed at the rotation position. To do. That is, both the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are held in a developed state.

  FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an operation when a collision object 21 such as a pedestrian collides with the vehicle 3. As shown in FIG. 4A, when the colliding object 21 collides with the vehicle 3, the vehicle 3 first comes into contact with the vicinity of the legs of the pedestrian. Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the front of the vehicle 3 is deformed by an impact from the leg portion of the collision object 21. At this time, with the deformation of the vehicle 3, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are deployed (in the directions of arrows I and J in the figure).

  As shown in FIG. 4 (c), the lower collision object receiving plate 11 expands below the vehicle 3, so that the collision object 21 is flipped up from below. That is, the collision object 21 is suppressed from being caught below the vehicle 3. On the other hand, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 contacts the collision object 21 from the waist to the upper side. The collision object 21 falls over the upper collision object receiving plate 9. At this time, the impact of the collision object 21 is absorbed by elastic deformation (and plastic deformation) of the upper collision object receiving plate 9. In addition, since the contact area between the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the collision object 21 is increased, the impact on the collision object 21 is reduced.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4D, the collision object 21 falls onto the bonnet. Also at this time, the impact is absorbed by the deformation of the upper collision object receiving plate 9. Therefore, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 reduces the collision speed of the collision object 21 to the bonnet 5.

  As described above, according to the impact mitigation device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are deployed by the collision of the collision object 19, and therefore other control units The structure is simple. In addition, since an upper collision object receiving plate 9 is provided and expands above the front of the vehicle when the collision object 19 collides, when the collision object falls onto the vehicle 3, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the collision object The contact area is increased, and the impact on the collision object can be reduced.

  Further, since the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is elastically deformed (and plastically deformed) without rotating in the reverse direction, it functions as a cushion when the collision object falls on the hood of the vehicle. For this reason, the relative speed between the collision object and the vehicle can be reduced, and the collision speed between the collision object and the bonnet can be reduced. In particular, if the collision object is a pedestrian or the like, the upper part of the pedestrian's waist is received by the upper collision object receiving plate 9, so that the impact when the pedestrian falls on the hood can be efficiently absorbed.

  Further, since the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is deployed, the collision object that has fallen on the bonnet is prevented from falling forward of the vehicle 3 by a brake of the vehicle 3 or the like thereafter. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the collision object from dropping from the vehicle 3 or the occurrence of a secondary collision with the vehicle 3 due to this.

  Further, if the lower collision object receiving plate 11 is provided, the collision object can be prevented from being caught in the lower part of the vehicle 3. Further, by collapsing the colliding object receiving plate 11, the colliding object can be splashed onto the bonnet.

  Further, if the shock absorber 15 is provided, the amount of rotation of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 can be limited. Moreover, the impact at the time of completion | finish of expansion | deployment of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 can be absorbed.

  In addition, although the impact mitigation apparatus 1 provided both the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 in the upper front lower direction of the vehicle 3, only the upper collision object receiving plate 9 may be sufficient, for example. Even in this case, the impact when the colliding object collides with the bonnet or the like can be reduced. Moreover, what is necessary is just to provide the shock absorber 15 as needed. Even without the shock absorber 15, the impact mitigating effect by the upper collision object receiving plate 9 can be obtained.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the impact relaxation device 30, FIG. 5A is a front sectional view of the vehicle 3, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of a portion K in FIG. 5A. In the following embodiments, constituent elements that perform the same functions as those of the impact mitigation device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 are assigned the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 4 to avoid redundant description. The impact mitigating device 30 according to the second embodiment is different from the impact mitigating device 1 according to the first embodiment in that a support 31 is provided.

  A support 31 is provided in the vicinity of the upper end of the upper collision object receiving plate 9. As shown in FIG. 5B, the support 31 is mainly composed of a cylindrical body 37, an energy absorber 35, a shutter 41, and the like.

  The cylinder 37 is a cylindrical member that is open at the top. A lower portion of the cylindrical body 37 is rotatably joined to the vehicle 3 via the vehicle fixing portion 45. An energy absorber 35 is accommodated in the cylindrical body 37. The energy absorber 35 is movable in the axial direction of the cylindrical body 37. A stopper 39 is provided at the lower end of the energy absorber 35. The stopper 39 has a structure in which, for example, a spherical member is joined to the energy absorber 35 via a rod-shaped member having a small diameter.

