JP4938522B2 - 選択透過膜型反応器 - Google Patents
選択透過膜型反応器 Download PDFInfo
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Description
CO+H2O=CO2+H2 …(a)
CO+3H2=CH4+H2O …(b)
図3に示すような装置を使用し、実施例1及び比較例1の選択透過膜型反応器について評価を行った。原料ガス源として、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、水素、酸素、水を使用出来るようにライン接続し、これらを必要に応じて選択、混合して選択透過膜型反応器に供給出来るようになっている。水に関しては気化器で気化して供給される。
原料ガスとして、改質模擬ガス(H2:CO:CO2:H2O=56:11:6:27)を選択透過膜型反応器に供給した。一酸化炭素と水の反応であるシフト反応を行わせ、反応生成物から水素を選択的に分離した。反応温度は400℃に調整し、反応側圧力は3atm、透過側圧力は0.1atmとした。膜透過側及び膜非透過側におけるガス流量とガス組成を調べることにより、水素純度、CO2転換率、CH4転換率を算出した。CO2転換率及びCH4転換率は、下記の式で表され、CO2転換率はシフト反応(CO+H2O=CO2+H2)の進行度合いを、CH4転換率はメタネーション反応(CO+3H2=CH4+H2O)の進行度合いをそれぞれ示す指標である。
CO2転換率[%]=100×(入口CO流量−出口CO流量−出口CH4流量)/(入口CO流量)
CH4転換率[%]=100×(出口CH4流量)/(入口CO流量)
分離管は一端部が閉じられた有底筒状のアルミナ多孔体(外径10mm、長さ75mm)からなり、その表面に選択透過膜として、水素を選択的に透過する75%Pd−25%Ag合金膜がメッキにより20μmの厚さで成膜されたものを用いた。触媒は1mmΦのチタニアペレットの外表面にPtをディップ法により担持した白金チタニアと、ペレット形状の鉄−クロム系触媒(大きさ約3mm)を用いた。分離管まわりには白金チタニア(第一触媒層)、その外周には鉄クロム系触媒(第二触媒層)を、それぞれ配置を制御してパックドベッド状に図1及び図2のように充填した。
実施例2〜11についても、実施例1と同様に、表1〜表2に示す膜厚、触媒種、触媒層厚みのものを用いて行った。具体的には、実施例5〜7は、第一触媒層の貴金属、実施例8〜9は、第一触媒層の厚みを変化させた。なお、表の第一触媒層の厚みは、図2のrを指す。
分離管は一端部が閉じられた有底筒状のアルミナ多孔体(外径10mm、長さ75mm)からなり、その表面に選択透過膜として、水素を選択的に透過する75%Pd−25%Ag合金膜がメッキにより20μmの厚さで成膜されたものを用いた。触媒にはペレット形状の鉄クロム系触媒(大きさ約3mm)のみを用いた。これを反応管と分離管との間の空隙にパックドベッド状に図1のように充填した。
比較例2〜3は膜厚が異なる以外は、比較例1と同様のものを用いた。比較例4は、第一触媒層が厚いもの、比較例5は、第一触媒層の厚みが薄いものを用いた。比較例6〜7は、触媒層が貴金属系触媒のみのものを用いた。
(耐久性に関する試験結果)
選択透過膜型反応器において各種の条件にて1000hの連続運転を行った。反応開始30min後と1000h後の水素純度の比較を表1に示す。なお、表中の触媒充填量比(体積比)は、貴金属系触媒が1に対する非貴金属系触媒(鉄系触媒)の体積比である。表1により、実施例1〜9ではいずれの場合においても時間経過後の水素純度の低下がないことが分かる。これに対し、比較例1〜3、5では時間の経過とともに水素純度が大きく低下した。反応後、Pd膜を取り出してSEMでPd膜表面を観察した。比較例1〜3、5のPd膜では、Pd膜と触媒成分である鉄との反応とそれに伴うPd膜の劣化が確認された。また、比較例4では、Pd膜の劣化は抑制されたものの、反応初期、1000h後ともにCO2転換率が低くなった。一方、実施例1〜9では、Pd膜と触媒成分との反応に由来するPd膜表面の劣化部位は確認されず、さらに反応初期、1000h後ともに高いCO2転換率が得られた。
選択透過膜型反応器において、貴金属系触媒のみを用いた場合と貴金属系触媒と鉄系触媒を用いた場合の結果それぞれの比較を表2に示す。表2中のCO2転換率及びCH4転換率は、反応初期における値である。貴金属系触媒のみを用いた比較例6〜7では、メタネーション反応によりCH4が生成した。一方、貴金属系触媒と鉄系触媒を用いた実施例10〜11では、貴金属系触媒のみ用いた比較例の結果と比較してCH4の生成を抑制できることが分かった。本試験結果から、膜型反応器において貴金属系触媒と鉄系触媒を用いることで、より選択的にシフト反応を行えることが分かった。
Claims (7)
- Pd膜又はPd合金膜により形成されたH2選択透過能を有する選択透過膜と、
シフト反応を促進する触媒層とを有し、
前記触媒層は、前記選択透過膜側の第一触媒層に貴金属触媒と、前記第一触媒層よりも前記選択透過膜から離れた第二触媒層に鉄系触媒とを有し、
前記第一触媒層の厚みは、0.1〜5cmであり、
前記第一触媒層の貴金属系触媒と前記第二触媒層の鉄系触媒の充填量の体積比は、1:0.5〜40である選択透過膜型反応器。 - 前記第一触媒層に担持される貴金属が、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Ir、Pt及びAuから選択される少なくとも一種を含む請求項1に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
- 前記第一触媒層が、Ti、Al、Zr、Ce、Si及びMgからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む多孔質無機酸化物からなる担体に、前記貴金属を担持してなるものである請求項2に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
- 前記鉄系触媒は、鉄クロム系触媒である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
- 前記選択透過膜を形成するPd合金がPd−Ag合金又はPd−Cu合金である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
- 前記選択透過膜の膜厚は、20μm以下である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
- 前記触媒層は、ペレット状、フォーム状又はハニカム状に形成された担体に触媒が担持されたもの、または触媒自身をペレット状、フォーム状又はハニカム状に成形したものである請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
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JP2007078366A JP4938522B2 (ja) | 2007-03-26 | 2007-03-26 | 選択透過膜型反応器 |
US12/053,840 US8128896B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2008-03-24 | Permselective membrane type reactor |
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JP2007070165A (ja) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-22 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | シフト反応用膜型反応器 |
GB0901472D0 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2009-03-11 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Hydrogen process |
JP5736669B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-01 | 2015-06-17 | 株式会社Ihi | アンモニア合成器 |
US9272269B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2016-03-01 | National University Of Singapore | Catalytic hollow fibers |
KR20140123218A (ko) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 수소 분리막 및 상기 수소 분리막을 포함하는 수소 분리 장치 |
JP6732474B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2020-07-29 | 公益財団法人地球環境産業技術研究機構 | 水素ガス分離材および膜反応器の製造方法、並びに、水素ガス分離材を用いた水素含有ガスの製造方法 |
CN114752300B (zh) * | 2021-01-12 | 2023-02-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种SiOC阻氢膜及其制作方法与应用 |
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JP3283958B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-13 | 2002-05-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 反応器およびその製造方法 |
US6461408B2 (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 2002-10-08 | Robert E. Buxbaum | Hydrogen generator |
JPH10265202A (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-06 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 水素製造装置 |
US6548029B1 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2003-04-15 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for providing a pure hydrogen stream for use with fuel cells |
JP2002255505A (ja) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-09-11 | Corona Corp | 重質炭化水素燃料から高純度水素を製造する方法及び装置 |
US6913736B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2005-07-05 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Metal gas separation membrane module design |
JP2004284912A (ja) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | シフト反応装置およびこれを用いた一酸化炭素除去方法 |
JP2005125137A (ja) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-19 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | シフト反応用モノリス触媒 |
JP4463579B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-03 | 2010-05-19 | 東邦瓦斯株式会社 | 水素分離装置 |
JP2007070165A (ja) | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-22 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | シフト反応用膜型反応器 |
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2007
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