  A pair of shutters 41 is provided near the upper surface of the cylindrical body 37. A spring 43 is provided behind the shutter 41. The shutter 41 is always pressed toward the center of the upper surface of the cylindrical body 37 by a spring. That is, at the normal time, the end of the shutter 41 is always pressed against the outer surface of the energy absorber 35. The upper end of the energy absorber 35 is rotatably joined via the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the receiving plate connecting portion 33.

  6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a state in which the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is deployed. FIG. 6A is a front sectional view of the vehicle 3, and FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of an L portion in FIG. is there.

  When the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is unfolded (in the direction of arrow M in the figure), the energy absorber 35 is pulled out from the cylinder 37 following the operation of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 (in the direction of arrow P in the figure). At this time, the cylindrical body 37 rotates so as to be directed toward the upper collision object receiving plate 9 (in the direction of arrow O in the figure).

  When the energy absorber 35 protrudes completely, the stopper 39 is positioned near the upper surface of the cylinder 37. At this time, the shutter 41 closes the upper surface of the cylinder 37 at the moment when the energy absorber 35 passes (in the direction of arrow Q in the figure). When the shutter 41 is closed, the energy absorber 35 and the stopper 39 are fixed by the shutter 41. That is, the shutter 41 prevents the stopper 39 from coming out of the cylinder 37 and prevents the energy absorber 35 from being pushed back into the cylinder 37. Therefore, the energy absorber 35 is fixed at a position protruding from the cylindrical body 37.

  The upper collision object receiving plate 9 is supported by the energy absorber 35 and the cylindrical body 37. Therefore, after the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is developed, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is partially prevented from being closed by the support 31. The energy absorber 35 is a material that can be easily deformed. For example, it is made of metal such as aluminum. Therefore, when the upper collision object receiving plate 9 receives the collision object, the impact of the collision object can be reduced by deformation (and destruction) of the energy absorber 35 and deformation (or damage) of the upper collision object reception plate 9. it can.

  Although not shown, a similar support body 31 can also be provided for the lower collision object receiving plate 11. In this case, the support 31 supports the lower collision object receiving plate 11 in a state where the lower collision object receiving plate 11 is expanded (in the direction of arrow N in the drawing).

  According to the collision alleviating device 30 according to the second embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the shock mitigating device 1 according to the first embodiment.

  Further, since the upper collision object receiving plate 9 is supported by the support 31, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 itself does not need to have high strength. That is, the impact of the collision object can be absorbed and reduced by the deformation of both the support 31 and the upper collision object receiving plate 9.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a view showing the impact mitigating device 50, FIG. 7 (a) is a front sectional view of the vehicle 3 in a normal state, and FIG. 5 (b) is a state when a collision object collides (the impact mitigating device 50 is activated). 2) is a front sectional view of the vehicle 3 of FIG. The impact relaxation device 50 is different from the impact relaxation device 1 according to the first embodiment in that an attenuation device 51 is provided.

  Damping devices 51 are respectively provided behind the one-way clutches 13a and 13b. As the attenuation device 51, a bush, a damper, or the like can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 7 (b), when the collision object collides, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 rotate around the one-way clutches 13a and 13b and expand. At this time, the one-way clutches 13a and 13b move rearward due to the impact of the collision object (in the direction of arrow R in the figure). The damping device 51 applies a damping force to the backward movement of the one-way clutches 13a and 13b (that is, absorbs the moving energy), and alleviates the impact of the collision object.

  According to the collision alleviating device 50 according to the third embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the impact mitigating device 1 according to the first embodiment.

  Further, the damping device 51 can absorb an impact when the one-way clutches 13a and 13b move rearward.

  Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 8A is a diagram showing the impact relaxation device 60. The impact mitigating device 60 is different from the impact mitigating device 1 in that a collision object receiving frame is used instead of the collision object receiving plate, and a plurality of collision object receiving frames are divided and installed in the width direction of the vehicle 3.

  The upper collision object receiving frames 61a, 61b, 61c (61) and the lower collision object receiving frames 63a, 63b, 63c (63) have the same configuration as the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11, respectively. It is not a plate shape, but is constituted by a frame provided on the outer peripheral portion. The upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63 can be elastically deformed (and plastically deformed). As a material of the upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63, for example, a metal such as aluminum or a resin such as high molecular weight polypropylene can be used.

  The upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63 perform the same operations as the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11, respectively. That is, when the collision object collides in front of the vehicle 3, the upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63 are expanded in the vertical direction around the one-way clutches 13 a and 13 b (not shown). In addition, since the mechanism at the time of expansion | deployment of the upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63 is the same as that of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11, respectively, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  According to the collision alleviating device 60 according to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the impact mitigating device 1 according to the first embodiment.

  Further, since the upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63 are frame-shaped, even if they are provided so as to cover the front surface of the headlight or the radiator grille, the effect of shock reduction is obtained without impairing their functions. be able to.

  In addition, if the colliding object receiving frame is divided into a plurality of parts in the width direction of the vehicle 3, the colliding object receiving frame is deployed at an appropriate location according to the collision part of the colliding object with respect to the vehicle 3. Can reduce the impact.

  If necessary, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 may be provided separately in the width direction of the vehicle 3, or the upper collision object receiving frame 61 and the lower collision object receiving frame 63 may be provided. You may provide each independently.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the upper collision object receiving frames 61a and 61b can be used in combination. That is, any of the collision object receiving plate and the collision object receiving frame may be used, and these may be used alone or in combination.

  The impact mitigation effect at the time of collision between the colliding object and the vehicle when using the impact mitigation apparatus according to the present invention was calculated. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the behavior when the modeled collision object 73 having a simple shape collides with the vehicle 71.

  In the center of the front surface of the vehicle 71, an impact mitigation device 75 that is simply modeled is provided. The vehicle 71 was run at a speed of 30 km / h. The mass of the collision object 73 was 66 kg. The calculation was performed for the case where the vehicle 71 and the collision object 73 collided straight at the position of the impact mitigation device 75. FIG. 9A to FIG. 9E show the results of calculating the behavior change of the collision object 73 over time. When the collision object 73 collides with the vehicle 71, the impact is reduced by the impact reduction device 75 and falls on the vehicle 71.

  FIG. 10 is a result of calculating the time change of the impact applied to the collision object 73 in the model of FIG. The impact received by the colliding object 73 is the impact calculation result at the top of the colliding object 73. For comparison, FIG. 10A shows the impact of the collision object 73 when the impact mitigating device 75 is not provided, and FIG. 10B shows the result when the impact mitigating device 75 is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 10, when the maximum impact when there is no impact mitigating device is 1, and the impact mitigating device 75 of the present invention is provided, the impact is about 0.4 at maximum. Therefore, it has been found that even when the magnitude of the effect varies depending on the calculation conditions, the impact mitigation device according to the present invention can alleviate the impact when the collision object collides with the vehicle.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, the technical scope of this invention is not influenced by embodiment mentioned above. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs.

  For example, the one-way clutches 13a and 13b can rotate only in the direction in which the upper collision object receiving plate 9, the lower collision object receiving plate 11 and the like are deployed, but it is also possible to adjust the rotational force of the one-way clutch.

  For example, if a spring is provided in the one-way clutch and a force is generated in a direction against the rotation when the one-way clutch rotates, it is necessary when the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are deployed. Power increases. That is, if the force of the spring is increased, a larger force is required to deploy the upper collision object receiving plate 9, the lower collision object receiving plate 11, and the like. For this reason, when impact force is small, it can suppress that the upper collision object receiving plate 9, the lower collision object receiving plate 11, etc. expand | deploy unnecessarily.

  Therefore, by providing a spring in the one-way clutch, when the force received from the collision object is large, the upper collision object receiving plate 9, the lower collision object receiving plate 11 and the like are surely (completely) deployed. When the force received is small, the amount of expansion of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 can be reduced. That is, the amount of expansion of the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 can be changed (controlled) by the force received from the collision object.

  Further, when the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 are deployed, the collision object collides with the lower collision object receiving plate 9 or the lower collision object receiving plate 11 and the like, and rotates around the one-way clutch. However, the present invention is not limited to this method. For example, the collision of the colliding object may be detected by a collision sensor or the like, and the upper collision object receiving plate 9 and the lower collision object receiving plate 11 may be deployed by an air bag provided separately.

The figure which shows the external appearance of the vehicle 3 with which the impact relaxation apparatus 1 was attached. It is a figure which shows the structure of the impact relaxation apparatus 1, (a) is the sectional view on the AA line of Fig.1 (a), (b) is the B section enlarged view of (a). The figure which shows the state which the collision object 19 collided with the vehicle 3 and the impact mitigation apparatus 1 act | operated. The conceptual diagram which shows the behavior of the collision object 21 when collision objects 21, such as a pedestrian, collide with the vehicle 3. FIG. The figure which shows the impact relaxation apparatus 30 in which the support body 31 was provided. The figure which shows the state which the collision object collided with the vehicle 3 and the impact mitigation apparatus 30 act | operated. The figure which shows the impact relaxation apparatus 50 provided with the damping device 51, (a) is a normal time, (b) is a figure which shows the state at the time of the action | operation of the impact relaxation apparatus 50. The figure which shows the attachment state of the impact relaxation apparatus 60 and the impact relaxation apparatus 70. FIG. The figure which shows the behavior of the collision object 73 calculated in the case of the collision of the modeled vehicle 71 and the modeled collision object 73. FIG. The figure which shows the impact of the collision object 73, (a) is a calculation result when there is no impact mitigation device 75, (b) is a figure which shows the calculation result at the time of providing the modeled impact mitigation device 75.

Explanation of symbols

1, 30, 50, 60, 70... Impact mitigating device 3... Vehicle 5... Bonnet 7 ... Bumper 9 ... Upper collision object receiving plate 11 ... Lower collision object receiving plate 13a, 13b ......... One-way clutch 15 ......... Shock absorber 17 ......... Vehicle fixing part 19 ......... Collision object 21 ......... Collision object 31 ......... Supporting body 33 ......... Base plate joint 35 ......... Energy absorber 37 ......... Cylinder 39 ......... Stopper 41 ......... Shutter 43 ......... Spring 45 ......... Vehicle fixing part 51 ......... Dampening devices 61a, 61b, 61c ......... Upper collision object receiving frame 63a, 63b, 63c ......... Downward impact object receiving frame 71 ......... vehicle 73 ......... impact object 75 ......... impact mitigation device

Claims (9)

A device that is provided in front of a vehicle and that relieves an impact with a collision object,
A collision object receiving member provided on the front surface of the vehicle;
A one-way rotating mechanism that joins the collision object receiving member and the vehicle and rotates in only one direction;
Comprising
The collision object receiving member is provided in a pair so as to face the upper and lower sides of the front and lower sides of the vehicle,
One colliding object receiving member is provided above the front surface of the vehicle, and when a colliding object collides below the one colliding object receiving member, the colliding object is pushed by the colliding object in one direction around the one-way rotation mechanism. The one colliding object receiving member is deployed above the vehicle,
The other colliding object receiving member is provided below the front surface of the vehicle, and when a colliding object collides above the other colliding object receiving member, it is pushed by the colliding object and is unidirectional with respect to the one-way rotation mechanism. The other collision object receiving member is deployed below the vehicle,
One colliding object receiving member and the other colliding object receiving member are simultaneously deployed,
A gap is provided between the pair of collision object receiving members, and an impact absorber is provided behind the gap,
When a colliding object collides and the colliding object receiving member rotates, the vicinity of the end of the colliding object receiving member comes into contact with the shock absorber, and the collision energy is reduced while partially suppressing the rotating operation of the colliding object receiving member. A shock absorbing device characterized by absorbing . One end of a support is joined to the collision object receiving member,
The other end of the support is joined to the vehicle,
The support is
The colliding object receiving member expands following the operation of the colliding object receiving member when deployed,
After the colliding object receiving member is deployed, the colliding object receiving member is supported, and when the colliding object receiving member is deformed, a part of the colliding object receiving member is prevented from closing in a direction opposite to that when the colliding object receiving member is deployed. The shock absorbing device according to claim 1 , wherein the shock absorbing device absorbs water. The support is
A cylinder,
An energy absorber which is inserted into the cylindrical body,
A shutter provided at the upper end of the cylindrical body, and a force is always applied in a closing direction with respect to the upper surface of the cylindrical body;
Comprising
A stopper is provided below the energy absorber, and when the energy absorber is pulled out from the cylinder and the stopper reaches the upper end of the cylinder, the shutter is closed and the stopper is fixed by the shutter. The impact relieving device according to claim 2 . The damping mechanism is provided behind the one-way rotating mechanism, and when the colliding object collides with the collision object receiving member, the rearward movement energy of the one-way rotating mechanism is absorbed. The impact mitigation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . The one-way rotation mechanism is provided with a spring, and the spring applies a force in a direction opposite to the rotation of the one-way rotation mechanism to the one-way rotation mechanism when the collision object receiving member is deployed. The impact mitigation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein a development amount of the collision object receiving member is changed according to a force received from the collision object. The impact mitigating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the collision object receiving member is divided and provided in a width direction of the vehicle. The impact mitigating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the collision object receiving member has a plate shape and is capable of elastic deformation and plastic deformation. The impact mitigating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the collision object receiving member has a frame shape and is capable of elastic deformation and plastic deformation. A vehicle comprising the impact mitigation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in front.

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